四級考試聽力資料

3b3-2Passage One People often show their feelings by the body positions they adopt. These can contradict what you age saying, especially when you age trying to disguise the way you feel. For example, a very common defensive position, assumed when people feel threatened in some way, is to put your arm or arms across your body. This is a way of shielding yourself from a threatening situation. This shielding action can be disguised as adjusting ones cuff or watch strap. Leaning back in your chair especially with your arms folded is not only defensive, its also a way of showing your disapproval, of a need to distance yourself from the rest of the company. A position which betrays an aggressive attitude is to avoid looking directly at the person you are speaking to. On the other hand, approval and desire to cooperate are shown by copying the position of the person you are speaking to. This shows that you agree or are willing to agree with someone. The position of ones feet also often shows the direction of peoples thoughts, for example, feet or a foot pointing towards the door can indicate that a person wishes to leave the room. The direction in which your foot points can also show which person in the room you feel most sympathetic towards, even when you are not speaking directly to that person. 21. Why does a person often cross the arms in a threatening situation? A) To lower the danger. B) To disguise his fear. C) To shield his disapproval. D) To show his embarrassment. 22. What can we learn about a person from the direction of his foot? A) What he or she wants to disguise. B) Where he or she comes from. C) Whom he or she is speaking to. D) Whom he or she has sympathy for. 23. What might you do if you have different opinions with another person? A) Look at him or her directly. B) Stand or sit near him or her. C) Lean back in your chair with your arms folded. D) Have a defensive attitude to him or her. Passage Two Sleep is part of your daily activity cycle. But how much you sleepand when and how deeply you sleepare determined as much by psychological and social factors as by biological needs. Generally speaking, the younger you are, the more you sleep and the deeper you sleep. Newborn infants sleep about 16 hours each day cycle. This sleep is scattered in six or more bursts of a few hours each. Newborns sleep as much during the day as at night. During the first year of life, the amount of sleep an infant needs decreases by two hours or more. One recent study showed that by six months of age, 80 percent of the infants were sleeping through the night and taking short naps during the day. By age two, the child sleeps about 12 hours a day, including about 90 minutes of daytime naps. According to the experiment done by a scientist, the major change during the infants first two years is a decrease in the amount of daytime sleep. This change occurs in almost all infants. Therefore, this developmental sequence probably is controlled primarily by genetic factors. By adolescence and early adulthood, the amount of daily sleep has dropped to about 8 hours. The experiment found that University of Florida students averaged about 7 hours and 40 minutes of sleep at night. In addition they napped about 25 minutes per day. Older people tend to sleep less deeply than infants or young adults. By 40 or 50 years of age, people wake up more frequently during the night. And by age 60, almost everyone naps on a regular basis. 24. What is the passage mainly about? A) The amount and pattern of sleep. B) Sleeping problems of old people. C) The relationship between sleep and health. D) The importance and necessity of sleep. 25. What is NOT true concerning humans sleep? A) Generally speaking, sleep patterns change with age. B) The deeper you sleep the fewer hours you sleep. C) Many psychological factors can affect your sleep. D) Older people tend to sleep less deeply than infants. 26. About how long does a two-year-old baby take a nap? A) 1.5 hours. B) 40 minutes. C) 12 hours. D) 120 minutes. 27. According to the experiment, on average how many hours do students in Florida University sleep at night? A) About 6 hours. B) About 7 hours. C) About 8 hours. D) About 10 hours. Passage Three Participating in regular physical activities such as sports is a key component of a healthy lifestyle. Current research indicates that exercise and involvement in sports can help you lose weight, stay healthy and even improve your mental state. However, participation in any sport or physical activity also carries the potential for injury in children and adults. Here are some easy steps you can take to prevent the most common injuries. Warming-Up It is important that you do some type of aerobic exercise prior to participating in your sport of choice. Warm muscles are less likely to become strained or irritated. Stretching Once youve completed your warm-up, its critical that you stretch all of the muscles that you will be using. Stretching actually lengthens your muscles, making them less prone to injury. Dont Overdo It While sports and exercise can be both fun and healthy, dont overdo it. Listen to your body. When you feel pain, stop. When youre gasping for breath, stop. If you want to increase the amount of time you spend exercising or participating in a sport, increase the time gradually by approximately 10 percent per week. Play It Safe Being safe and understanding the rules of the sport are particularly important for children and adolescents. Make sure you and your children follow these guidelines to prevent any minor or serious injuries. 28.