“主謂一致”教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì).doc

.中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)北戴河新區(qū)長白學(xué)校 姜殿鳳考情分析： “主謂一致”是每年中考的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)，平均每年一道題。學(xué)情分析： 學(xué)生需要對該語法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的歸納和總結(jié)，并靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。教師的精確點(diǎn)撥可以幫助學(xué)生更好地掌握語法知識(shí)。復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 1.能掌握主謂一致的基本原則。 2.能在具體的練習(xí)題中總結(jié)歸納有關(guān)主謂一致的規(guī)則。 3.能體驗(yàn)到自主學(xué)習(xí)的重要性、探究學(xué)習(xí)并完成任務(wù)的快樂。復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)： 重點(diǎn)：主謂一致應(yīng)遵循的三個(gè)基本原則。 難點(diǎn)：一些代詞、集合名詞等作主語時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的原則。 復(fù)習(xí)策略：自主復(fù)習(xí) 合作探究 精心點(diǎn)撥 模擬演練 歸納總結(jié)教學(xué)過程：Step :導(dǎo)入 播放幻燈片“中考導(dǎo)航”，使學(xué)生了解“主謂一致”是中考中的高頻考點(diǎn)。 中考導(dǎo)航：考 點(diǎn)河北省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計(jì) 高頻 考點(diǎn)20122013 201420152016主 謂一致語法一致意義一致就近原則考情分析：從近五年考查情況看，主謂一致是每年的必考點(diǎn)，每年均考查一道題目。2017年備考時(shí)要熟練掌握主謂一致的各種情形，并做適量的練習(xí)來掌握和鞏固。 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：使學(xué)生了解“主謂一致”是中考中的高頻考點(diǎn)。Step :考點(diǎn)突破 學(xué)生探究，教師精確點(diǎn)撥，突破考點(diǎn)。1. 主謂一致的含義（幻燈片3） 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 2.主謂一致三原則：（幻燈片4 ）語法一致原則：指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Tom _(be) a good student. They often _(play) football on the playground.意義一致原則：（幻燈片5 ）指謂語動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記. 指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family _(is, are) having lunch now. Maths _ (is, are) difficult for me. 就近一致原則：（幻燈片6）指當(dāng)主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致. Not only the teacher but also his students _(like) playing football.There _(be) a pen and some books on the desk. 突破考點(diǎn)： 名詞作主語：（幻燈片7 12）1.單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk _(be) Toms. Some water_ (be) in the bottle. The students _ (be) playing football on the playground. 2.某些集體名詞，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His family _(be) a happy one.The whole family _ (be) watching TV.3. 某些集體名詞，如people, police ,clothes等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police _ ( be) searching for the thief. 4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如 sheep, deer,fish, Chinese,Japanese 主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 A sheep _ (be) over there.Some sheep _ (be) over there. 5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here. 常見的省略名詞有：the bakers（面包房）, the barbers（理發(fā)店）, the Zhangs（張家）等。 注: the 姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人。 The Greens _(is, are) having breakfast now. 6. 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。 The pants _(is, are) mine. My glasses _(is, are) on the table. 但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , 等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A pair of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.Two pairs of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.7當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時(shí)，作為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The United States _（is, are) in North America.8news ，maths，physics ，politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). No news _ (is, are) good news. Maths _(is, are) very popular in our class .連接詞連接的名詞作主語: （幻燈片13 16）1 用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Walking and riding are good exercises. 注：A：并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或 同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復(fù)數(shù)。 這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式： a/the+n+and+n，指的是同一個(gè)人或物； a/the+n+and+a/the+n，指兩個(gè)人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, 等修飾時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 2當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including,等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。 判斷畫線部分對錯(cuò)：(1) The teacher as well as the students were reading in the library.( )(2) The woman with two children are my aunt.( )(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. ( )(4) The students ,including their teacher, is going to meet the brave man.( )(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes sports.( )(6) Mr. Li besides his sons like sports. ( )3以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。 Either you or he _ (is, are) to go.Not one but all of us _(is, are) hoping to be there. 4. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致的原則。 There_ (be) a book , two pens on the desk.There _(be) two pens , a book in the desk.代詞作主語：（幻燈片17 19）1名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 Ours (Our Party) _(is, are) a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine _(is, are) brown. 3疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Who_ (is, are) your brother?Who _(is, are) League members? 4不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (1) Nobody was in. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has/have seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. （7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. 分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語：（幻燈片20 - 23） 1由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致. （1）All of the food _ (is, are) ready. All of the workers _ (is, are) working. (2) Part of the work_ (is, are) been done by us 。Part of the students _ (have, has) gone. 2表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half bananas _(is, are)left on the table. 3表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English. 4分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。 Ten percent of the apples _ (was, were) bad . 注意: population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China_(be)1.36 billion and 70% of the population _ (be) peasants 5a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School _(be) over 100. A number of them _ (be) young. 名詞化的形容詞作主語：（幻燈片24 ） 如果主語由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb.The rich often _ (help, helps) the poor.從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語：（幻燈片25）1由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What we need _ (is, are) more time.What we need _(is, are) doctors.2動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 To see _ (is, are) to believeDoing eye exercises _ (is, are) good for your eyes. 設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過合作探究，教師點(diǎn)撥的方式，讓學(xué)生理解知識(shí)脈絡(luò)，突破各個(gè)難點(diǎn)。Step .模擬演練（幻燈片2628）學(xué)生完成模擬練習(xí)，教師精確點(diǎn)撥。1Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers5The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster. A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to write C. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began . A. was B. is C. are D. were7Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five9. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were11. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; a