小升初英語冠詞的用法

英語冠詞的用法一、冠詞的基本概念冠詞，是用來表示名詞特性的一種詞。冠詞與名詞是緊密連在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么詞，都變成了名詞。所以，冠詞就是放在名詞前面的一種詞。使用冠詞有三種基本情況：1、用a / ana / an 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示這個(gè)人或事物是泛指的不確定的一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于中文的“一個(gè)”。注意：可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞前，必須要用a / an 或the. 我們不能說 boy, desk, dog，而必須說 a boy / the boy.a 用在讀音為輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 用在讀音為元音開頭的名詞之前。注意：這里指的是“讀音”，而不僅僅指字母。例如：a university 一所大學(xué) (雖然u 是元音字母，但不讀元音。)an hour 一個(gè)小時(shí) (雖然h 不是元音，但單詞讀音是元音開頭)I dont feel well today. Im going to have _X-ray check.This is _interesting book. Ive read it for _hour.另外，a / an 也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前面，這時(shí)，這個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞就變成了可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞，意義上也有變化。例如：glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯 / wood 木頭, a wood 一片樹林power威力, a power大國 / beauty 美麗, a beauty美人, 美的事物2、用thethe 相當(dāng)于this/that 或these / those，總的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最廣，不管是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都可以用the. 具體用法見下面的講解。3、不用冠詞有的時(shí)候，名詞前面不用任何冠詞，沒有a / an / the. 有的書上稱為零冠詞。1. 不可數(shù)名詞前可以不用冠詞，2. 可數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞也可以不用，3. 還有一些習(xí)慣用法上不需要用。泛指的表達(dá)方法1. 不可數(shù)名詞不加冠詞表示泛指。 Life is hard some time. 生活有時(shí)會(huì)很艱難。辨析：the writer is writing a book about the life of blacks in America. I love music and art.辨析：I dont like the film, but I like the music.練習(xí)：I love cheese. I love the cheese._water and air are the most important to us.2. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加冠詞表示泛指。復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞一樣，在表示泛指時(shí)不可與定冠詞the連用，如果與the連用則表示特指。Books are becoming more and more expensive.Move the books off that chair and sit down.Tigers are dangerous animals.The tigers are sleeping in the cage.練習(xí)：I am afraid of dogs. I am afraid of the dogs._boys often love to play _ football.3. 單數(shù)名詞可與定冠詞連用表示泛指，4. 單數(shù)名詞可與不定冠詞連用表示泛指。A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對(duì)人類有用。A bird can fly. 鳥會(huì)飛。A steel worker makes steel. 煉鋼工人煉鋼_horse is _ useful animal.4、用來泛指某人、某物或地方。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個(gè)小孩來找你。I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店買的這件工具。We need a car now. 我們現(xiàn)在需要一輛車。She is ill,she has to see a doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。_man is waiting for you at the school gate.下面，詳細(xì)講一個(gè)冠詞的用法。二、不定冠詞的用法:1、表示某一類人或某。事物中的任何一個(gè), 通常在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí)用a / an，以表示與其他事物的區(qū)別。I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天給了他一本書。I am reading an interesting story. 我在讀一本有趣的故事書。I have got a ticket. 我有一張票。There is a tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵樹。This is _ sheep , not _goat.There are_ apple trees over there.2、用在事物的度量單位前, 表示 每一個(gè)。We often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。I went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次圖書館。The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆賣三毛錢一斤。We go to school five days _week._ doctor told me to take _medicine three time_day.3 、構(gòu)成某些特定的詞組。例如：a few 幾個(gè)， a little 有點(diǎn)，等等。She has a few friends in this city. 她在這個(gè)城市中有幾個(gè)朋友。There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有點(diǎn)牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在教室里。三、定冠詞的用法1、定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的書包是我的。Is this the book you are looking for? 這是你要找的書嗎?Do you know the man in back? 你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎？It is not the car we are looking for. 這不是我們要找的車。The man has found his child. 那個(gè)人找到了他的孩子。2、如果第一次提到某人或事物的時(shí)候，用a / an，那么以后再提到的話，就變成特指的人或事物了。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan. 我從新華書店買了一本書. 這本書值十五元。I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight oclock. 我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束的。Lucy bought a radio yesterday,but she found something was wrong with the radio.露西昨天買了一臺(tái)收音機(jī)，但是她發(fā)現(xiàn)收音機(jī)有問題。3、定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。這些事物當(dāng)然是特指的事物，不可能有兩個(gè)以上。the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe worldthe winter nightThe sun is bigger than the moon. 太陽比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。Which is the biggest? _sun, _moon or _earth? _ sun rises in _ east.4、定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用, 也可以表示這一類人或事物。The dog is not too danger. 狗不太危險(xiǎn)。The cat is an animal. 貓是一種動(dòng)物。The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season. 這個(gè)季節(jié)商店里的雨傘很便宜。5、定冠詞與形容詞連用, 可表示某一類人或事物。這可看作是省略了名詞的用法。