外宣翻譯中的編譯技巧.doc

外宣翻譯中的編譯技巧 一、刪減英文是一種講究客觀理性的語言，以平實(shí)為好。而漢語則相反，追求表達(dá)高雅，喜歡借助于同義反復(fù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)這種高雅的韻味。這種表達(dá)如果照直翻譯成英語，不但顯得多余別扭，還會(huì)削弱甚至破壞原意表達(dá)，一般宜做刪減處理。此外，某些在原文中非主要信息的地名、人名（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)），對(duì)外國(guó)讀者來說很陌生，翻譯出來，不僅使譯文冗余，削弱原文主題的突出性，還有可能外國(guó)讀者失去閱讀興趣，也宜刪減這類信息。例如： 例 1原文：玉林市郵政大廈位于玉林市繁華商業(yè)地段, 坐落在人民路與東明路交叉點(diǎn)人民中路32號(hào)。緊鄰玉林市委和市政府辦公地點(diǎn)。交通便利,往東郊直達(dá)汽車站僅5分鐘, 往火車站也不過15分鐘。原譯: Post Hotel is located at No.32 Peoples Road, in the commercial district. At the crossing with Peoples Road and Dongming Road, nearby the CPC of Yulin Committee and Yulin Municipal Peoples Government. It is only 5 minutes away from east suburb bus station and only 15 minutes from railways station by car.改譯: Post Hotel is located in the commercial district of the city with easy access to public transport. It is only 5 minutes from east suburb bus station and 15 minutes from the railways station by car. （此例出自 周錳珍. 基于目的論的對(duì)外宣傳資料翻譯 J. 廣西民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（哲社版），2006 (6)：138-141.）例 2原文：山西省五臺(tái)山是聞名中外的佛教圣地，境內(nèi)迄今仍存著北魏、唐、宋、元、明、清及民國(guó)歷朝歷代的寺廟建筑47座。精美絕倫的古建筑藝術(shù)、稀世文物及博大雄宏的佛教文化充滿了無限的神秘感。同時(shí)，五臺(tái)山的自然風(fēng)光亦令人陶醉，夏季清涼宜人，而一到冬天，漫天的飛雪該地而來，整個(gè)臺(tái)懷景區(qū)便成了銀裝玉砌的冰雪世界。 On Wutai Mountain, located in Shanxi province, there are 47 temples built during the seven dynasties from Northern Wei (386-543) to the Republic of China (1912-1949). Splendid ancient architecture, rare relics and unparalleled Buddhist culture have all lent mystery to the mountain. Its natural landscape is also gorgeous. Cool and verdant in summer, the mountain becomes shrouded in snow and ice in winter. 漢、英讀者的社會(huì)歷史背景，心理認(rèn)知環(huán)境不一樣，各自的關(guān)注點(diǎn)也不一樣。漢語突出歷朝歷代是為了表示其歷史悠久，文化豐富，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人一看就懂，而國(guó)外讀者可能就不太清楚，而且這些信息也不是他們所期望的。因此，譯文僅僅保留了兩個(gè)朝代以說明年代起止，并加注了具體時(shí)間，將中間價(jià)值度不高的非關(guān)鍵信息的各朝各代省去不譯，用了“七個(gè)朝代”一言以蔽之，這就免去了很多麻煩，時(shí)間也變得更為清晰，還保持了譯文的通暢。同時(shí)，對(duì)原文中的一些評(píng)價(jià)性信息的省略也處理得十分恰當(dāng)，使譯文主題突出，簡(jiǎn)明扼要，注意了內(nèi)外有別。 例 3 原文：旅居在這半城綠樹半城樓的現(xiàn)代園林都市之中，實(shí)為愜意而舒適之快事。南寧市目前共有82家星級(jí)飯店，其中五星級(jí)6家，四星級(jí)11家，三星級(jí)28家，既有裝修豪華的高級(jí)酒店，又有溫馨如家的經(jīng)濟(jì)型賓館，滿足南來北往的客人不同的需求。原譯: It is really agreeable to live in such a garden city half surrounded by green. At present, Nanning has totally 82 start-rated hotels, including 6 five-star hotels, 11 four-star hotels and 28 three-star hotelsApart from the luxurious hotels, there are also many comfortable economic hotels to satisfy customers various demands （選自走進(jìn)綠城南寧旅游手冊(cè)）分析：原文是手冊(cè)中“住”部分的信息，旨在給游客提供旅游數(shù)字式的住宿信息, 但第一句“旅居在這半城綠樹半城樓的現(xiàn)代園林都市之中，實(shí)為愜意而舒適之快事”實(shí)際與此主題不符，翻譯出不僅不能突出主題，而且會(huì)使譯文缺乏連貫。因此，筆者采取刪減這一部分信息；此外，原譯文“comfortable economic hotels to satisfy customers various demands”有明顯的邏輯錯(cuò)誤，“economic hotels”如何能滿足“various demands”？