人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)（復(fù)習(xí)課用）一 詞匯1.housework-合成詞，不可數(shù)名詞，homework,farmwork; do the housework;help mother do/with the housework2.hardly adv 幾乎不，否定詞，不與其它否定詞連用，帶有hardly句子，叫否定句Eg, Garry can hardly speak Chinese,_can he_?Eg, He _ rides a bike to school.He likes walking.A.often B.always C.usually D.hardly# 副詞不能修飾名詞，不能直接放在名詞前。Hardly +a/an+名詞單數(shù)；hardly +any +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞Eg,I can hardly see_ sheep on the hill.A. Some B.any C.an D.much# hardly ever=seldom 頻度副詞“幾乎不”三詞be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞之后，一詞（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）之前It hardly ever rains in the north of China in winter.He is hardly ever ill.3.ever 副詞，“曾經(jīng)”-反義詞never;Ever 常用于疑問句中，Have you ever been to China?4.次數(shù)表示法1），一次once,兩次twice -不規(guī)則2），三次 three times ,四次four times -三次以上：基數(shù)詞+times -twenty timesI have been to Hefei three times.# 對(duì)次數(shù)提問how many times # 次數(shù)+時(shí)間段 表示頻度 once a week;twice a month;three times a year.-提問how often5.Internet 首字母大寫，前加the,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上on the Internet.類似：on the radio/on TV,on the computer/on the phone6.full 1) adj 忙碌的-free-busy # 主語(yǔ)為時(shí)間Tomorrow is full for me.I will be busy tomorrow.2) adj 滿的-empty “空的”# be full of 里充滿了The room is full of smoke.# fill vt ,填滿，裝滿# be filled with里裝滿了3)adj “飽的”-hungry “饑餓的”Are you full?7.maybe 與may be 區(qū)別Maybe 副詞“也許”，放在句首Maybe he is a teacher.May be 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be 動(dòng)詞原形“也許是，可能是”作謂語(yǔ)，放在主語(yǔ)之后，He may be a teacher.8.least -little-less對(duì)比 much-more-mostEg, Can we do the _work with the _ money?A.less,more B.least ,most C.more,less D.most,leastAt least 至少+數(shù)字-at most 最多，至多Less than 不到，少于；more than 超過，多于=over9.junk food 不可數(shù)10.coffee,juice,milk,orange,water,teaA cup of coffee11.health n,健康-healthy adj 健康的名詞作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)放句首，賓語(yǔ)放動(dòng)詞或介詞之后）形容詞-名前系后形容詞；名詞前作定語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)；Eg, You should eat _ food .Its good for your _.Fruit and vegetables are very _.12.as a result 結(jié)果As a result, he was late for school.Here is the result.13.10%-ten percent-基數(shù)詞+percent ,沒有復(fù)數(shù)。# 百分?jǐn)?shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)看百分?jǐn)?shù)代替的名詞。Eg,50% of the students in our class _ from the countryside. A. is B.are C.comes14.shopping online;go online15. although 連詞“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，不與but 連用。Eg, _ he is very tired,_ he still works in the field.A.Although,/ B.Although,but C./,but # =though,可以互換。# 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句“主將從現(xiàn)”-主句將來(lái)時(shí)，從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Eg，We will go on working although it is rainy tomorrow.16.through-though對(duì)比Through 介詞“通過，穿過”從物體內(nèi)部穿過，Across “通過，穿過”從表面經(jīng)過,還含有從一邊到另一邊。Eg, Go _ the street and you can get to the post office.The light got into the room _ the window.The boys swim across the river.17.mind 1)n,頭腦，大腦，思維，思想Change ones mind 改變主意2） 動(dòng)詞“介意”Mind doing sth 介意做某事Do you mind opening the door?18. such 與so 區(qū)別都含有“如此的，這樣的”Such adj ,修飾名詞。-such a/an adj + 名詞單數(shù)Such + adj +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞Eg , I didnt see such a clever boy before.# so adv 修飾形容詞副詞。So + adj/advEg, The flowers are _ beautiful.These are _ beautiful flowers.