金融支持、新型農(nóng)村金融機構創(chuàng)新與三農(nóng)發(fā)展.doc

.一、背景介紹近些年來，我國不斷出臺了一系列政策來鼓勵農(nóng)村金融創(chuàng)新，推動農(nóng)村金融市場發(fā)展。積極依靠金融創(chuàng)新來提高農(nóng)村資金的供給力度正成為我國農(nóng)村金融改革的目標和方向。在一系列政策的鼓勵下，我國農(nóng)村金融機構創(chuàng)新正在快速邁進，各種新型農(nóng)村金融機構也隨著不斷出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展。村鎮(zhèn)銀行、農(nóng)村資金互助組、小額貸款公司等農(nóng)村金融機構不斷出現(xiàn)。新型農(nóng)村金融機構的不斷出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展，在很大程度上有效改善了農(nóng)村的金融服務質量，提高了三農(nóng)資金的扶持力度，同時對于提高農(nóng)村金融服務水平，進一步農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展都發(fā)揮了積極作用。同時，小額貸款公司等農(nóng)村金融機構也有效引導了民間資本在涉農(nóng)領域開展業(yè)務，實現(xiàn)“銀小”合作，積極發(fā)揮自身在大資金以及小客戶之間的橋梁紐帶作用。新型農(nóng)村金融機構的發(fā)展，能夠有效改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)的金融市場結構，并進一步降低相關金融產(chǎn)品的供應成本。同時，發(fā)展新型農(nóng)村金融機構也有助于創(chuàng)新金融產(chǎn)品，進而在不同的農(nóng)村地區(qū)使用不同的金融產(chǎn)品，符合當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟社會發(fā)展需求。尤其是當前，伴隨著我國農(nóng)村金融機構的不斷創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展，金融市場對于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟增長、農(nóng)業(yè)技術進步以及農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟收入增加都發(fā)揮了比較重要的推動作用。二、金融支持、新型農(nóng)村金融機構創(chuàng)新與三農(nóng)發(fā)展關系分析就農(nóng)村金融支持跟農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟扶貧之間的關系來講，主要是圍繞以下幾個方面來進行研究。依靠對農(nóng)村小額信貸的扶貧模式分析，能夠進一步總結農(nóng)村小額信貸扶貧模式的運作條件以及運作機制等。通過研究農(nóng)村發(fā)展歷史數(shù)據(jù)，并依靠它作為研究樣本來對農(nóng)村金融改革以及金融支農(nóng)的關系進行研究，明確進一步強化農(nóng)村金融機構在支農(nóng)方面的支持就需要健全完善公共財政體系，并在此基礎上進一步發(fā)揮金融支農(nóng)的效用和功能。除此之外，農(nóng)村地區(qū)小額信貸對于當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟社會發(fā)展也具有重要的推動作用，需要明確的是，小額信貸對于不同收入水平的家庭來講，所產(chǎn)生的影響存在著比較大的差異，但是在提高農(nóng)村貧困人口收入方面能夠發(fā)揮比較大的積極作用。農(nóng)村金融機構的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展能夠推動農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會的持續(xù)發(fā)展，對于服務三農(nóng)、提高農(nóng)民收入都具有重要意義。不過長時間以來，我國的農(nóng)村地區(qū)一直都存在著金融機構網(wǎng)點比較少、農(nóng)村金融信貸能力比較薄弱的問題，這已經(jīng)成為制約農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一個很重要因素。伴隨著我國2006年開啟的農(nóng)村金融體制改革，我國對于農(nóng)村金融市場的準入門檻逐漸放寬，正逐步允許包括信貸公司、村鎮(zhèn)銀行、小額貸款公司以及資金互助組等相關的新型農(nóng)村金融機構在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開設和發(fā)展。對于農(nóng)村金融市場來講，農(nóng)村企業(yè)以及生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者最主要的融資方式還是間接融資。正是由于間接融資的重要性，銀行等金融中介在篩選、監(jiān)督以及時候貸款收回中都對資金使用者起著非常重要的作用。在農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中，農(nóng)村銀行等相關的金融機構發(fā)展直接關系著農(nóng)村地區(qū)廣大生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者的融資水平。跟城市的企業(yè)融資相比較，農(nóng)村地區(qū)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者跟企業(yè)的規(guī)模常常比較小，中小型企業(yè)居多。同時農(nóng)村企業(yè)自身的融資特點以及發(fā)展狀況也在很大程度上決定了它們信貸需求的要求以及特點等。農(nóng)村金融機構創(chuàng)新不足、同質化現(xiàn)象嚴重、金融機構較少，這些都在很大程度上對農(nóng)村的金融供給造成了制約和影響，并進一步降低了農(nóng)村地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟增長和貸款規(guī)模的增長。從這個角度上講，對農(nóng)村金融進行必要的創(chuàng)新，提高自身的競爭能力，完善金融服務體系可以有效推動農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。農(nóng)村金融機構的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新對于提高農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟收入也有著很大的關系。農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展可以從多個角度和方面影響農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟收入。金融體系完善和發(fā)展能夠有效推動技術的進步和創(chuàng)新，這有利于經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展。同時，農(nóng)村金融市場能夠切實推動農(nóng)村儲蓄投資轉化水平，進而提升和改善農(nóng)村資金的投資使用效益，進而從根本上推動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，提高農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟收入。