因此，這段話只譯出最直接、最主要的信息即可。改譯：At present, Nanning has totally 82 start-rated hotels, of which 6 are five-star hotels, 11 are four-star hotels and 28 are three-star hotels. Besides, there are many economic but comfortable hotels. (司繼濤 譯） 例 4 原文：具有3000多年建城史的北京, 是中華傳統(tǒng)文化的典型代表,奧運(yùn)會(huì)如在這里舉行,將使東西方文化在世界人口五分之一的國(guó)度中交融。一個(gè)在改革開放進(jìn)程中蓬勃發(fā)展的新北京,將以古典與現(xiàn)代合壁的姿態(tài),把自己悠遠(yuǎn)深厚的文化底蘊(yùn),兼容并蓄的寬廣胸懷,謙和禮貌的公德素養(yǎng)，奮發(fā)有為的進(jìn)取精神展現(xiàn)給全世界，為世界奉獻(xiàn)一屆與眾不同的新奧運(yùn),為奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)在新世紀(jì)的發(fā)展帶來新的動(dòng)力，促使這一運(yùn)動(dòng)真正成為跨文化、跨民族、跨國(guó)度的世界性文化體系。Beijing, with more than 3000 years of history as a city, is a model of traditional Chinese culture. If the Olympic is held here, the eastern and western cultures will have a chance to integrate. Beijing, with its new prosperous look as a result of the countrys reform and opening-up drive, will present the world with a unique Olympic so that the event can truly become a global culture transcending national characteristics.漢英對(duì)照, 似乎覺得譯文遺漏太多,實(shí)則是漢語思維在作怪。若按漢語的形式在譯文中行文用字，將會(huì)臃腫累贅又言之無物，譯文讀者也難以獲得最佳語境效果。因此,譯文只能根據(jù)原作的交際意圖和譯文讀者的期待,用蘊(yùn)涵譯語文化身份的表達(dá)方式來取代原語文化身份的表達(dá)方式,取“義”而舍“形”，抽象概括出相關(guān)信息，按譯文慣布局, 真正實(shí)現(xiàn)外宣翻譯的媒介和窗口作用。 例 5 原文：全城首家推出招牌特色“皇家第一湯”，其秉承古民間燉湯妙法，博采眾長(zhǎng)，集八珍之奇，注山水之泉，熔天地之精華于特制火山泥容器內(nèi)，從而產(chǎn)生人與天地相應(yīng)這天人和一的境界。原譯: The Hotel Royal King Soup, which is the specialty of this hotel, is inspired by a recipe of ancient China. It is prepared in a special pot with mountain spring and other rare ingredients. “博采眾長(zhǎng)，集八珍之奇，注山水之泉，熔天地之精華于特制火山泥容器內(nèi)，從而產(chǎn)生人與天地相應(yīng)這天人和一的境界”是漢語廣告修辭的套語，用來描述“皇家第一湯”的獨(dú)特與“無以倫比”。這種的描述對(duì)中國(guó)受眾已習(xí)以為常，但若直接轉(zhuǎn)換為英語，就變成了浮夸和虛假的言辭而不為外國(guó)讀者接受。在這種情況下，翻譯的關(guān)鍵不是“忠實(shí)”于原文，而是抓住原文的意圖，選擇主要信息以平實(shí)的語言表達(dá)出來，反而能獲得更好的效果。改譯: The Royal Familys soup, a delicacy prepared by the chefs in the restaurant, is boiled in a specially-made earthen vessel in the traditional Chinese way.（此例出自：朱文鳳. 從目的論的視角看賓館宣傳冊(cè)的漢英翻譯 D.廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)碩士論文，2008:35）二、增加在英漢互譯中，由于漢、英兩種語言所承載、依附的文化之間存在巨大差異。目的語文本受眾對(duì)通常對(duì)源語文化的了解有可能相當(dāng)有限，甚至一無所知。因此，對(duì)于源語文本中的歷史事件、地理名稱、專門機(jī)構(gòu)、政治術(shù)語和口號(hào)、行話和俚語、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日、特有的飲食文化等等，加予注釋說明，使目的語文本的讀者易于理解。例如：例6原文：“天府之國(guó)”的旅游業(yè)今年實(shí)現(xiàn)開門紅，1月份游客人數(shù)達(dá)到88萬，比去年同期增加18%。譯為：Tourism industry in Southwest Chinas Sichuan Province, also known as the Land of Abundance, got off to a good start this year, with 880,000 arrivals in January, an 18 percent increase over the same month last year.這里，“天府之國(guó)”指四川，必須加予說明。同時(shí)，外國(guó)受眾沒有中國(guó)方位上的認(rèn)知，因此必須指明四川在中國(guó)的哪個(gè)位置。 例 7 原文：由潘鶴教授設(shè)計(jì)的賀龍?jiān)獛涖~像，屹立在天子山賀龍公園。銅像高6.5米，重約100噸。