上海英語4A期末復習資料.doc

.4A期末復習資料班級： 姓名： 學號:_一、名詞名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。（一）、 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)。用/ 表示。milk water juice soup fruit food chocolate coke hair hay grass corn grass rubbish jam tea bread toast butter sugar coffee flour fish(魚肉) chicken (雞肉)（二）、 可數(shù)名詞的變復數(shù)：1.一般情況 +s : 如 bookbooks boy boys monkey monkeys 2. 以s. x. sh. ch. 和部分o結(jié)尾的單詞 +es如：busbuses; boxboxes; foxfoxes; dishdishes; waitresswaitresses; matchmatches; watch-watches; brushbrushes; sandwichsandwiches; branchbranches; glassglasses; class- classes; potato potatoes ; ( photo- photos)3. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，把f或fe變成ves如: knifeknives; leafleaves; scarfscarves; loafloaves 4. 以輔音加y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變成ies如：librarylibraries; familyfamilies; flyflies; butterflybutterflies; strawberrystrawberries; ladyladies ; aviaryaviaries5. 特殊形式如：sheepsheep; peoplepeople; fish（魚）fish; manmen; firemanfiremen; postmanpostmen; policemanpolicemen; ambulance manambulance men; footfeet; toothteeth; mousemice; thisthese; thatthose; I we; myour; meus; youyou; youryour; he/she/itthey; him/her/it-them; his/her/itstheir; 二、同音詞：tooto/ two pairpear theretheir noknow arentaunt hearhere there-their wherewear seesea forfour writeright flowerflour I - eye whose-whos its-its buybyeby 三、近義詞：largebig smalllittle see yougood-bye drawpaint gate- door beautiful nice policeman police officer fireman- firefighter so big- very big beside- next to many much a lot of lots of street road look at- see- watch三、反義詞：hotcold roughsmooth largebigsmall shorttall/ long oldnew/young thin-fat thesethose this-that on-under happy-sad/angry coolwarm behind in front of hungry-full afraid-brave blunt-sharp hard-soft whiteblack come in go out far away fromnear 四、動詞變名詞：一般情況+er 如：teach-teacher sing-singer 以e結(jié)尾 + r 如：divediver drivedriver writewriter雙寫詞尾+ er 如： runrunner swimswimmer 特殊： cookcook 五、an和 the的用法：元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前面 用an an aviary an ambulance man an engine an arm an exercise book an elephant an apple an orange an eye an ear an old teacher an interview an aunt an uncle an office an ice cream an e-mailan ideathe表示特指固定搭配 有： the sun the moon the sky the star 六、be動詞(am is are)的用法:我用am, 你用are，is 用在他她它，單數(shù)用is，不可數(shù)名詞用is，復數(shù)要用are。七、to have（have, has）的用法：第一人稱I , we 第二人稱you 和第三人稱復數(shù)用have第三人稱單數(shù)用has 八、人稱代詞：主格賓格所有格（物主代詞）第一人稱單數(shù)I memy第一人稱復數(shù)weusour第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyour第二人稱復數(shù)youyouyour第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhisshe herherititits第三人稱復數(shù)theythemtheir七、改寫句子的方法（一.）改一般疑問句1.找be動詞（am, is, are,） have, has, can.如果有這些單詞,把它們提到句子開頭,大小寫互換，句號改為問號。第一人稱I/we變you my/our變your me/us變you。碰到some改為any。2.如果沒有這些單詞,在句子開頭添加助動詞Do或Does ，句子中動詞是原型的，用助動詞Do； 動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)形式的，用助動詞Does, 且動詞變原形。句號改為問號。第一人稱I/we變you my/our變your me/us變you。碰到some改為any。二.改否定句1. 找be動詞（am, is, are,） have, has, can.在它們后面加not . 遇到some改為any。（am not不能縮寫 is not縮寫isnt are not 縮寫arent have not縮寫havent can not 縮寫cant ）2. 如果沒有這些單詞,在動詞前面加助動詞的否定形式dont 或doesnt, 句子中動詞是原型的，動詞前加dont ； 動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)形式的，動詞前加doesnt 且動詞恢復原形。遇到some改為any。3.祈使句改否定句,在動詞前面加Dont. 遇到some改為any。三.改特殊疑問句(對劃線部分提問)1.劃線部分用特殊疑問詞代替： what where who whose what colour what shape 什么 地點 誰 誰的 什么顏色 什么形狀 how much how old how how many（+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）（多少）價錢 年齡 感覺怎樣 多少（數(shù)量）how much (+不可數(shù)名詞)多少（數(shù)量）2.特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（去掉劃線部分.如果劃的是動詞,要用do（doing）來代替.）3.some變any, 第一人稱變?yōu)榈诙朔Q。（I/weyou my/ouryour me/usyou）4. 注： How many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + are there ？ How much +不可數(shù)名詞