# 例外：當(dāng)形容詞表示數(shù)量many/much/few/little 前面必用so.There are so many people in the supermarket.19.play together/lets go together20.die vi不及物動(dòng)詞“死亡”The old man died yesterday.# die of/from 死于# die 現(xiàn)在分詞dying,過去式died名詞death 形容詞dead “死的”dying “快要死的”The old mans _ made his children very sad.He has been _ for two days.He found a _ dog on the road last Sunday.21. write-writer;teach-teacher;dancer;worker;singerCleaner;22.dentist-doctor-nurse-hospital23.however 與but 區(qū)別都表示轉(zhuǎn)折“但是，然而”however 語(yǔ)氣弱。However 副詞，單獨(dú)使用，句首，句末，句中，加逗號(hào)隔開。She lives far from the school.However, she is never late for school.But 連詞，連接并列句，放在句首，后不加逗號(hào)。She lives far from the school，but she is never late for school.24.than 與thenThan 連詞“比”比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞He is taller than me.Then 副詞“那時(shí)，然后，接著” He got up at six,and then he washed his face.25.almost 副詞“幾乎，差不多”=nearlyAlmost 可以修飾所有否定詞no,not,nothing,no one;放在否定詞前。Nearly 一般不修飾否定詞，但可以修飾not 但要放在not 后。26.none 三三兩兩不定代詞“一個(gè)都沒有，沒有一個(gè)”# 后加of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/人稱代詞賓格-三者以上都沒有；None of the students in our class is from Japan.# none 一般不單用，但有上文，可指代上文的人或事物，可單用?？芍溉咭陨系娜嘶蚴挛铮部芍覆豢蓴?shù)名詞。Is there any milk in the fridge?-No,_.A.nothing B.no one C.none D.neitherNone 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，用How many 提問。- How many students are there in the classroom?-_A.No one B.None C. Nothing D.Nobody# no one /nobody 用who 提問。表示兩者中沒有一個(gè)-neither27. point n. “點(diǎn)，得分，分?jǐn)?shù)”1.1-one point onehave a point 有道理，give ones point 說(shuō)出某人觀點(diǎn)vi “指（點(diǎn)）”point to /at 指向二課文1.how often/ how long/how far /how soon/how many times1).how often “多久一次”問頻度-頻度副詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever,never;every day/week/year/month/hour/minute;次數(shù)+時(shí)段once a week;2).how long “多久，多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，多長(zhǎng)”-時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，物體長(zhǎng)度How long is the ruler?How long will you stay here?-For two days. how long 表示動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。-for+時(shí)段/since+從句/時(shí)間點(diǎn)。3).how far “多遠(yuǎn)”提問路程-A.基數(shù)詞+距離單位（kilometer,meter,mile）;B.時(shí)間段+交通方式（a.時(shí)間段s+walk/ride/drive/flight;b.時(shí)間段+介詞方式on foot/by bus /by train/by bike ）4).how soon “還要多久”從現(xiàn)在起還要多久才開始做某事-in + 時(shí)間段-一般將來(lái)時(shí)標(biāo)志。-How soon will Mr Smith come back?-In two days.5).how many times “多少次”提問次數(shù)Eg，-_ does your father exercise?-Every morning.-_ does he exercise?- Five times.-_ does he exercise?-For about half an hour.2.頻度副詞1）.alwaysusuallyOftensometimeshardly evernever2).位置： 三詞之后，一詞之前3）.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)標(biāo)志。Eg, He usually _ up at six.A.get B.gets C.got D.getting4) 提問用how often3.help sb with sth/help sb to do sth/help sb do sthEg, Jim often helps his mother _ the housework.A.does B do C.doing D.with do4.on weekends/on the weekend/at weekends/at the weekend5.go to movies/go to a movie/go to the movies/go to the movie/go to the cinema/see a film6.go shopping-go swimming/camping/boating/fishing/climbing/biking/hiking/dancing/skating7.watch TV 8.favorite 形容詞“特別喜愛的，最喜愛的”前面必有形容詞性物主代詞或者名詞所有格。My favorite subject is English.9.next week/year/month/Sunday/October/winter-將來(lái)時(shí)標(biāo)志詞-last week/year/month-過去時(shí)10.How come? 怎么會(huì)這樣？11.have/take piano lessons/classes12.what kind of哪種.A kind of一種.Two kinds ofAll kinds of各種各樣的Many different kinds of許多不同種類的13.在星期幾o(hù)n on Monday/Tuesday具體某一天用on ;具體某一天某段時(shí)間on ;on Sunday morningAt 表示時(shí)刻 at 5:0014.have to 必須，不得不，加動(dòng)