英語(yǔ)集合名詞用法說明.doc

英語(yǔ)集合名詞用法說明 一、family類 family(家庭)，team(隊(duì))，class(班)，audience(聽眾)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：若視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義；若考慮其個(gè)體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較： This class consists of 45 pupils. 這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。 This class are reading English now. 這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在讀英語(yǔ)。 二、police類 cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特點(diǎn)為：只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)： People will laugh at you. 人們會(huì)笑你的。 The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 Many cattle were killed for this. 就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。 【注】表示牲畜的頭數(shù)，用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)：three head of cattle (3頭牛)，twenty (head of ) cattle (20頭牛)。 三、goods類 goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特點(diǎn)是：只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù))，但通常不與數(shù)詞連用： Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。 To whom do these goods belong? 這些貨是誰的？ 四、baggage類 baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩(shī)), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶), equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點(diǎn)為：是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎? 【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首詩(shī))，many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(許多機(jī)器)。 五、hair的用法 hair(頭發(fā)，毛發(fā))指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為集合名詞(不可數(shù))；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))： My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長(zhǎng)得很長(zhǎng)了。 The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。 六、mankind的用法 mankind(人類)是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不連用冠詞： This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項(xiàng)造福人類的發(fā)明。 Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。 【注】mankind 表示“人(類)”時(shí)，雖不可數(shù)，但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，尤其是當(dāng)其表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物。 七、fruit的用法 fruit(水果)作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的： He doesnt eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 He is growing fruit in the country. 他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果。 但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí)，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。比較： Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水果。 英語(yǔ)集合名詞用法說明，嘉興英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)收集整理 集合名詞的主謂一致詳解 集合名詞，也叫集體名詞，是英語(yǔ)中表示某一群人或某一類物的集合體。集合名詞的難點(diǎn)，主要在于其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致問題。 漢語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞因?yàn)闆]有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，所以我國(guó)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的集合名詞時(shí)，常常為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題大傷腦筋。筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，查閱了大量資料，總結(jié)出幾條規(guī)律，以饗讀者。 一、某些有生命的集合名詞（表示人或者動(dòng)物），本身有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。其為單數(shù)時(shí)，若作主語(yǔ)，則謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。主要依據(jù)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)而定，若強(qiáng)調(diào)許多個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)。其為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不言而喻，謂語(yǔ)必須用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：此類名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義并不完全相同，漢譯時(shí)一定要當(dāng)心。如army（一國(guó)之軍隊(duì)），armies（多國(guó)部隊(duì)）；couple（一對(duì)夫婦），couples（多對(duì)夫婦）；等。常見的此類集合名詞有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，clan，class，clique，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，會(huì)眾），council（市議會(huì)，理事會(huì)），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，fleet，flock，folk，gang，government，group，jury，kingdom ，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民）， union，university等。 1The staff isare hardworking 2The audience were moved to tears 3The lecturer draws large audiences 4The whole school was punished 5The class consists of 40 students 6This class are diligent 7The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it 8One tenth of the population of Egypt isare Christian 二、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：cattle，clergy，faculty（教職工）， herd，mankind，military，militia（民團(tuán)、民兵）， people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（豬），vermin，womankind等。 9There are three people waving at us 10The police havent arrived yet 11There are verm in here 12Some people are never satisfied 13The policemilitary have surrounded the building 【注】people作民族講時(shí)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are 56 peoples in China 三、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后可跟單復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：aristocracy，bourgeoisie（資產(chǎn)階級(jí)），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知識(shí)分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（無產(chǎn)階級(jí)），offspring，public，swarm，youth等。 14The youth today is are better off than we used to be 15Her offspring is are like her in every respect 16The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman 【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外，還可以作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。如： Youth is the tim e for action；age is the tim e for repose Som e youths dont like jazz 四、某些表示國(guó)家、公司、機(jī)構(gòu)、運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)等名稱的專有名詞也可當(dāng)作集合名詞使用，其后通常跟單復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：Arsenal，BBC，Congress，Krem lin， Liverpool，Macm illan，Netherlands，Parliament，Pentagon，Vatican（梵蒂岡），White House等。 17Arsenal is are playing well in this season 18Macmillan have has made a good profit this year 19The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican 20The Netherlands has have a monarchy 21The BBC is showing the program on Saturday 22Liverpool is leading 10 23Liverpool are attacking again 五、某些無生命的集合名詞（表示物）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被看成不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：aircraft，baggage， clothing，crockery，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（樹葉），footwear，furniture，glassware，hardware，hosiery，jewellery，luggage，machinery，merchandize，poetry，pottery，silverware，stationery，underclothing，underwear，vegetation，weaponry等。 24All the furniture in my room is new 25The merchandize has arrived undamaged 26There is not much vegetation in deserts 27The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped 28Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates 29The machinery is driven by electrici-ty 【過關(guān)演練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1The staff _（have）gone for their lunch 2The crews of several ships _（be）in port 3The present government，which hasnt been in power long，_（be）trying to control inflationIt isnt having much success 4The government，who _（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon 5The jury _（be）divided in opinion 6The committee _（have）held its fi