同濟大學(xué)英語報刊選讀復(fù)習(xí)資料(題型+重點+縮略詞+網(wǎng)絡(luò)版重點).docx

期末考試題型：1.Re-organizing sentences for a news report (10%)2.Matching headlines to lead paragraphs (10%)3.True or False questions about English journalism (cf. Appendix I below) (10%)4.Reading Comprehension (3 passages with 15 multiple-choice questions) (30%)5.Abbreviations in News reports (complete forms +Chinese translation) (10%) 6.News Headline Analysis (10%) （Analyzing the stylistic features of 3 news headlines）7.News comment writing (20%) (about 200 words)1.Definition of journalism, medium, news報刊（p1）、媒介（p2）、新聞（p4）的定義2.Functions of mass communication vs functions of newspaper大眾傳播工具（p2）與報紙（p1）的功能3.News value; public interest; principles of newsworthiness新聞價值；公眾興趣；衡量新聞價值的原則（p4）4.Classification of news新聞的分類（p6）5.Five basic elements of news新聞的五個基本要素（p6）6.Legal concerns; codes of ethics法律關(guān)系；道德規(guī)范（p7）(General knowledge is enough. No need for word by word memorization.)（一般知識就夠了。不需要的逐詞記憶。）7.Tabloid and broadsheet小報和報紙（p21）(the distinctions between tabloid and broadsheet)（區(qū)分小報和大報）8.Major newspapers in the UK and US英國和美國的主流報紙（p13-34）9.Major magazines in the UK and US英國和美國的主流雜志（p13-34）同上10.Lexical features in headlines:small words; abbreviations; etc.在標(biāo)題的詞匯特點：小詞；縮略語；等。（p37）11.Grammatical features in headlines: omission of articles, personal pronouns, etc.; present tense for past events, infinitive for future events, etc在標(biāo)題的語法特點：省略的文章，人稱代詞等；現(xiàn)在時表示過去的時間，不定式表示未來事件等（p42）12.Rhetorical features used in headlines :alliteration; parody; metaphor; pun; euphemism用于標(biāo)題的修辭特點：頭韻；戲仿；隱喻；雙關(guān)語；委婉語（p44）13.News leads , direct vs. delayed lead新聞導(dǎo)語，直接與延遲導(dǎo)語（p48）14.News agenciesOrganizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communications media are called news agencies.15.Major news agencies in the world在世界各大通訊社Major news agencies in the UK and USUKReuters(路透社)one of the largest European press agenciesPAPress AssociatedUSAP(美聯(lián)社)the Associated PressThe oldest press association in the United StatesUPI(合眾國際社)United Press International16.General understanding of the inverted pyramid structure of journalistic writing新聞寫作的倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)的一般認(rèn)識（p63）17.Types of news features新聞特寫的類型（p75）18.Differences between feature and news report特寫和新聞報道之間的差異（p76）19.Basic structure of news comment新聞評論的基本結(jié)構(gòu)（p83）Common abbreviations 1. ABC：American Broadcasting Company美國廣播公司2. BBC：British Broadcasting Corporation英國廣播公司3. NBC：National Broadcasting Company （美國）全國廣播公司4. CNN：Cable News Network（美國）有線新聞電視網(wǎng)5. CBS：Columbia Broadcasting System 美國哥倫比亞廣播公司6. MPAA：Motion Picture Association of America 美國電影協(xié)會7. ITN：Independent Television News（英國）獨立電視新聞公司8. APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亞洲和太平洋經(jīng)濟合作組織9. ASEAN：Association of Southeast Asian Nations 東南亞國家聯(lián)盟10. NATO：North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公約組織11. OPEC：Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油輸出國組織12. UNSC：= United Nations Security Council 聯(lián)合國安全理事會13. WHO：World Health Organization世界衛(wèi)生組織14. FAO：Food and Agriculture Organization世界糧農(nóng)組織15. UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization聯(lián)合國教科文組織 16. WIPO：World Intellectual Property Organization（聯(lián)合國）世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織17. IMO：International Maritime Organization國際海事組織18Interpol/TERPOL: International Criminal Police Organization國際刑警組織19FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局20. USDHS: United States Department of Homeland Security美國國土安全部21. CIA：Central Intelligence Agency （美國）中央情報局22. NYSE： New York Stock Exchange（美國）紐約證券交易所23. NASDAQ：National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations（美國）全國證券交易商協(xié)會自動報價表；納斯達克24IMF：International Monetary Fund國際貨幣基金組織25NDRC National Development and Reform Commission 國家發(fā)改委26. CPC：Communist Party of China27. CPPCC：Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference 中國人民政治協(xié)商會議28. HKSAR：Hong Kong Special Administrative Region香港特別行政區(qū)29. NPC：National Peoples Congress（中國）全國人民代表大會30. GNP：gross National Product國民生產(chǎn)總值31. GDP：Gross Domestic Product 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值32. EEC：European Economic Community歐（洲經(jīng)濟）共（同）體33. ASPAC-Asian and Pacific Council 亞（洲）太（平洋）理事會34. EU：European Union 歐洲聯(lián)盟35. NASA= National Aeronautics and Space Administration（美）國家航空和航天局36.WWF：World Wildlife Fund 世界野生動物基金會37.UNDP：United Nations Development Programme 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署38.UNGA：United