牛津初中英語語法歸納.doc

牛津初中英語語法歸納 7A Unit 1 一般現(xiàn)在時 (is /am/are, do / does)的肯定、否定和疑問形式。 例：My hair is long. Cats eat fish. He goes to school on foot every day. 7A Unit 2 1人稱代詞 主格 ：I , you , he, she, it, we, they. 在句中作主語。 例： We/ I / You/ They have lunch at school. He / She/ It looks at me. 2人稱代詞 賓格 ：me, you, him, her, it, us, them在句中作賓語。 例： The teacher often helps us / me/ him/ her/ them. 7A Unit 3 時間介詞 at, on, in 疑問詞：what, which, who, whose, when, where, why, how some, any 的用法 7A Unit 4 頻率副詞 never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always There be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某個地方客觀存在”。 7A Unit 5 現(xiàn)在進行時 is/ am/are + doing 表示正在進行的動作. 7A Unit 6 can , may表示“允許、可以”。 順序副詞： first, then, next, afterwards, finally. 7B Unit 1 方位介詞：in front of, between, next to, between, opposite, on 基數(shù)詞：one, two, three, four, 序數(shù)詞：first, second, third, fourth. 7B Unit 2 how much, how many.表示“多少”， 前者跟不可數(shù)名詞，后者跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。 名詞所有格: Millies home, The two students homes. 形容詞性物主代詞：my, your, his , her, our, their, its 名詞性物主代詞：mine, yours, his, her, ours, theirs, its 4. 定冠詞the的用法: 獨一無二的，前文已提到過的。 7B Unit 3 動作介詞： across, along, through, over, to, up, down, round, from 一般將來時：will +動詞原形， shall + 動詞原形（但只能用于we/ I 第一人稱） is/ am/ are going to + 動詞原形 7B Unit 4 一般過去時的肯定、否定和疑問形式。 be 動詞的過去式：was/ were do（實義動詞）的過去式分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩類。 7B Unit 5 用can/ could表示“能力”“會”。 I can speak English. I could swim when I was young. 用can/ could 表示“可能”“可能性”。 I am free. I can help you. At that time, anything could happen. 感嘆句 What a good girl! What bad weather! How nice it is! 7B Unit 6 祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式： Walk the dog at 7:00. (Please) dont chase the cat. 情態(tài)動詞should, ought to & must 的用法 should (應(yīng)該)/ shouldnt(不應(yīng)該)， ought to(應(yīng)該)/ ought not to（不應(yīng)該）, must (必須)/ mustnt (不可以，不允許)。 8A Unit 1 1. 描述性形容詞，如：short, long, round, interesting,funny, slim, important, beautiful等。 2形容詞的比較級和最高級 規(guī)則的bigger / the biggest more important/ the most important 不規(guī)則的 worse / the worst 表示“比較”的句式：as + 形容詞+as - “和。一樣” not as / so + 形容詞 + as“。不如。” 8A Unit 2 比較兩者間的數(shù)量用以下句式：more.than, fewer.than., less than 例： I have more / fewer apples than you. (后跟復數(shù)名詞) I have more / less free time than he/ him.（后跟不可數(shù)名詞） 2比較兩者以上間的數(shù)量用 the most, the fewest, the least. 例： Amy scored the most/ fewest points of all. Daniel has the least money of the three. 3用 like & alike 來比較。例： My skirt is / looks like hers. = My skirt and hers are alike. 4. 用詞組 the same as & be different from來比較 8A Unit 3 1. and, but, or(或者)的用法。 2. 動詞+ to do 這些動詞有：plan, agree, want, decide, choose, hope, learn, prepare等。 3反身代詞：myself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves 8A Unit 4 由if引導的條件狀語從句 1. 用來描述可能出現(xiàn)的情況，主句時態(tài)用將來時，如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 2用來描述反復的、可預見的情況，主句時態(tài)用一般時。如： If tigers are hungry, they attack people. 8A Unit 5 1. 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示“將來”。如：The train leaves at 9:00. 2用現(xiàn)在進行時表示“將來”，如：We are leaving for Shanghai this evening. 3方式副詞：quietly, gently, easily, well往往由形容詞+ly變成副詞，如： quiet quietly, easyeasily, possible possibly 少數(shù)副詞和形容詞同形，如：fast, early, long 等。 