小學(xué)英語知識(shí)匯總文檔.doc

小學(xué)英語匯總1.食品類：bread, chicken, cake, candy, butter, chocolate, cheese, egg, ham, soup, ice-cream, fries, pie, pizza, salad, sausage, sandwich, hamburger, noodles2.飲料類：coffee, milk, beer, water, Coke, juice, tea3.水果類：apple, banana, peach, pear, orange, lemon, mango, pineapple, watermelon4.交通工具：bus, bike, car, plane, subway, taxi, train, ship, jeep, boat5.球類：basketball, baseball, football, volleyball, badminton, tennis, bowling6.天氣：cloudy, cold, warm, hot, cool, sunny, overcast, clear, foggy, (rain, snow, cloud, wind, fog)7.服裝類；coat, gloves, cap, hat, shirt, skirt, jacket, shoes, sock, sweater, vest, T-shirt, dress, jeans8.人體部位: ear, eye, face, head, mouth, nose, tooth, hand, arm, leg9職業(yè)類：driver, doctor, lawyer, nurse, postman, teacher, singer, vet, cook, pilot, dancer, astronaut, farmer, policeman, policewoman, salesman, saleswoman, worker, waiter, manager10.基數(shù)詞：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.序數(shù)詞：first第一second第二third第三fourth第四 fifth第五 sixth 第六seventh第七 eighth 第八 ninth第九ten第十11. 月份: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December12. 顏色: black, blue, brown, green, pink, purple, red, yellow, white, orange13.學(xué)習(xí)科目：art, Chinese, English, math, P.E., music, science14.場(chǎng)所：bookshop, bank, school, cinema, hospital, theatre, shop, supermarket, store , farm , park, zoo, office, club, park, restaurant, museum, post office15. 學(xué)習(xí)用品: book, bag, eraser, pen, pencil, knife, ruler, pencil sharpener16.動(dòng)物：bird, cat, fish, panda, fox, duck, rabbit, pig, dog, monkey, tiger, lion.17. 國(guó)家: America( the USA), Britain, China, Canada, Australia, France, Japan, Russia18. 稱呼: aunt, brother, sister, mother, dad, father, grandma, grandpa, grandfather, grandmother, granny, uncle, cousin 19. 星期: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday20.季節(jié)類：spring, summer, autumn, winter21.名詞性物主代詞：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs22.樂器類：piano, violin, guitar, drum, flute23.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式：eatate吃 forgetforgot忘記 drinkdrank喝dodid做 comecame來cancould能getgot得到 givegave給 gowent去givegave給have/hashad有knowknew知道 makemade制作runran跑 saysaid說 seesaw看見 swimswam游泳taketook拿，帶 winwon獲勝 bewas/were是 is/amwas是arewere是24.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式（直接+ed）:cleancleaned打掃，清理climbclimbed爬coughcoughed咳嗽decidedecided(直接+d決定) happenhappened發(fā)生 jumpjumped跳knockknocked敲門measuremeasured測(cè)量 playplayed玩patpatted拍visitvisited拜訪，參觀 walkwalked行走wantwanted想要watchwatched觀看weighweighed稱體重 25.英語詞組：Last night昨天夜間 high jump跳高 sports day運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) do homework做作業(yè) read a book看書watch TV看電視playfootball踢足球play basketball打籃球 Play volle打排球play badminton打羽毛球 play tennis打網(wǎng)球 play table tennis打乒乓球next Sunday下周日clean the house打掃房間space suit太空服one by one一個(gè)個(gè) visit a friend拜訪朋友last weekend上周末in summer在夏天in spring在春天in autumn在秋天in winter在冬天in July在七月in May在五月on Monday在周一 in space在太空a lot of許多eat/have breakfast吃早飯 eat/have lunch吃午飯eat/have dinner吃晚飯go on vacation去度假go to school去上學(xué)go home回家 get home到家have fun玩得開心play the guitar彈吉它Play the drums敲鼓play the violin拉小提琴play the flute吹笛子play the piano彈鋼琴 26.