The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受傷者被送到了醫(yī)院。He always helps the poor. 他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。The deaf can go to this special school. 耳聾者可以進(jìn)這所特殊學(xué)校上學(xué)。注意：the 用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前, 表示一家人。 The Greens is very kind to us. 格林一家人待我們很好。The Whites like the classic music. 懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。6、其它需要用the 的情況語法: 零冠詞一、概念冠詞是一個(gè)虛詞，本身無詞義，也不能單獨(dú)使用，它用在名詞之前，限定名詞的意義。冠詞可分為定冠詞，不定冠詞和零冠詞三類。二、零冠詞的用法：（Zero Article）1. “人名、地名、國名”等專有名詞前通常不用冠詞： 1). Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng 2). Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris 3). England; China; Germany; South AfricaMy book is on _Lileis desk. Yours is on _ teachers desk.Where is _ Wuhan ? Its in _ Hubei._Chang jiang River is the longest river in China.但如后有定語修飾表特指，需加定冠詞：1). He is not longer the Brown we knew ten years ago. 他不是我們十年前認(rèn)識(shí)的那個(gè)布朗。2). The Beijing of today is different from what it was. 今天的北京不同與從前的北京了。2. “街名、廣場名、公園名、大學(xué)名”等專有名詞前通常不用冠詞： 1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路 2). Tian An Men Square 天安門廣場 3). Pei Hai Park 北海公園; Hyde Park海德公園 4). Beijing University 北京大學(xué); Zhejiang University 浙江大學(xué)但也可說：the University of Beijing; the University of Zhejiang3. 正職或表示獨(dú)一無二的官銜，職位，稱號(hào)”的專有名詞作表語、補(bǔ)語、介詞的賓語或同位語時(shí)，前一般不加冠詞：The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國人送到李將軍那里。Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864.In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.We made him head of our class.但這個(gè)名詞后有短語“of”時(shí)，有時(shí)也可加“the”：He is (the) captain of the basketball team. 他是籃球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長。He is chairman of the Students Union. 他是學(xué)生會(huì)主席。They elected him president of the U.S. 他們選他當(dāng)美國總統(tǒng)。如不是獨(dú)一的要加不定冠詞：She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英語教師。4. “個(gè)體名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表泛指一類人或事物時(shí)不用冠詞： 1). My mother and father are school teachers. 我母親和父親都是教師。 2). Horses are useful animals. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。5. “抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞”表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞： 1). Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。 2). Man cannot live without water.人離開水就無法生存。 3). He is fond of music. 他喜歡音樂。I think _Maths is more popular than any other subject.Im trying to learn _English.但如后有定語修飾表特指，需加定冠詞： 1). The news that you heard is true. 你聽到的消息是真的。 2). The water in this well is fit to drink. 這口井里的水能喝。 3). The music of the film is very beautiful. 這部影片的音樂很動(dòng)聽。6. “節(jié)日、季節(jié)”“年份、月份、星期、日期”等名詞前不用冠詞： 1). New Years Day 新年，元旦; Womens Day 婦女節(jié); Labour Day 勞動(dòng)節(jié); Childrens Day 兒童節(jié); April FoolsDay 愚人節(jié); National Day 國慶節(jié); Thanksgiving Day falls on the 4th Thursday in November.感恩節(jié)在每年十一月的第四個(gè)星期四。 Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié); 但我國的節(jié)日前用定冠詞： the Spring Festival 春節(jié); the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋節(jié) 2). in spring (summer, autumn, winter) Winter has come, is spring still far away? 冬天來了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？ 但如后有定語修飾表特指，需加定冠詞： in the spring of 1945 一九四五年的春季in 1988; in August; on Thursday; on August 8thWe go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。The best time to come to China is in _spring or _autumn.He was born in _December of 1980. 8. “一日三餐”等名詞前不用冠詞： have breakfast (lunch, supper) I have breakfast at 7 every day.但如前面有形容詞修飾，需用不定冠詞；后面有定語修飾，需用定冠詞： He had a big breakfast today. 他今天吃了頓豐盛的早餐。 The breakfast he had today was good. 他今天吃的早餐不錯(cuò)。9. 球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不用冠詞： 1). play football (basketball; volleyball; tennis; tennis ball) 2). play chess10. 當(dāng)“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship, plane”等與“by”連用，表示一種交通手段時(shí)，不用冠詞： by bus，by train； He goes to work by bike. 他騎車去上班。 Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飛機(jī)還是坐火車回來的？“by water, by land, by sea, by air”以及“on foot, on horseback”也屬同種情況： She said they would go there by air. 她說他們將坐飛機(jī)去那兒。 Two men on horseback nothing else. 有兩個(gè)人在馬背上，別的一無所有。但當(dāng)這些名詞特指某一交通工具時(shí)，則要與冠詞連用： The assistant went on a bike. 助手騎一輛自行車出去了。 After the school the girl returned home on the 9:30 train. 放學(xué)后，這女孩坐9：30的火車回家去。He often goes to _ school by _bike.11. 一些固定詞組中：go to bed, go to school, by bus, at night三、在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別：1. in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范圍內(nèi)的前部2. 有些個(gè)體名詞“school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court”等詞表“深層含義”不用冠詞： go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在