(張家界旅游畫冊(cè)) 譯文：The Grand Bronze Statue of Marshal He Long, He Long (18961969)，one of the founders of the Peoples Republic of China，born in Sangzhi，somewhat 60 kilometers from the tourist site, 1ed many battles during the Chinese Civil War and Anti-Japanese War. 國(guó)內(nèi)游客大都熟悉賀龍?jiān)獛浬?，原文突出雕像的雄偉氣?shì)和設(shè)計(jì)者的知名度。但境外游客想知道的是雕像為何許人也，為什么要樹他的雕像，他與此地有何關(guān)系，而且銅像是直觀的物體，游人對(duì)它的設(shè)、計(jì)者(除非是世界級(jí))、高度、重量不會(huì)產(chǎn)生興趣。所以作者在以下譯文中改變信息焦點(diǎn)，實(shí)際效果反而更好。此外，典型的中國(guó)政治行話、具有中國(guó)國(guó)情的特有詞匯如“四項(xiàng)基本原則”、“一個(gè)中心，兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)”、“大鍋飯”、“鐵飯碗”等等，如不加說明，國(guó)外受眾根本就不知為何物，這就會(huì)失去對(duì)外宣傳的目的，因此必須增加相應(yīng)的文化背景解釋或注釋，使外國(guó)受眾取得和中文受者對(duì)原文相同或相似的宣傳效果。例 8 原文：鄭州興亞建國(guó)飯店是北京首旅建國(guó)酒店管理有限公司管理的五星級(jí)豪華飯店。擁有中西式餐廳3個(gè)，宴會(huì)包房29個(gè)，中餐廳主要經(jīng)營(yíng)北京官府譚家菜。原譯：Xingya Jianguo Hotel of Zhengzhou is a Five-Star luxurious hotel administrated by Beijing Shoulv Jianguo Hotel Administration Co. Ltd. It has three Chinese and Western restaurants, and 29 rooms for banquets. The food served in the Chinese restaurant is the Beijing Tan Family Cuisine. 改譯：Xingya Jianguo Hotel of Zhengzhou, a Five-Star hotel under Beijing Shoudu Travel Agency Jianguo Hotel Administration Co. Ltd., boasts of three restaurants serving both Chinese and western food and banquet halls. The Chinese restaurants mainly serve Tan familys food, a well-known cuisine which was first prepared by high-ranking officials Tan Jiajun and his son during the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the capital of Beijing. （此例出自：朱文鳳. 從目的論的視角看賓館宣傳冊(cè)的漢英翻譯 D.廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)碩士論文，2008:32-33） 三、翻譯中的重組3.1 邏輯重組英漢民族有著不同的文化背景、價(jià)值觀念及思維方式，因而他們的審美觀和語言邏輯觀不盡相同，因此，具有特定功能的語篇構(gòu)成形式也不盡相同。具體地說，漢語語篇通常是先把思想發(fā)散出去，再收攏回來，使得文章的段落以螺旋式發(fā)展，由遠(yuǎn)及近，常在結(jié)尾時(shí)點(diǎn)題；而英語語篇開宗明義，直點(diǎn)主題。翻譯的過程就是譯者促成跨文化交際活動(dòng)的過程，在這一過程中，譯者起著主導(dǎo)作用，最終提供給譯文受者的是什么樣的語篇，取決于譯者對(duì)語篇內(nèi)容及其語域的把握，以及譯者根據(jù)譯文受者的思維和閱讀習(xí)慣，對(duì)譯語語篇的建構(gòu)能力（袁曉寧，2008：104）。 例 9原文：南京市境內(nèi)，東郊有中山陵、明孝陵、靈古寺；城南有夫子廟、中華門、雨花臺(tái)；城西有莫愁湖、朝天宮；城東有梅園新村、總統(tǒng)府舊址；城北有玄武湖、雞鳴寺，這些眾多的旅游景點(diǎn)，形成了以歷史古跡為核心的南京獨(dú)特的旅游觀光圣地。仔細(xì)閱讀原文后，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，置于結(jié)尾的“這些眾多的旅游景點(diǎn)，形成了以歷史古跡為核心的南京獨(dú)特的旅游觀光圣地”是主題句，這是漢語語篇的構(gòu)成習(xí)慣。但在英文譯文中，應(yīng)該根據(jù)英文的語篇構(gòu)成習(xí)慣，將該主題句放在了語段的開頭，起到開宗明義的作用，然后再對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行一一闡釋，提供背景信息。下面譯文（1）的第一句就是主題句，起到總提的作用，符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，因而層次清楚，讀上去自然流暢。The plentiful travel destinations in Nanjing form her unique tourist resorts featuring cultural relics of historic interest. Situated on the eastern outskirts of the city are Dr. Sun Yat-sens Mausoleum, Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, and the Spirit Valley; in the southern part of the city lie the Confucius Temple, Zhonghua City Gate, the Rain Flower Terrace (Yuhutai); in the western part Mochou Lake, and ChaoTian Temple; in the eastern part Meiyuan New Village, and Presidential Palace; in the northern part Xuanwu lake, and Jiming Temple. (袁曉寧譯)例 10原文：位于杭州灣北岸海鹽縣境內(nèi)的南北湖風(fēng)景區(qū), 總面積30平方公里,由湖塘、鷹巢頂、譚仙嶺、濱海四個(gè)景區(qū)組成,融山、海、湖自然景觀于一體, 兼有豐富的人文景觀, 是浙江省省級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。