英語過去完成時的用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)題附答案.xls

第 1 頁 共 28 頁 點擊朗誦16國外語 需要啟用宏后才能使用朗誦功能 啟用方法 先啟用編輯 然后啟用宏內(nèi)容 2003版啟用方法如下 工具 宏 安全性 低或中 重啟文檔 啟用宏 3 1 3 5 4 不會啟用宏 點擊查看幫助 請根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇以下語種 再點擊單詞朗誦 祝你學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步 1 en 過去完成時 past perfect 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成 了的動作或狀態(tài) 它表示句子中描述的動作發(fā)生在 過去的過去 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 had 過去分詞vpp done 肯定句 主語 had 過去分詞 否定句 主語 had not 過去分詞 一般疑問句 Had 主語 過去分詞 肯定回答 Yes 主語 had 否定回答 No 主語 had not 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞或詞組 一般疑問句 Had 主語 過去分詞 基本用法 英語韓國語法語日語德語葡萄牙語西班牙語阿拉伯語 瑞典語南非荷蘭語捷克語泰語越南語中文世界語塞爾維亞語 第 2 頁 共 28 頁 1 表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作 也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于 過去的動 作 即 過去的過去 可以用by before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示 也可以用一 個表示過去的動作來表示 還可能通過上下文來表示 例如 By nine o clock last night we had got 200 pictures from th e spaceship 到昨晚9點鐘 我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片 2 表示由過去的某一時刻開始 一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài) 常 和for si nce構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用 例如 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finall y came 當(dāng)車來的時候 我在車站已等了20分鐘 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作 3 敘述過去發(fā)生的事情 在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后 反過來追述或補(bǔ)述 以前發(fā)生 的動作時 常使用過去完成時 例如 Mr Smith died yesterday He had been a good friend of mine 史密斯先生昨天去世了 他以前是我的好友 I didn t know a thing about the verbs for I had not studied my lesson 我對動詞一無所知 因為我沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課 4 在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中 如果敘述的是過去的事 先發(fā)生的動作常 用過去 完成時 例如 I returned the book that I had borrowed 我已歸還了我借的書 She found the key that she had lost 第 3 頁 共 28 頁 她丟失的鑰匙找到了 5 過去完成時常常用在told said knew heard thought等動詞后的賓語從 句 或間接 引語 中 這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前 例如 He said that he had known her well 他說他很熟悉她 I thought I had sent the letter a week before 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了 6 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā) 生的兩個動作中 發(fā)生在前 用過去完成時 發(fā)生 在后 用一般過去時 如when before after as soon as till until引導(dǎo)的 例如 When I woke up it had already stopped raining 我醒來時雨已停了 She didn t go to bed until she had finished her work 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺 注意 如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生 則常常不用過去完成時 特別是在包含befor e和aft er的復(fù)合句中 因為 這 時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確 這時可以 用一般過去時代替過去完成時 例如 After he arrived in England Marx worked hard to improve his English 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后 努力提高他的英語水平 7 動詞think want hope mean plan intend等用過去完成時來表示過 去未曾實現(xiàn) 的想法 希望 打算或意圖等 例如 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time 第 4 頁 共 28 頁 他們本來打算去幫忙 但沒有及時趕到那里 We had hoped to be able to come and see you 我們本來希望能來看看你 8 過去完成時還可用在hardly when no sooner than It was the f irst sec ond etc time that 等固定句型中 例如 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted h im 他剛開始演講 聽眾就打斷了他 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again 他剛到就又走了 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了 時間狀語 before when after by until once had no sooner than yet alre ady等 過去完成時 語法判定 1 由時間狀語來判定 一般說來 各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語 與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有 1 by 過去的時間點 如 I had finished reading the novel by nine o clock last night 2 by the end of 過去的時間點 如 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term 3 before 過去的時間點 如 第 5 頁 共 28 頁 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday 2 由 過去的過去 來判定 過去完成時表示 過去的過去 是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作 即動作有 先后關(guān)系 動作在前的用過去完成時 在后的用一般過去時 這種用法常出現(xiàn)在 1 賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時 且從句的動作先于主 句的動作時 從句要用過去完成時 在told said knew heard thought等動詞后的賓語從句 如 She said that she had seen the film before 2 狀語從句中 在時間 條件 原因 方式等狀語從句中 主 從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系 動 作在前的 要用過去完成時 動作在后的要用一般過去時 如 After he had finished his homework he went to bed 注意 before after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中 由于 before 和 after 本身 已表達(dá)了動作 的先后關(guān)系 若主 從句表示的動作緊密相連 則主 從句都用一般過去時 如 After he closed the door he left the classroom 3 表示意向的動詞 如hope wish expect think intend mean sup pose等 用過 去完成時表示 原本 未能 We had hoped that you would come but you didn t 3 根據(jù)上 下文來判定 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday We hadn t seen each other since he w ent to Beijing 過去完成時 