全面歸納直接引語改間接引語.doc

引語四點變化1時態(tài)變化2如何變句型3人稱變化4注意1、直接引語如果表示客觀真理，變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。2、直接引語若有明確的表示時間的詞語，變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。3、若直接引語中含有could, must, should等情態(tài)動詞，變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。4、直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。5、用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語時態(tài)變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，若主句為過去時態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句的時態(tài)如下表：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時（不變）過去進行時過去進行時（不變）cancouldmaymightmustmust/ had to祈使句不定式如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。2時間狀語，地點狀語，指示代詞、動詞直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，有些時間狀語，地點狀語，指示代詞和動詞也要作相應的變動。直接引語間接引語時間狀語now 現(xiàn)在then 那時；當時時間狀語today 今天that day 那天時間狀語tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上時間狀語this week 本周that week 上周時間狀語yesterday 昨天the day before前一天時間狀語the day before yesterday 前天two days before 前兩天時間狀語three days ago三天以前three days before 前三天時間狀語last week 上周the last week 前一周時間狀語tomorrow 明天the next day /the following day第二天時間狀語next week 下周the next week 第二個星期時間狀語next month下個月the following month第二個月時間狀語this morning這個早晨that morning那個早晨時間狀語ago/last以前/最后before之前指示代詞this 這that 那指示代詞these 這些those 那些地點狀語here 這里there 那里動詞come 來go 去動詞bring帶來take帶去注：直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時的變化應視實際情況而定。假如就在當天轉(zhuǎn)述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改變；如果在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here也不必改為there，come也不必改為go。另外，直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如何變句型直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引語如果是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.如：He said, Can you swim, John?He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike?He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth.句型。Dont make any noise, she said to the children.She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動名詞（或從句）?！比纾篐e said, Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語為what 或how 引導，也可以用that 引導。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.人稱變化遵從一主二賓三不變一主： 從句的第一人稱隨主句的主語變化。eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.The boss said he had bought an expensive car.二賓： 從句的第二人稱隨主句的賓語變化。eg: I often tell him , You are luckiest boy I have ever seen . I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “三不變：從句的第三人稱不需要變化。注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語是客觀真理。直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。當