一般來講，農(nóng)村金融體系的規(guī)模以及深化程度的提高跟農(nóng)村收入水平以及農(nóng)村資本之間具有較高的正相關關系，通過比較研究我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平可以發(fā)現(xiàn)金融發(fā)展在一定程度上是有助于農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟收入提高的。三、進一步強化金融對三農(nóng)支持的建議措施第一，進一步深化農(nóng)村金融體制改革，積極完善和構建農(nóng)村金融市場。對于三農(nóng)建設和發(fā)展來講，健全完善的農(nóng)村金融市場具有重要的支持和保障意義。這就需要在此基礎上進一步加深農(nóng)村金融服務體系改革，完善金融市場，強化農(nóng)村金融服務在三農(nóng)中的支持作用。就我國的農(nóng)村金融體系而言，中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行以及農(nóng)村信用社是整個金融體系的主要組成部分，這三者在服務三農(nóng)，支持農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮著不同的職能和作用，同時也在履行著各自的責任以及義務。伴隨著我國農(nóng)村金融體制改革的進一步深化以及我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展，這三大農(nóng)村金融機構應當圍繞三農(nóng)發(fā)展的實際需求和自身的功能和職責定位，進一步完善其功能，在此基礎上為農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供更好的支持和保障。中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行應當積極圍繞農(nóng)村發(fā)展需要，進行金融產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，滿足農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展資金需求，積極跟國際接軌，實施商業(yè)化發(fā)展道路，在滿足三農(nóng)發(fā)展需求前提下走市場發(fā)展道路，以便能夠為三農(nóng)的發(fā)展提供更為有利的服務支持。同時，中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行需要進一步發(fā)揮自身作為政策性銀行的金融支持作用，在農(nóng)村環(huán)境建設以及農(nóng)村基礎設施建設方面貢獻更大的力量。農(nóng)村信用社需要積極跟進國際形勢，依靠自身立足農(nóng)村、體系完善的優(yōu)勢，進一步減少其手續(xù)繁瑣、效率低下的潛在弊病，在服務三農(nóng)發(fā)展、支持農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮更大的建設性作用。 第二，嚴格管控農(nóng)村金融機構的資金流動情況，切實保障三農(nóng)資金的科學運用。對于資本市場來講，資本是其中最重要的因素之一，同時資本本身具有追利性的特點，這也在一定程度上導致農(nóng)村金融市場上資金配置不夠合理，農(nóng)村資金流失現(xiàn)象較為嚴重。這不僅不利于三農(nóng)發(fā)展的資金需求，難以滿足農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者的發(fā)展，同時對于國家以及政府部門對農(nóng)村的金融管控都產(chǎn)生了一定的負面影響。正是基于此，國家應當站在宏觀經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的角度，認真對待農(nóng)村金融機構的資金流動，對農(nóng)村金融機構的資金流向進行科學管控，在此基礎上切實保障農(nóng)村金融機構的相關資金能夠為三農(nóng)發(fā)展提供支持和保障，在保障自身經(jīng)濟效益的同時推動農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，繁榮農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟，真正實現(xiàn)為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展提供金融支持和服務。第三，進一步加快農(nóng)村金融創(chuàng)新步伐。金融創(chuàng)新是推動自身發(fā)展進一步的重要手段和途徑。當前，我國農(nóng)村金融市場相對比較落后，金融產(chǎn)品以及金融服務品種都比較少，金融工具在推動三農(nóng)發(fā)展方面也缺少必要的支持和保障。正是基于此，要強化農(nóng)村金融機構對于三農(nóng)的支持和幫扶，就需要對農(nóng)村金融進行必要的創(chuàng)新，包括金融機構以及金融產(chǎn)品等。農(nóng)村金融機構應當圍繞農(nóng)村金融服務需求，結合自身發(fā)展，積極創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村金融品種和服務，不斷增加金融工具以及金融產(chǎn)品的種類，推動農(nóng)村金融市場的發(fā)展。農(nóng)村金融機構需要結合農(nóng)村發(fā)展實際，圍繞農(nóng)村資金需求，積極推出滿足農(nóng)村金融需求的貸款種類以及儲蓄品種等，同時還需要積極拓寬農(nóng)村金融服務的范圍和層面，將金融服務從原先的信貸支持逐漸向多層次、多角度進行擴展，依靠手段創(chuàng)先推動農(nóng)村金融市場發(fā)展，積極支持新農(nóng)村建設。第四，進一步加大農(nóng)村金融政策的扶持力度，依靠政策融合積極發(fā)揮商業(yè)銀行以及政策性銀行的推動作用。對于農(nóng)村金融機構來講，受制于農(nóng)業(yè)本身所具有的弱質性特點，導致其在提供農(nóng)村金融服務時常常周期比較長、收益率比較低，因此對于農(nóng)村金融機構應當給予一定的政策扶持以及資金支持。相關金融主管部門應當結合農(nóng)村實際，依據(jù)具體情況進行具體的政策研究和制定，積極改革現(xiàn)有的信貸管理機制，加大資金和政策扶持力度，進一步放寬金融審批條件，制定出相應的貸款額度，降低貸款門檻，切實減輕農(nóng)村金融機構以及農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者的貸款負擔。同時，伴隨著農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟收入的增加以及農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展，農(nóng)村金融機構應當在原先的金融服務基礎上進一步創(chuàng)新，提供更多的惠農(nóng)金融項目，積極發(fā)揮涉農(nóng)政策性銀行以及商業(yè)銀行的職能和作用，并逐步提高經(jīng)濟效益。依靠政策融合，切實優(yōu)化商業(yè)銀行和政策性銀行的職能，實現(xiàn)功能和資源的優(yōu)化組合，更好地服務農(nóng)村金融和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。第五，擴展農(nóng)村金融機構的類型，并切實規(guī)范民間金融機構的發(fā)展。