形容詞原形、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)（1）末尾直接加er, estshortshorterthe shortest longlongerthe longest talltallerthe tallest youngyoungerthe youngest oldolderthe oldest smallsmallerthe smallest(2)雙寫末尾輔音字母加er,estbigbiggerthe biggest fatfatterthe fattest thinthinnerthe thinnest hothotterthe hottest(3)變y為i加er, estheavyheavierthe heaviest happyhappierthe happiest earlyearlierthe earliest(4)多音節(jié)詞加more,mostBoringmore boringthe most boring difficultmore difficultthe most difficult excitingmore excitingthe most exciting expensivemore expensivethe most expensiveinterestingmore interestingthe most interesting疑問詞（what，what time, what colour, where， when, who， whose， which， how， how old ，how tall, how long, how big, how heavy , how much， how many等等）具體用法:疑問詞意義 用法例句What什么用來問是什么，叫什么，做什么等1. What s your name? 你叫什么名字？2. Whats your father?你爸爸是干什么的？3. what is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么What time什么時(shí)間用來問時(shí)間What time is it? 幾點(diǎn)了？What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？What colour什么顏色用來問顏色1.waht colour is your bag? 你的書包是什么顏色？2.what colour is your book?你的書本是什么顏色？What about怎么樣用來征求意見或詢問感受等，大多用于承接上面的同樣問題1.what bout this pair of shoes?這雙鞋子怎么樣？2.what about you? 你呢？3.what about your dad?你爸爸呢？What day星期幾用來問星期幾1.what day is it today? 今天星期幾？2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期幾？What date什么日期問具體的日期1Whats the date today? 今天是幾號(hào)？2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是幾號(hào)？What.for為何目的用來問目的，在一定情況下只可以與why互換What did you buy that for? 你為什么要買那個(gè)？when什么時(shí)候用來問時(shí)間1.when do you get up?你什么時(shí)候起床？2. when did you go there? 你什么時(shí)候去的那里？where哪里用來問地點(diǎn)1. where is my ruler? 我的尺子在哪里？2.where are you from? 你是哪里人？3. where are you going to ? 你打算去哪里？which哪一個(gè)用來問具體的哪一個(gè)1. which season do you like best?你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？2.which class are you in?你在哪一個(gè)班？3.which one is my pen？哪一個(gè)是我的鋼筆？who誰用來問人物是誰1.who is that boy?那個(gè)男孩是誰？2. who are you going to with? 你打算和誰一起去？3. Who is that pretty lady?那個(gè)漂亮的女士是誰?whose誰的用來問東西是誰的1. whose bag is this? 這是誰的包？2.whose bike is yellow? 誰的自行車是黃色的？why為什么用來問原因1.why do you like spring? 你為什么喜歡春天？2. why did you go there? 你為什么去那里？how怎么樣用來詢問身體等狀況1. how are you? 你好嗎？2. how is your mother? 你媽媽好嗎？How old幾歲用來問年齡1.how old are you? 你幾歲了？2. how old is your father? 你爸爸多大了？How long多長(zhǎng)用來問長(zhǎng)度1.how long are your legs? 你的腿多長(zhǎng)？2. how long is your pencil? 你的鉛筆多長(zhǎng)？How big多大用來問物體的大小How big is your bedroom? 你的臥室多大？How tall多高用來問高度How tall is your brother? 你弟弟有多高?How heavy多重用來問重量1.How heavy are you? 你有多重？2.How heavy is this box? 這個(gè)箱子有多重？How far多遠(yuǎn)用來問路程1.How far can you dive under the water? 在水下你能游多遠(yuǎn)？2. How far is it from here? 從這兒去有多遠(yuǎn)？How many多少用來問數(shù)量1.How many apples do you have? 你有多少蘋果？2.How many days are there in a year?一年有多少天？How much多少錢用來問價(jià)格1.how much is this dress? 這個(gè)連衣裙多少錢？2.how much are these desks? 這些桌子多少錢？How about怎么樣用來征求意見或詢問感受等，大多用于承接上面的同樣問題，用法同what about1. how about you? 你呢？2. how about that shirt? 那件襯衣怎么樣？一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women，policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesnt)，一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping四、將來時(shí)1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。2.肯定句：be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如：What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如：Who is going to play football?五、一般過去時(shí)1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2.Be動(dòng)詞在一