語法區(qū)別 第 6 頁 共 28 頁 一 過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去 以現(xiàn)在的時間為基點 但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié) 果或造成的 影響 與現(xiàn)在有關(guān) 其結(jié)構(gòu)為 助動詞 have has 過去分詞 過去完成時 則是一個相對的 時態(tài) 以過去時間為基點 它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去 更強(qiáng)調(diào) 過去的過去 只有和過 去某時或某動作相比較時 才用到它 比較 I have learned 1000 English words so far 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會 了 1000 個 英語單詞 I had learned 1000 English words till then 到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞 I m sorry to keep you waiting 對不起 讓你久等了 Oh not at all I have been here only a few minutes 沒什么 我只 等了幾分鐘 等 的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 二 過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾 點 1 時間狀語不同 過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào) 過去的過去 而一般過去時只 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一 特定的時間 比較 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday They arrived at the station at ten yesterday 2 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時 謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù) 上下文來 判斷 先發(fā)生的用過去完成時 后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時 She was very happy Her whole family were pleased with her too She had just won the first in the composition competition 3 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上 接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時 按時間順序 只需用一般 過去時來代替過去完成時 另外 在 before after as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從 句中 由于 第 7 頁 共 28 頁 這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后 因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時 He entered the room turned on the light and read an evening paper 過去完成時專項練習(xí) 一 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 We paint the house before we move in 2 That rich old man make a will before he die 3 They study the map of the country before they leave 4 The robbers run away before the policemen arrive 5 I turn off all the lights before I go to bed 6 Paul go out with Jane after he make a phone call 7 Tom say he read the book twice 8 Our plan fail because we make a bad mistake 9 When the chairman finish speaking he leave the hall 10 The Reads have lunch when I get to their house 11 When I arrive at the station he leave 12 We learn about 4000 English words by the end of last term 13 I waited until he finish his homework 14 We were surprised at what she already do 15 She not go to Qingdao because she be there before 第 8 頁 共 28 頁 16 He not tell you the news yet 17 He said he already give the book to the teacher 18 I be to Shanghai before 19 She told me she be to Sanya three times 20 She play the guitar while her sister sing 二 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1 I had sold the ticket when she came 改否定句 2 She had sung a song to us before she danced 改否定句 3 They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the foo d and drinks 否定 4 By 10 00 a m I had been very hungry 改一般疑問 5 Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived 改一般疑問 6 By the time he got to the airport the plane had taken off 改一 般疑問 7 He had broken his arm when I saw him 對劃線部分提問 8 When he had read the note he ate it 對劃線部分提問 第 9 頁 共 28 頁 9 Jack didn t go to the cinema because he had seen the film 對 劃線部分提問 10 We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the chil d 對劃線部分提問 11 She had written the book by the end of 1960 對劃線部分提問 12 We cooked the dumplings We ate them up 用過去完成時連接兩句 13 Jim s father mended the car It was broken 用過去完成時連接兩 句 14 We had our tests Then we had a long holiday 用過去完成時連接兩 句 After we we 15 He showed us the picture Then he showed us around the house 用 過去完成時連接兩句 Before he he 第 10 頁 共 28 頁 第 11 頁 共 28 頁 參考答案 一 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 had painted moved 2 had made died 3 had studied left 4 had run away arrived 5 had turned off went 6 went had made 7 said had read 8 failed had made 9 had finished left 10 were having had had got 11 arrived had left 12 had learned 13 had finished 第 12 頁 共 28 頁 14 had done 15 didn t go had been 16 hasn t told 17 had given 18 have been 19 had been 20 was playing was singing 二 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1 I hadn t sold the ticket when she came 2 She hadn t sung a song to us before she danced 3 They didn t begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks 4 Had you been very hungry by 10 00 a m 5 Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet 6 Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport 7 What had he done when you saw him 8 What did he do when he had read the note 9 Why didn t Jack go to the cinema 10 How long ha