進一步擴展農(nóng)村金融機構，尤其是中小金融機構的類型有助于活躍農(nóng)村金融市場，對于推動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有重要意義。應當在規(guī)范管理的基礎上，進一步增加農(nóng)村金融機構的類型和種類，實現(xiàn)三農(nóng)服務形式的多樣化。應當進一步降低農(nóng)村金融市場的準入門檻，積極發(fā)展多種形式的農(nóng)村金融機構，放寬民間資本金融農(nóng)村金融市場的限制條件和約束。發(fā)展中小型農(nóng)村金融機構，積極吸引民間資本創(chuàng)辦金融機構和組織，為三農(nóng)發(fā)展和農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者提供形式多樣的金融服務支持，依托民間金融機構補充現(xiàn)有金融機構的不足，積極推動農(nóng)村金融市場的發(fā)展和完善，并逐步提高其規(guī)范性，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村資金的合理流動和優(yōu)化配置。第六，進一步優(yōu)化農(nóng)村金融信用環(huán)境，切實推動農(nóng)村金融生態(tài)環(huán)境的良性發(fā)展。為了保障發(fā)展模式的良性循環(huán)，應當積極圍繞農(nóng)村金融特點建立完善相應的還款信用體系，進一步提升農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者的信用意識和觀念，優(yōu)化農(nóng)村金融信貸的環(huán)境和氛圍。在此基礎上，進一步健全和完善農(nóng)村金融風險防范機制，切實規(guī)避和防范農(nóng)村信貸違約風險。除此之外，還應當緊密結合農(nóng)業(yè)保險，實現(xiàn)業(yè)務上的優(yōu)化組合，切實降低金融風險。實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民、農(nóng)業(yè)跟農(nóng)村金融機構之間的和諧相處，實現(xiàn)三方互贏，切實推進農(nóng)村金融機構在推動農(nóng)村發(fā)展、服務農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟、提高農(nóng)民收入方面的積極作用。總的來講，金融支持能夠有效提高農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，依靠農(nóng)村金融機構創(chuàng)新可以改善農(nóng)村金融市場結構，推動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟增長，提高農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟收入，對于服務三農(nóng)，滿足農(nóng)村經(jīng)營生產(chǎn)者的資金需求都具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。First, the background introductionIn recent years, our country has promulgated a series of policies to encourage rural financial innovation, and promote the development of rural financial market. Relying on financial innovation to improve the supply of rural funds is becoming the goal and direction of Chinas rural financial reform. Under the encouragement of a series of policies, the innovation of rural financial institutions in our country is rapidly moving forward, and various new rural financial institutions are also emerging and developing. Rural banks, rural mutual funds, small loan companies and other rural financial institutions continue to appear. New rural financial institutions continue to emerge and development, in a large extent can effectively improve the rural financial service quality, improve the support of funds in agriculture, also to improve the level of financial services in rural areas further rural economic and social development play positive role. At the same time, small loan companies and rural financial institutions also effectively guide the private capital in the field of agriculture related business, to realize the silver cooperation, itself as a bridge between the big money and small customers link play an active role.The development of new rural financial institutions can effectively improve the structure of financial market in rural areas, and further reduce the cost of the relevant financial products. At the same time, the development of new rural financial institutions also contribute to innovative financial products, and then in different rural areas using different financial products, in line with the local economic and social development needs. Especially at present, with the continuous innovation and development of Chinas rural financial institutions, financial markets for rural economic growth, technological advances in agriculture and increasing the income of farmers play an important role in promoting.Two, financial support, the new rural financial institutions and the relationship between the development of agriculture and rural developmentIn