注意：goodwell, nearnearly , hard - hardly 8A Unit 6 1. 表示原因的連詞：because , as, since. (這些詞放在原因從句之前，主句不能再用so.) 2.表示命令、請求、建議的句式：tell / ask / order /advise / warn sb. (not) to do sth. 8B Unit 1 現(xiàn)在完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)： have / has + PP 表示動作發(fā)生在過去但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。 肯定、否定和疑問形式 常用的一些時間狀語，如：already, ever, for, since, just, never, yet等。 for + 一段時間， since + 過去的一點時間/ 用過去式的從句，相對應(yīng)的主句動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，如：leave - be away, die - be dead, borrow - keep, buyhave, come -be here, join - be in/ be a member of 等。如： He has left already. He has been away for two hours. 8B Unit 2 1. 過去進行時 was / were + doing 表示過去某個時刻正在進行的 。 2. 肯定、否定和疑問形式. 3. while 和 when在過去進行時中的用法： 進行時+ while +進行時 過去式，while + 進行時 = when +過去式，進行時 例：I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. The bell rang while he was reading books. When the bell rang, he was reading books. (以上這兩句主從句前后可以互換) 8B Unit 3 被動語態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)：be + PP 時態(tài)變化都只改變be 的各種形式 肯定、否定和疑問形式 不是所有的動詞都有被動形式，如感覺動詞: feel, smell, look, taste, sound 和 happen, take place 等。 主動形式表被動意義，如: This shirt sells well. （詳細見課件復習） 8B Unit 4 because, because of, so 的用法。 because + 從句， because of +短語 (but: what you said), 兩者后都跟原因。 so 后跟結(jié)果的從句。同一句子中，不能同時出現(xiàn)because/ because of和 so. 2hope & wish的用法 hope 所希望的是有可能實現(xiàn)的，但wish所希望的是現(xiàn)在不可能實現(xiàn)的。 如：I hope you can come to my party. I wish I were the President. 3.主語 hope to do sth., 主語hope其他人做某事，要跟從句。 wish可用來向某人祝福，如： I wish you a happy new year! 8B Unit 5 賓語從句(陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句) used to & be used to 的用法 used to do 意思為：過去常常，過去曾。如： He used to be a teacher. He used to get up early. be used to doing / sth.意思為：習慣于做某事，如： He is used to the bad weather. He is used to getting up early. 8B Unit 6 三個句型結(jié)構(gòu)： Its +形容詞 + that 從句，如： It is necessary that we help the elderly. Its + 形容詞 + to do sth.， 如： Its useful to learn English well. Its +形容詞+ for sb (not). to do sth.，如： Its necessary for us to protect the environment. 9A Unit 1 1. 句式：It is +形容詞（性格）+of sb.+ (not) to do sth. 如：Its kind of you to help me. 2. 句式： 主語+ be +形容詞+enough + to do sth. 如： They are patient enough to wait for me for 2 hours. 3. 句子的不同成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語。 9A Unit 2 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：would ratherthan寧愿。也不愿。 如：On such a rainy day, I would rather stay at home than go out. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：prefer to 寧愿。不愿。， 比起。更喜歡。 如：I prefer red to blue. On such a rainy day, I prefer staying at home to going out. 不定代詞：someone /somebody, anyone / anybody, no one / nobody something, anything, nothing, none 作主語時為單數(shù)，形容詞后置。 9A Unit 3 1. 疑問詞+ to do 如：I dont know how to do it./ what to do. We havent decided when to have the meeting. 2句子種類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。 3賓語補足語。如：We find him a good boy / good. 4. 5種句子結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+ 謂語 Millie is reading. 主語+ 謂語+ 賓語 Millie is reading a book. 主語+ 謂語+ 表語 Millie is here. 主語 + 謂語間接賓語直接賓語We gave him a book. 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓補 We call him Tom. 9A Unit 4 1. 介詞短語：between. and., from. to. 2. 連詞：before, after, unt