Nations General Assembly 聯(lián)（合國）大（會）#39.ICRC：International Committee of the Red Cross 紅十字國際委員會40. UNPKF：United Nations Peacekeeping Force聯(lián)合國維持和平部隊41. ICJ：International Court of Justice 國際法院42.DJI：Dow Jones Index 道瓊斯（股票）平均指數(shù)43.FM： foreign minister 外交部長44. MP： Member of Parliament議員45. PM： Prime Minister 首相; 總理46. BBS：Bulletin Board System 電子公告板47. EMS：Emergency Medical Service急救醫(yī)療48. IOC： International Olympic Committee 國際奧林匹克委員會49. WHC: World Heritage Committee世界遺產(chǎn)委員會50. CISAR：China international Search and Rescue Team中國國際救援隊51. CPI：Consumer Price Index 居民消費價格指數(shù)52. NGO：Non-governmental Organization非政府組織53. WTO：World Trade Organization世界貿(mào)易組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)版重點第一章 英語新聞學(xué)的基本概念：一、今天的傳播媒介（the mass media today）：1. Communication: the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others in a particular time and place.2. Communication includes writing and talking, as well as nonverbal communication, visual communication, and electronic communication.3. Communication is a vital part of personal life and is also important in business, education, and any other situation where people encounter each other.4. Mass communication media: the means of communication that can reach many people at a time either by printed materials or electronic waves are called mass media. These include newspaper, magazines, books, radio, television, public relation and advertising.5. TV and newspaper are the two major kinds of mass media in the present world.二、新聞學(xué)的定義（the definition of journalism）:1. Journalism is the collection and periodical publishing of news. It includes writing for, editing, and managing such media as the newspaper and the periodical. In other words, it means gathering, evaluating, and disseminating facts of current interest.三、新聞及新聞要素（news and elements of news）1. News is information that is published in newspapers and broadcast on radio and television about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity.2. There are usually five basic elements in news: who, what, why, when, and where. An additional element may be “how”.四、新聞價值和公眾興趣（news value and public interest）1.軟新聞 soft news 硬新聞hard news Hard news generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported immediately. Soft news is background information or human-interest stories, which appeal to peoples curiosity, sympathy, skepticism, or amazement. Subject matter: Politics, war, economics, and crime used to be considered hard news, which arts entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news. The tone of presentation: A hard news story takes a factual approach: what happened? Who was involved? Where and when did it happen? Why? A soft news story tries instead to entertain or advise the reader2. News value refers to the importance of the facts and details in the news that can satisfy the publics interest in news.3. Public interest means the degree of attention the readers pay to the news reports.4.News-worthiness of a report: timeliness, proximity, conflict, eminence or prominence, consequence or impact, human interest五、新聞來源和新聞社（sources of news and news agencies）1. Organizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communications media are called news agencies.六、新聞的法律與道德問題（legal and ethical issues of journalism）1. Areas of particular concern to reporters are libel, newsroom searches, protection of sources, invasion of privacy suits and the free press controversy.2. The code of ethics: responsibility, freedom of the press, accuracy and objectivity. 第二章 報紙 報紙的主要功能To inform , to influence, to entertain, to advertise.Newspapers are publications usually issued on a daily or weekly basis, the main function of which is to report the news. Newspapers also provide commentary on the news, advocate various public policies, furnish special information and advice to readers, and sometimes include features such as comic strips(連環(huán)漫畫), cartoons, and serialized(連載) books. 小報(tabloid)， 大報(broadsheet) 第三章 新聞雜志Publications released at regular intervals are often called journals, or periodicals. 第四章 新聞結(jié)構(gòu)1.Grammatical Features of News Headlines：1. Omission of link verbs such as BE and determiners such as articles and pronouns2. Infinitives for future events3. Present tense for past events4. Phrases as headlines5. Pre-modificationExample 1. U.S. plans more Taiwan sales2. The lexical features of headlines：Small words and abbreviations instead of big, complete ones (Why?)aidassistbidattemptoptchooseviecompeteraidattackcurbcontrollaudpraiseslamcriticizeback