terms of the relationship between rural financial support and rural economic poverty alleviation, the main focus is on the following aspects. Rely on rural microfinance model of poverty alleviation, to further summarize the rural microfinance poverty alleviation mode of operation conditions and operation mechanism, etc. Through the study of the history of the development of countryside data and rely on it as the research sample of rural financial reform and financial support of the relationship, clear to further strengthen the rural financial institutions in terms of agriculture support will need to improve and perfect the public finance system and on thisbasis, further play the utility and function of financial support for agriculture. In addition, micro credit in rural areas for local economic and social development also has an important role, is to be clear, microfinance for families of different income levels, generated by the impact exist relatively large differences, but to increase the income of the rural poor population can play a positive role in a relatively large.The innovation and development of rural financial institutions can promote the sustainable development of economy and society in rural areas, which is of great significance for the service of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. But for a long time, Chinas rural areas there have always been problems of the network of financial institutions is relatively small, the relatively weak capacity of rural financial credit, which has become a constraining rural economic development an important factor. Along with the rural financial system reform in China 2006 opening, in our country, the rural financial market access threshold gradually relaxed, is gradually allow including credit companies, village banks, small loan companies and mutual fund group of new rural financial institutions in rural areas the opening and development. For the rural financial market, rural enterprises and production operators are the most important financing method or indirect financing. It is precisely because of the importance of indirect financing, banks and other financial intermediaries in the screening, supervision, and time to recover the loan funds are playing a very important role in the user. In the process of rural economic development, the development of rural banks and other related financial institutions is directly related to the level of financing of the vast number of producers and operators in the rural areas. Compared with the citys corporate finance, the scale of production operators and enterprises in rural areas is often relatively small, the majority of small and medium enterprises. At the same time, the financing characteristics and development situation of the rural enterprises have also decided to a great extent the requirements and characteristics of their credit demand and so on. Rural financial institutions lack of innovation, serious homogenization phenomenon, the financial institutions and less. These are in a great extent of rural financial supply caused restrict and influence, and further reduce the growth of the economic growth and the size of the loan in rural areas. From this point of view, the necessary innovation of rural finance, improve their competitive ability, improve the financial service system can effectively promote the economic development in rural areas.The development and innovation of rural financial institutions also