譯文: Located in Haiyan county north of the Hangzhou Bay, the Nanbei Lake is one of the scenic resorts in Zhejiang province characterized by its divergent scenic, cultural and historical highlights. With an area of 30 sq km, the resort comprises four sections: The Lake Area, Yingchaoding (eagle-nest top), Tanxian Hill and the Seashore.分析:原文從開始介紹南北湖的地理位置、面積、景點(diǎn)特征等,如枝繁葉茂的大樹四處展開, 最終收攏為“省級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)”, 體現(xiàn)出“先分述, 后整述的漢語段落結(jié)構(gòu)”(方夢(mèng)之:2002:73)以及信息重心后置的語言思維模式。英譯文則按照英語思維的習(xí)慣,對(duì)段落結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為信息重心前置, 同時(shí), 根據(jù)概念的認(rèn)知單位切分, 主題概念為“南北湖是一個(gè)省級(jí)風(fēng)景區(qū)”,自然與人文景觀是對(duì)主題概念的擴(kuò)大與延伸, 以分詞短語形式作為輔助成分完成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu); 景區(qū)面積則為另一概念單位,則由“with”短語構(gòu)成另一個(gè)單句。如此一來, 譯文語義明晰緊湊, 邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn); 同時(shí),由于譯文不斤斤于字比句次, 更顯流暢自如。 3.2 信息突出 為了有效地突出原文中某一部分信息，達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。有時(shí)會(huì)在譯文中進(jìn)行重新編碼和解碼，改變其原來的行文格式，以突出有效信息。這種方法尤其常用于對(duì)外宣傳報(bào)道的消息類新聞?dòng)⒆g中。例 11原文：非法闖入我軍事演習(xí)區(qū)域采訪三名香港記者被遣送出境新華社福州3月10日電，三名香港記者擅自闖入我軍事演習(xí)區(qū)域進(jìn)行非法采訪活動(dòng)，在福建省平潭縣東澳碼頭被當(dāng)?shù)毓矙C(jī)關(guān)扣留。經(jīng)審查，香港女記者孫蘊(yùn)、鄧德慧、劉玉梅三人受香港東方報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)周刊部主管指派，于3月6日晚上飛抵福州，在3月8日凌晨潛入我軍事演習(xí)區(qū)域竊取我軍事演習(xí)情況。她們的行為違反了中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家安全法和港澳記者來內(nèi)地采訪的有關(guān)規(guī)定。福建省公安機(jī)關(guān)已在責(zé)令其書面承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤并沒收其非法獲得的有關(guān)資料后，于今日下午將她們遣送出境。分析：原文僅一段文字，中心突出，層次分明，是一則短小精煉的新聞報(bào)道。從信息功能來看，原文向讀者表達(dá)了四層信息，但從標(biāo)題上看，以第一、四句為主。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)增加譯文的邏輯性，突出有效信息。我們按事實(shí)材料的重要性依次排列，將原文信息進(jìn)行重組，把最重要的信息即三名香港記者被遣送出境的事實(shí)及原因作為導(dǎo)語置于全文的第一段，爾后分兩段陳述了原文信息的第一句和第二句，并將原文背景材料中有關(guān)的次要信息在譯文中略去。翻譯如下：Mainland expels HK journalistsFUZHOU(Xinhua)Three journalists from Hong Kong were expelled from the mainland on Sunday afternoon by public security officers of South Chinas Fujian Province, for violating the State Security Law. The journalists were detained after they were found to be conducting illegal interviews inside an area where the Peoples Liberation Army was holding exercises on March 8.They admitted that they had flown to Fuzhou, the provincial capital, on March 66,and got into the exercises area early on the morning of March 8, in order to obtain information about the exercise. （出自 范鋒. 淺談外宣翻譯中“譯前處理”的運(yùn)用 J. 重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版）2010（6）：125-127）通過重組，譯文雖改變了原來的行文格式，但保持了原文信息的內(nèi)容和功能，取得了與原文意義相符、功能相似的效果；同時(shí)突出了有效信息，增加了譯文的邏輯性和可讀性。