英語人教版八年級下冊Unit 10 Grammar Focus.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時教學(xué)設(shè)計一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：（一）知識目標(biāo)：1.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時這一語法項目，即have/has+動詞過去分詞。2.掌握利用現(xiàn)在完成時來談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷這一語言功能目標(biāo)。3.學(xué)會區(qū)別一般過去、現(xiàn)在完成時在時間上的不同。（二）能力目標(biāo)：1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能用現(xiàn)在完成時談?wù)撟约哼^去的經(jīng)歷，能夠正確地運用現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時。2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，開拓學(xué)生的視野，增強學(xué)生對外界知識的了解。3.結(jié)合教材內(nèi)容，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力。（三）情感教育目標(biāo)：1.使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)會交流、合作，增強英語的重要性意識和未來的職業(yè)意識、世界意識。2.使學(xué)生通過閱讀交流，獲得閱讀的快樂、促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)成就感。3.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察、思考，促進(jìn)認(rèn)識能力的發(fā)展。教學(xué)過程：（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動詞have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have。I have studiedHe/She has studied現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑問式簡單回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：1）since和for的區(qū)別since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8.for since2）表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說： He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 常見非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變v arrive/come/go to-be in die -be deadv become a -be a borrow -keep v Leave -be away buy -have 以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes.3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.4）現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yanan. 他們從未去過延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 1. have, seen, saw 2. H