初中易混淆知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

Stressed 和stressfulstressful 指形容事物adj.1.產(chǎn)生壓力的 2.使緊迫的stressed 指形容人有壓力的n.重壓, 逼迫, 壓力, 重點(diǎn), 著重, 強(qiáng)調(diào), 重音vt.著重, 強(qiáng)調(diào), 重讀前者形容“物”，后者形容“人”I am working in a company . I am stressed by the stressful job .lose lost loss單詞詞性中文釋義詞組lose動(dòng)詞失去，喪失；輸?shù)?；?機(jī)會(huì))錯(cuò)過(guò)；lose ones life喪生lose ones way 迷路；lose oneself 迷路；lose oneself in沉湎于lose weight 減肥lose face丟臉lose heart泄氣，灰心lose your mind喪失理智lose your voice失聲lose touch with sb失去聯(lián)系lost形容詞動(dòng)詞(lose的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞)丟失的迷路的a lost wallet遺失的錢(qián)包a lost child迷路的小孩get lost迷路lost in thought沉思中l(wèi)oss名詞失去the loss of 的失去詞典例句：1. Mike lost his job last year.2. The family lost everything when their home burned down.3. Ive lost my bag. Have you seen it?4. He lost his sight in an accident.5. She lost her son in a car accident.6. The keys are lost somewhere in the house.7. Martin was lost in thought and did not hear the door open.選用lose，lost，loss填空：1. He lost his job.2. She has lost interest in her work.3. I lost my watch somewhere.4. You cannot lose yourself in computer games.5. He reported the loss of his wallet to the police.6. He lost his way in the snowstorm.7. They lost their son in the park.8. I was very sad at the loss of my dog.9. We lost the game yesterday.10. He lost himself in reading.11. The fat boy wanted to lose weight.Close closely(1)closeadj.靠近；接近;親密；密切短語(yǔ)：get/becloseto靠近；親近Thechurchisclosetotheshops.Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近；接近（表具體意義）短語(yǔ)：hike/walk/run/sit/standcloseto.Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.(3)closev.關(guān)上；關(guān)閉(不開(kāi)發(fā))；結(jié)束Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(閉上)(4)closelyadv.緊密地；仔細(xì)地；密切地（表抽象意義）Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.比較(1)close與closely作副詞時(shí)，close含具體之意，closely含抽象之意。(2)類(lèi)似的詞組有high(高)-highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)-deeply(深入地)，wide(很開(kāi)，寬)-widely(廣泛地)，low(低的)-lowly(低賤的)(作形容詞)Thekiteflieshigh.（具體）Theyspokehighlyofthebraveyoungman.（抽象）Heoftendivesdeepintothesea.（具體）Imdeeplymovedbythemovingfilm.（抽象）Show 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Show showed showed Show showed showncontrol 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞control controlled controlled controlling (要雙寫(xiě))travel 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞travel traveled traveled travelingtravel travelled traveled travelingbe valuable =be of great valuebe of adj.+n.=be +該名詞的形容詞形式 例如：be of great importance=be very importantbreak in 和 break intobreak in不及物 Thieves broke in last night and stole some money.break into及物 Thieves broke into the bank last night and stole some money.break into 突然 hearing the news,she broke into tears/laughter.Laugh laughterlaugh laughter這兩個(gè)詞都表示“笑”的意思，但涵義和使用場(chǎng)合有所不同。它們的區(qū)別如下：（一）laugh可以用作動(dòng)詞和名詞；laughter只能用作名詞。（二）用作名詞時(shí)，laugh是可數(shù)名詞，可以用a修飾，也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式；laughter是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用a修飾，也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。（三）laugh是通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)詞法（conversion）由動(dòng)詞to laugh轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)；laughter是通過(guò)詞綴法（affixation）由動(dòng)詞to laugh派生而來(lái)。（四）laugh的詞義比較具體，指某一次或某一個(gè)具體的行動(dòng)；laughter的詞義比較一般，通常只表達(dá)抽象的概念。下面先看兩個(gè)laugh的例句：He laughed a loud laugh他大笑一聲。We laughed at the enemies for their timidity and incapacity我們嘲笑敵人的膽怯和無(wú)能。They have had a good many laughs over his foolishness他們?cè)啻纬靶λ薮?。下面?laughter的例句：His jokes sent everybody roaring with laughter他的笑話使每個(gè)人捧腹大笑。As they listened to my story，they gave a laugh from time to time；I dont know how my story caused so much laughter他們一邊聽(tīng)我講故事，一邊不時(shí)地哈哈大笑；我真不懂我的故事為什么這么好笑。在此句中，laugh和laughter用在一起，我們可從中看到 laugh之前可以加a，詞義比較具體；laughter是不可數(shù)名詞，詞義比較抽象。請(qǐng)注意，laughing是動(dòng)名詞，其后也不能加-s，它強(qiáng)調(diào)笑的動(dòng)作。例：I nearly died of laughing！我?guī)缀跣Φ靡溃t is no laughing matter此事不可言笑。（意指此事非兒戲，是正經(jīng)事）laugh laughterLaugh smileLaugh 笑聲，出聲的大笑，有時(shí)還伴隨身體動(dòng)作Smile 微笑 。give a soft smile 莞爾一笑room,place,space這一組名詞都有空間，地方的意思。room有兩層含義，一為“房間”，是可數(shù)名詞；二表示人或物體所占的“空間或場(chǎng)所”、處事的“余地”等意思，是不可數(shù)名詞，可用little，much，no，plenty等詞修飾?？蓸?gòu)成make room for給.讓出地方；take up room占地方；leave room for留出空間給.等短語(yǔ)。There is room in improvement in your work.你在工作上還有上升空間。place指人們從事各種活動(dòng)的“地方，場(chǎng)所，位置”，是可數(shù)名詞，常用的短語(yǔ)有take ones place就坐，入席；in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。Wuhan is a hot place in summer.武漢是個(gè)夏天很熱的地方。space意為“空間”，是不可數(shù)名詞，表示萬(wàn)物存在之處，太空；作“空隙、空白”解時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。There isnt space in the classroom for thirty desksspace 指(個(gè)人)空間，太空時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。eg.You have to give teenagers plenty of space.必須給青少年充足的個(gè)人空間。指空地，余地，間隔時(shí)，可以做可數(shù)名詞，也可以做不可數(shù)名詞。eg.Please save a space for me in the queue.請(qǐng)?jiān)谂抨?duì)中給我留下個(gè)位子。（可數(shù)）Put as much space as possible between the lines.盡量拉開(kāi)各行間的距離。（不可數(shù)）nothing butnothing but（除而外；什么也沒(méi)有；只有）后面可接(1) 名詞或代詞： For miles and miles I could see nothing except (= but) a great fire and lots of smoke. 一連好幾英里，除了大火和濃煙我什么也看不見(jiàn)。 Under the soil there is nothing but sand. 在這層土壤下邊只有沙子。 （2）不定式：A cold-blooded animal has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 冷血?jiǎng)游飫e無(wú)選擇，只好躺下來(lái)睡覺(jué)。（注：這種句型中的不定式通常要帶to