例 12原文：山海關(guān)啤酒廠坐落在風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的避暑勝地、歷史名城-山海關(guān)。素有“龍頭”之稱的萬里長(zhǎng)城的東部起端，由此伸向大海。該廠始建于1982年，后經(jīng)二次擴(kuò)建和技術(shù)改造，如今已形成了具有年產(chǎn)8萬噸啤酒和9千噸麥芽的生產(chǎn)能力，是我國(guó)啤酒行業(yè)的重點(diǎn)骨干企業(yè)之一。（王靜, 2010) 原譯：Located in Shanhaiguan, a picturesque summer resort，and the famous historic town, where the east end of the Great Wall called “head of dragon” extends to the sea. Shanhaiguan Brewery was set in 1982 and has been technically transformed twice and expanded to the present scale with an annual capacity of 80, 000 tons of beer and 9, 000 tons of malt. The brewery has become one of the key enterprises producing beer in China.改譯：Shanhaiguan Brewery is a key enterprise brewing beer in China. It is located in Shanhaiguan, a picturesque summer resort and historical town, where the East End of the Great Wall extends to the sea. Since its founding in 1982, Shanhaiguan Brewery has been technically transformed twice and expanded to the present scale with an annual capacity of 80，000 tons of beer and 9, 000 tons of malt. 例 13原文：xx集團(tuán)位于在山東半島的港口城市龍口市，這里地處環(huán)渤海經(jīng)濟(jì)帶，東臨煙臺(tái)、南靠青島、西依龍口港、北與大連隔海相望，地理位置優(yōu)越，水、陸、空交通十分便利。南山集團(tuán)經(jīng)過三十多年的艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成為以民營(yíng)股份制經(jīng)濟(jì)為主體，多產(chǎn)業(yè)并舉發(fā)展，進(jìn)入中國(guó)企業(yè)500強(qiáng)行列的國(guó)家級(jí)大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)。分析：這是一段介紹企業(yè)基本情況的文字，將企業(yè)的地理位置的介紹放在前面，然后是企業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。但把此段文字譯成英語的話，需要對(duì)之進(jìn)行邏輯重組，因?yàn)橛⒄Z是信息功能突出的語言，一般會(huì)直入主題，邏輯條理清楚，而文本到最后才提到最關(guān)鍵的信息中國(guó)企業(yè)500強(qiáng)行列的國(guó)家級(jí)大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)，所以通過對(duì)原文進(jìn)行邏輯重組后，可將其譯為:After more than twenty years striving, xx Group has developed into a national large corporation group listing in Chinese top 500 enterprises with private shareholding economy as the main body. It is located in Longkou, a port city in Bohai omic Belt in Shandong Peninsula, with Yantai to the east, Qingdao to the south, Longkou Port to the west and Dalian to the north separated by the sea, which provides superior geographic advantages and convenient transportation in the water, land and air to the company.譯文通過調(diào)整邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，將重點(diǎn)信息置于句首，這樣就突出了文本的信息功能,符合英文思維結(jié)構(gòu)，使文本更好地發(fā)揮出呼喚功能和信息功能，以達(dá)到宣傳的作用。例 14原文：欽州學(xué)院位于風(fēng)景秀美的濱海城市欽州，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)核心工業(yè)區(qū)。欽州學(xué)院于1973年建校，是廣西沿海地區(qū)唯一一所公立普通本科高等院校。我院分為校本部、東校區(qū)兩個(gè)校區(qū)。校園內(nèi)有現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)大樓，環(huán)境優(yōu)美，綠樹成蔭，是一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)與活力，適宜學(xué)習(xí)和生活的地方。