高中英語倒裝句型講解與練習 (2).doc

倒裝（教師版）英語句子的自然順序是主語在前, 謂語在后。但是如果把謂語動詞放在主語之前, 就叫倒裝結構。一.如果全部謂語放在主語之前, 叫全部倒裝; 二.如果只把助動詞或be動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。三如果只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂并不倒裝，這樣的結構叫做形式倒裝.下面就以上三種倒裝進行講解并練習。一. 全部倒裝：1. a）用于 there be 句型。There are many students in the classroom. 主語位于謂語are 之后。原句自然順序是：Many students are there in the classroom.There are different forms of energy.b） 在“there + be”結構中的謂語動詞有時不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise和appear等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. 2. 用于“(here ,there, now, then，such) + 不及物動詞 + 主語”的句型中。a. Here comes the bus. b. There goes the bell. c. Now comes our turn. d. Out went the children. e. Such are his words. f. Such is the story.3. 以out, in, up, down, away, ahead,over 等副詞開頭的句子里面,表示強調(diào)。 In came the teacher.Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機肚底下竄出一枚導彈。Ahead sat an old woman.即時練習：1）Here comes an excellent stewardess。來了位優(yōu)秀的女乘務員。2）Down went the expert. 專家下來了。3）Out rushed the enthusiastic painter. 熱情的畫家沖了出去。4）_ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat5）Over _ , dead.A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled6)The door opened and there _ .A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered注意：代詞作主語時, 主謂語序不變。 Here it is. In he comes. 即時練習：1）Away he went 他出去了。 2）In she came她進來了。3）.Where is my shirt, mum? _.A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it4）. Where is your father? Oh, _.A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he3. 當句首狀語是表示地點的介詞詞組時,也常引起全部倒裝。請觀察以下句子:To the south of the city lies a big steel factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.Under the tree stands a little boy.總結：劃線的均是表示地點狀語, 位于句首。即時練習：1）Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man2) _ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys4. 有時，句子的主語較長，或是為了強調(diào)表語和狀語，常將他們放在句首，同時顛倒主語和謂語的位置, 使句子平衡。請觀察以下句子:(1) 介詞連系動詞主語 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.(2) 形容詞連系動詞主語Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.(3) 過去分詞連系動詞主語Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.(4) 表示方位的狀語+謂語+主語 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.即時練習：1). _ who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier2）Present at the meeting were President Liu, Professor Zhang and others.出席會議的人有劉主席，張教授和其他人。3）Gone forever are the days when we Chinese were pressed。中國人受壓迫的日子已經(jīng)一去不復返了。4）They arrived at the space station，inside which stood a robot.他們到達了太空站里面站在個機器人。二：部分倒裝1. 用于疑問句。 Do you speak English?但是疑問句中, 如果疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語, 主謂不倒裝。What happened to her？她出了什么事？How many people are working in that laboratory？有多少人在那間實驗室里工作？2.1）用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, rarely, nowhere, at no time, bt no means , in no way, in no case , on no condition, on no account, not only 等否定詞開頭的句子里。 請觀察以下句子:（1）Never shall I do this again.（2）At no time can you say “no” to the order. （3）Seldom does he eat breakfast.（4） Not only did he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently 總結：如果not onlybut also請比較Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law. 連接的是兩個并列的主語不倒裝 2）用于No sooner had done sth than did, Hardly /scarcely had when did（以上短語表示“一就”之意） 和 not until 的句型中。 No sooner had she gone out than the class began. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.即時練習：a）Not once _ their plan.A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did changeb）. Never _ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.A. are seeing B. had I seen C. I have seen D. have I seenc）Seldom _ TV during the day.A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watchd）Nowhere _ as in my garden.A. the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautifulC. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers weree). Hardly _ his homework when he went out.A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finish D. had he finishedf).Scarcely _ finished their homework _ I came into the classroom.A. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they; wheng). Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he makeh) Not only the students but also the teacher _.A. does go to the party B. goes to the party. C. go to the party D.do go to the party i）Not until his comrades criticized him _ to admit his mistake.A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D. does he begin3）用于only開頭的句子(only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)。和not until 的句型中，部分倒裝。觀察以下兩組句子：Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. Only in this way can you learn English well. Only the winners have the opportunity to face the challenges.總結：如果置于句首的由only引導的詞組不是狀語，而是主語，則主謂不倒裝。 即時練習：Only after he began to work could he realize the power of the teachers words.只有當他開始工作時他才能意識到老師話語的力量。Only enthusiastic employees can be fit for such a tough job.只有熱情的雇員能勝任這樣一份艱苦的工作。4）用于 so, nor, neither 開頭的句子, 表示重復的內(nèi)容。此句謂語應與前句謂語結構一致。He has been to Beijing. So have I.My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.即時練習：a）My son is a student. So was I thirty years ago. 30年前我也是。b) Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also5)在 so / such that 的結構中, 若so / such置于句首, 則句子部分倒裝。 So difficult a problem is it that I cant work it out.Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.即時練習：a)他像個很忠誠的人，所以我們都信任他正常語序應該是：He seemed such an honest man that we all believed him. 倒裝句是：Such an honest man did he seem that we all believed him.（高級表達）b) 他講話聲音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都聽得見。正常語序應該是：He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. 倒裝句是：So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. （高級表達）6）用于某些祝愿語中。 May you succeed. 祝你成功?？偨Y：may放在句首表祝愿，用倒裝 即時練習：May you win the first place. 祝你贏得第一名。7）用于省略if 的虛擬條件句。Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.由 If you had reviewed your lessons 這樣一個虛擬條件分句變過來的。三：形式倒裝形式上的倒裝在語法上稱為前置，它的特點是，只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首。主謂并不倒裝。有四個重要的句型需要特別留意。1. 感嘆句What an interesting talk they had!2. the more the more 句型，意思是“越來越”The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes.此句型中的more 代表的是形容詞和副詞的比較級，要靈活使用。即時練習：The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越努力學習，你就越會取得比較大的進步How attractive the story is！ 這個故事是多么吸引人?。?.whatever，however +adj/adv. 引導讓步狀語從句Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.However difficult the problem may be ,we must work it out this evening.使用特點：（1） whatever后面也可以換成名詞，如受many 或much 的修飾，則必須把whatever換成howeverWhatever reasons you have ，you should carry out your promise.However many difficulties you meet with,