shall和should的用法.doc

1. shall在疑問(wèn)句中的用法。在疑問(wèn)句中用于征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，主要用于第一人稱(在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，也用于第三人稱)，其意為“要不要”、“好嗎”：Shall I get you a chair for you? 要不要我給你拿把椅子來(lái)?What shall we do this evening? 我們今天晚上做什么呢？Shall the boy come at once? 要不要這孩子馬上來(lái)?2. shall在陳述句中的用法。在陳述句表示說(shuō)話者的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人稱：You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)That day shall come那一天一定會(huì)來(lái)。That day shall come(表必然性)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 告訴他這本書(shū)明天給他。(表允諾)Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work不滿十八歲的人不得雇傭干夜間工作。(表規(guī)定)【注】有時(shí)用于第一人稱，表示決心：【注】有時(shí)用于第一人稱 I shall return. 我一定回來(lái)。(表示決心) 。3. should表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任。其意為“”：We should learn from each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。We should help the aged. 我們應(yīng)該幫助老人。You should pay your debts. 你應(yīng)該還債。You should pay your debts. 4. should 表示建議或勸告。其意為“應(yīng)該”：You should give up smoking. 你應(yīng)該戒煙。You should go and ask your teacher. 你應(yīng)該去問(wèn)問(wèn)老師?！咀ⅰ坑袝r(shí)語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，含有命令的意味：You should leave at once. 你應(yīng)該馬上離開(kāi)。5. should 表示推斷。表示推斷。意為“應(yīng)該”、“可能”：They should be there by now, I think. 我想現(xiàn)在他們都已經(jīng)到了。The concert should be great fun. 音樂(lè)會(huì)應(yīng)該很有意思。The poems should be out in a month or so. 個(gè)把月之后這些詩(shī)估計(jì)就可以出版了。With an early start he should be here by noon. 動(dòng)身得早，他中午就該到這里了?！咀ⅰ縮hould表示推斷時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較肯定，通常是指非?？赡艿氖?因?yàn)榘凳居幸欢ǖ氖聦?shí)依據(jù)或合乎常理)，而may, might, could等表示推測(cè)時(shí)，則語(yǔ)氣較不肯定，尤其是might, could。請(qǐng)看一道考題：When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need在四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中，A、B和C均表示推測(cè)，但A通常不用于肯定句中表示推測(cè)，故不宜選；B和C雖均可用于肯定句表示推測(cè)，但根據(jù)對(duì)話情景顧客下午要照片，如果店主中午12點(diǎn)還不能把照片沖洗出來(lái)，那么生意肯定難做成，所以店主應(yīng)用肯定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)的12should(=應(yīng)該)來(lái)回答顧客，而不是用語(yǔ)氣較弱的might(=有可能)，即應(yīng)選B不選C。6. should 用于征求意見(jiàn)。主要用于第一人稱的疑問(wèn)句形式：Should I open the window? 我可以打開(kāi)窗戶嗎？Where should I meet you tonight? 我今晚該到哪兒與你見(jiàn)面？What should we do now? 我們現(xiàn)在該干什么呢？【注】該用法與Shall I (we)?的用法相似。7. should 表示謙遜或委婉。通常與like, love, think, say, imagine等動(dòng)詞連用：: Times NI should like to know why. 我想知道這是為什么。I should say shes over forty. 我想他有40多歲了。I should think its too expensive. 我看這太貴了。I should imagine it will take about three hours. 我想得花大約三個(gè)小時(shí)。8. should表示意外或驚訝I(yíng)ts strange that he should come so late. 他竟然來(lái)這么遲真是奇怪。Im sorry that this should have happened. 我很遺憾竟然發(fā)生這種事。Im surprised that he should say so. 他竟這樣說(shuō)，這使我很驚訝。有時(shí)與why, who, how 等疑問(wèn)詞連用：Why should you think that way? 你為什么會(huì)那樣想？How should I know? 我怎么會(huì)知道？How should I know? Who should come in but my old friend Betty！我當(dāng)是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，原來(lái)是我的老朋友貝蒂呀！9. should后所接動(dòng)詞形式。根據(jù)不同情況should后可接不同的動(dòng)詞形式：(1) 接動(dòng)詞原形，用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況。(見(jiàn)上例)(2) 接進(jìn)行式，用于談?wù)撜谶M(jìn)行的事：He should be working now. 他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在工作?！咀ⅰ坑袝r(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事(與進(jìn)行式表示將來(lái)意義相似)：We should be leaving soon. 我們應(yīng)該馬上走。(比用should leave 委婉)(3) 接完成式，用于過(guò)去的情況，可指過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況，也可接本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生的情況：The train should have already left. 火車大概已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了吧。You should not have left so soon. 你本不該那么早就走的。You are right; I should have thought of that. 你說(shuō)得對(duì)，我本應(yīng)當(dāng)想到這一點(diǎn)的。(4) 接完成進(jìn)行式，表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行或一直在進(jìn)行的情況：Why werent you he