原譯：Qinzhou University is situated in Qinzhou, which is a beautiful coastal city and the core industrial area of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi. Founded in 1973, the university is the only state-run university along the coast of Guangxi. Currently there are two campuses in the university. With modern teaching buildings, beautiful flowers and evergreen trees and grass, the university offers students a good, lively learning atmosphere and a comfortable living environment. 道理同上。此譯文出自欽州學(xué)院國(guó)外留學(xué)生招生手冊(cè)，其中“廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)核心工業(yè)區(qū)”的英譯文足以讓很多欲來欽州學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)的外國(guó)人望而卻步。中國(guó)很多地方常以此來暗示“發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ蟆焙汀鞍l(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)”，“核心工業(yè)區(qū)”也就意味著污染嚴(yán)重。因此翻譯應(yīng)省去這一信息。此外，大學(xué)通常與研究、學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)聯(lián)，怎會(huì)是適宜學(xué)習(xí)和生活的地方？改譯：Qinzhou University, established in 1973, is so far the only public university of Guangxi Coastal Area. Located in Qinzhou, a beautiful coastal city, the university consists of two campuses: the Main Campus and the East Campus. These two campuses, with avenues of green trees and patches of lush grass, are ideal places for study and research. （司繼濤 改譯）3.3 信息搭配調(diào)整 例 15原文：該大樓是集科研、實(shí)驗(yàn)和教學(xué)功能為一體的組合樓群，包括主樓、東樓、南樓和西樓。其中，主樓、南樓為北部灣海洋人才培訓(xùn)中心約26436，占總面積的80%；西樓為教室約3500、東樓約2843。主樓規(guī)劃為海洋信息處理中心、海洋可持續(xù)發(fā)展管理研究、海洋與海岸帶防災(zāi)減災(zāi)研究、海洋生態(tài)研究室、海洋資源保護(hù)和利用研究室、船舶污染控制技術(shù)和清潔能源開發(fā)利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室、沿海綠色生產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)中心、大學(xué)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室；南樓規(guī)劃為海洋環(huán)保生化實(shí)驗(yàn)樓，包括化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室、海產(chǎn)品加工研究室、海水養(yǎng)殖研究室；東樓包含學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告中心及媒體傳播與制作室；西樓為培訓(xùn)用的教室。The complex, composed of the Main Building, the South Building, the East Building and the West Building , integrates teaching, experiment and research into an organic whole. The Main building and the South Building constitute Beibu Gulf Talent Training Center, which takes up about 26, 436 m2 (80% of the total building area). The Main Building consists of Information & Data Proceeding Centre, Marine Sustainable Management Centre, Seas and Seacoasts Disaster Combating and Prevention Institute, Marine Ecology Research Laboratory, Marine Resource Cultivation and Utilization Research Laboratory, Shipping Pollution Control and Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Coastal Green Production Training Center, University Physics Laboratory. The South Building, designed to be Marine Environmental Protection & Biochemical Laboratory Building, is composed of Chemistry Laboratory, Biological Laboratory, Marine products processing Research Laboratory and Marine Aquaculture Laboratory. The East Building, composed of Academic Report Centre and Media Communication and Production Room, takes up about 2,843m2. And the West Building, designed to be classroom building, covers about 3,500 m2. 例 16 原文：上海銀舟大廈位于上海浦東陸家嘴經(jīng)貿(mào)區(qū),東臨主干線源深路,西瀕臨該地區(qū)的集中綠地雙子廣場(chǎng)，占地5037m2，樓面面積37700平方米, 高100米, 28層,為商貿(mào)結(jié)合的高級(jí)辦公樓。Located in the center of Pudongs Lujiazui financial zone, the 100-meter-high Shanghai Silver Boat Mansion is a 28-storey deluxe commercial and office building, standing on a site of 5,037 square meters with a GFA of 37, 700 square meters. It faces on the east the Yuanshen Road, one of the citys main roads, and the Shangzi Square green zone on the west.4. 改寫由于漢英兩種語言所屬的文化不同，它們各有一套被各自讀者所理解，在特定語境中只具備語用意義的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。這些習(xí)、慣表達(dá)的語用意義對(duì)其讀者常常是約定俗成，心照不宣的。在翻譯中，譯者必須認(rèn)真識(shí)別它們的語用意義，避免字面翻譯，以免影響譯文的預(yù)期目的。如：例 17原文： 尊敬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，各位來賓: 在黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在xx精神的鼓舞下，在xx會(huì)議的推動(dòng)下，在xx方針的指導(dǎo)下，在黨委的親切關(guān)懷和具體指導(dǎo)下，在兄弟單位的支持下，我們這個(gè)講習(xí)班開學(xué)了。(選自居祖純漢英翻譯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練） Respected Leaders， Distinguished Guests， Ladies and Gentlemen，I have the honor to declare the seminar open. Id like, if I may，to take this opportunity to convey our gratitude to those whose support and assistance have made the seminar possible. Our particular thanks should go to. 例 18原文：中國(guó)廣西, 一大片古老深遠(yuǎn),壯美的國(guó)土。十萬大山峰巒疊嶂,古木參天, 流水潺潺。十萬大山, 一個(gè)響亮的名字; 十萬大山系列食品是廣西山水哺育出來的品牌;“十萬大山”是廣西農(nóng)墾人的共同名字。原譯: In Guangxi, China, there is a large, magnificent, profound, ancient land. Inside the range of Great Mountain (Shiwandashan), peaks overlap peaks, old trees reach into the sky, and creeks murmur. Great mountain, a resounding name, is a brand name nurtured by the mountains and rivers of Guangxi; Great Mountain has become the common name of Guangxi State Farms Group. 改譯：Great Mountain, a brand dealing with farming products of Shiwandashan in Guangxi, China, is a famous brand of Guangxi State Farms Group Co. ltd. 例 19 原文：誕生于上世紀(jì)末的虎豹集團(tuán)信守孜孜以求、永不言退的發(fā)展理念,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的大潮中，任憑濁浪排空，驚濤拍岸，獨(dú)有勝似閑庭信步的自信，處變不驚,運(yùn)籌帷幄。盡握無限商機(jī)于掌間, 漸顯王者之氣于天地虎豹人以其特有的靈氣,極目一流，精益求精，集世界頂尖服裝生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備之大成。裁天上彩虹，繡人間繽紛，開設(shè)計(jì)之先河，臻質(zhì)量之高峰，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)服裝潮流，盡顯領(lǐng)袖風(fēng)采天道酬勤，不斷進(jìn)取的虎豹人擷取了一個(gè)又一個(gè)輝煌。Founded in the late 1980s, the Hubao Group is determined to succeed. The Hubao Group has a high standard of quality and is well-equipped with the worlds most advanced technology. They are taking the lead in designing new fashions and maintaining high quality products.The Hubao Group has made one achievement after another due to their diligence. 例 20原文：“三金”牌商標(biāo)被國(guó)家工商行政管理局認(rèn)定為“中國(guó)馳名商標(biāo)”,“三金”牌產(chǎn)品已行銷海內(nèi)外, 并享有良好聲譽(yù)。企業(yè)還榮獲全國(guó)企業(yè)管理杰出貢獻(xiàn)獎(jiǎng)、全國(guó)“五一”勞動(dòng)獎(jiǎng)狀、全國(guó)思想政治工作優(yōu)秀企業(yè)、全國(guó)文明單位、全國(guó)中藥行業(yè)優(yōu)秀企業(yè)等榮譽(yù)。分析：中文企業(yè)簡(jiǎn)介常常羅列獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)或稱號(hào)以展示企業(yè)信譽(yù)度和知名度,這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)大多數(shù)是由國(guó)家或省市政府頒發(fā)的,在我國(guó)消費(fèi)者心目中有很高的認(rèn)可度,也體現(xiàn)著企業(yè)的聲譽(yù)和實(shí)力。而在西方, 很少存在國(guó)家性質(zhì)的向企業(yè)頒發(fā)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng), 企業(yè)的實(shí)力也大多通過年度營(yíng)業(yè)額和員工人數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)來直接體現(xiàn)。所以,中文簡(jiǎn)介中的這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)即使譯出,也會(huì)讓外商“不知所云”。所以在翻譯時(shí),同類的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)大多數(shù)可以省去不譯, 可以用概括的形式 (如譯為“have been granted many honorable titles”，或“have been sold well”等)一筆代過。當(dāng)然,不是所有的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)或稱號(hào)都可以省去不譯,以下兩種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)屬于有價(jià)值信息, 應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確地譯出: 具有一定國(guó)際知名度的,關(guān)系企業(yè)銷量的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng), 如例文的“中國(guó)馳名商標(biāo)”等。關(guān)系到外商在華利益的, 如“中華人民共和國(guó)海關(guān)保稅工廠(bonded factory)”等。譯文：Sanjin Brand”has been determined as“The Chinese Famous Brand”. Enjoying good reputation both in China and abroad, the products of“Sanjin Brand”have been sold well all over China and exported to Southeast Asia, the US, Canada, Australia etc. 例 21 原文:“不到萬里長(zhǎng)城非好漢, 不吃全聚德烤鴨真遺憾!”在百余年里,全聚德菜品經(jīng)過不斷創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,形成了以獨(dú)具特色的全聚德烤鴨為龍頭, 集“全鴨席”和400多道特色菜品于一體的全聚德菜系，備受各國(guó)元首、政府官員、社會(huì)各界人士及國(guó)內(nèi)外游客喜愛, 被譽(yù)為“中華第一吃”。敬愛的周恩來總理曾多次把全聚德“全鴨席”選為國(guó)宴。分析：譯文的目的（功能）：宣傳全聚德的菜; 譯文讀者：懂英語的外國(guó)人; 源文功能：感染型文本，以國(guó)內(nèi)游客導(dǎo)向；翻譯問題：1“不到萬里長(zhǎng)城非好漢, 不吃全聚德烤鴨真遺憾!”（是否需要譯出？）2. 敬愛的周恩來總理曾多次把全聚德“全鴨席”選為國(guó)宴。（譯出來，外國(guó)游客是否理解，是否突出主題）譯文: The well-known All-Duck Banquet is headed by QUANJUDE roast duck and supported by over400 dishes with QUANJUDE characteristic flavor. Government leaders, officials and VIPs from nearly 200 countries and regions have visited QUANJUDE roast duck restaurants and had dinner here. 例 22原文：欽州坭興陶，古稱越陶，據(jù)考證產(chǎn)生于隋唐，距今已有1300多年的歷史。陶器采用欽江東西兩岸特有的紅陶土按一定比例配置，泥質(zhì)純凈細(xì)膩，適合刻字和表現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)浮雕工藝。經(jīng)過高溫?zé)坪?，形成“窯變”而成古銅色、深藍(lán)色、墨綠色、朱紅色等諸多顏色，再經(jīng)過拋光處理，成品光潤(rùn)柔和，晶瑩似玉，古香古色，享有“中國(guó)一絕”之美譽(yù)。1915年欽州坭興陶在巴拿馬國(guó)際博覽會(huì)上獲得金獎(jiǎng)，與宜興紫砂陶、四川榮昌陶和云南建水陶并稱“中國(guó)四大名陶”。原譯：Nixing pottery of Qinzhou, once original named Yue pottery. There is convincing evidence it invented 1300 years ago between Sui and Tang Dynasties. The pottery is made from proper clay of the east and west coast of Qin River in Qinzhou of Guangxi Province. The cl