八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)課堂筆記(1-6單元).doc

八年級(jí)上冊(cè)課堂筆記（1-6單元）Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？1，一般過(guò)去時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他；否定形式：was / were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原動(dòng)詞；一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其他？Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？2，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化：直接加ed；以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d；以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed；以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed；以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母+ed不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（見(jiàn)書(shū)本最后一頁(yè)）3，go on vacation去度假 be on vacation在度假4，anyone任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，后面不接of 短語(yǔ)。做主語(yǔ)時(shí)位于動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eg：Is there anyone at home？ any one任何一個(gè)，指人或物，后面接of 短語(yǔ)。Eg：You can take any one of these books.5，adj修飾不定代詞后置 anything special something important enough作adv，修飾adj/ adv 后置 old enough fast enough else作adj，修飾疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞后置 what else who else something else6，quite a few/ little 相當(dāng)多7，How/ what about+V-ing/ n/ 代詞 怎么樣？（表建議、詢(xún)問(wèn)）8，most students= most of the students “one of +the most +adj +n復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最之一”Eg：He is one of the most famous writers in China.A most +adj +n 非常 Eg：Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.9，buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb10，what do you think of/ about？= how do you like？你認(rèn)為怎么樣？11，have fun，enjoy oneself，have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing,12，主語(yǔ)+ seem+（to be）+表語(yǔ)（n/adj） eg：Tom seems to be a smart boy/ happy.It seems that從句 eg：It seems that he understand.主語(yǔ)+ seem to do sth eg：He seems to understand.13，adj 以-ing結(jié)尾“令人的”exciting，interesting，relaxing，boring 以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到的”excited，interested，relaxed，bored14，詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)格：How much is ? Whats the price of ?表示價(jià)格高低：be expensive/ cheap The price of is high/ low15，get to, arrive in/at, reach,到達(dá)（如果后面接地點(diǎn)的副詞home，here或there ,就不用介詞in ,at, to）16，decide（not）to do decide that從句 decide+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式17，try（not）to do sth盡力 try doing sth 嘗試 try/ do ones best to do sth try it on試穿（動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)） try out試驗(yàn) have a try試一試18，feel like感覺(jué)像 feel like doing sth/ want to do sth/ would like to do sth19，a lot of= lots of =plenty of20，in the past在過(guò)去21，enjoy/ like doing22，感嘆句：How+adj+主謂！ How+adj+a/an +n單+主謂！ What+ a/an +adj+ n單+主謂！ What+ adj+ n復(fù)/ 不可數(shù)+主謂！23，more than=over超過(guò) less than 少于 more or less或多或少24，wait for等待25，too many“太多”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)too much“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞much too“實(shí)在太”修飾形容詞或副詞26，because+從句 because of +n/ V-ing /代詞27，enough作adj修飾n， enough time enough money have enoughto do sth eg：I have enough time to finish the work. enough作adv修飾adj/ adv old enough fast enough enough for sb to do sth eg：The job is easy enough for me to do. notenough to do The book isnt easy enough for me to read. tooto The book is too difficult for me to read. sothat The book is so difficult that I cant read.28，the next day第二天29，remember/ forget+to do要做 +doing做過(guò)30，Stop sb from doing sth阻止Stop to do 停下來(lái)去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事31，another two hours=two more hours32，at the top of在頂端，名列之前 強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)on the top of在上面 強(qiáng)調(diào)面33，find out查明，弄清 find找到（結(jié)果） look for尋找（過(guò)程）34，go on with/ doing sth繼續(xù)原來(lái)的事 go on to do sth繼續(xù)做別的事35，so +adj +that +結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句“如此以致” eg：I was so busy that I didnt go to sleep for 3 days.so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，以便，為了（in order to）eg：they got up early so that they could catch the early bus. so +adj +（a/ an+n單數(shù)）that It is so important a meeting that I cant miss it. such+ a/ an+ adj + n單數(shù)+that It is such an important meeting that I cant miss it.such+ adj+n復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)+thatUnit 2 How often do you exercise？1，How 如何（方式）how long 多長(zhǎng)（時(shí)間）答語(yǔ)常用“（For/ about +）時(shí)間段”how far多遠(yuǎn)（距離）答語(yǔ)常用“（Its +）數(shù)詞 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”how often多久一次（頻率）答語(yǔ)常用“Always/ often/ every day/”或 “次數(shù)+時(shí)間”等表頻率的狀語(yǔ)How soon多快，多久以后，常用在將來(lái)時(shí)中。答語(yǔ)常用“in +時(shí)間段”how many多少（接可數(shù)名詞） how much（接不可數(shù)名詞）2，exercise作v 鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng) 作c 操，練習(xí) do morning/ eye exercises 作uc 鍛煉 take much/ more exercise3，at+鐘點(diǎn) at 7 oclock at noon/ at night（during/ in the day） at this/ that time at the age ofon+ 具體某天、星期、特指的一天、紀(jì)念日、節(jié)日 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning on Teachers Dayin +上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季節(jié)、年代、世紀(jì) in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in 1999 in August in autumn in 1960s in the 21st century4，help sb （to）do sthhelp sb with sthwith sbs help= with the help of sb5，do（the）housework= do chores6，頻度副詞（行前be 后）Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never7，sometimes 有時(shí)（頻度副詞） sometime（將來(lái)）有朝一日，（曾經(jīng)）某天 Some times 幾次，幾倍 some time 一段時(shí)間（前面用介詞for）8，go shopping= do some shopping9，once twice three times10，at once，right now，right away， in a minute，in a moment，in no time 立刻，馬上 once more再一次，重新 once upon a time 從前，曾經(jīng)11，every day 每天 everyday日常的，每天的12，on the internet13，whats your favorite program？=what program do you like best？14，free 空閑的 in ones free time be free 自由的 as free as a fish freedom n.自由 免費(fèi)的 The best things in life are free.15，be full =be busy忙的 be busy doing sth/ be busy with sthbe full of充滿 eg：The bottle is full of milk.16，How come？怎么會(huì)？為什么？ 17，may be 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形，在句子中做謂語(yǔ)，maybe是副詞，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首(perhaps)。18，stay up doing sth熬夜做某事19，stay/ keep healthy be in good/ bad/ poor health be good/ bad for ones health20，at least=no less than at most=no more than21，ask sb about sth ask sb（not）to do sth ask sb for help/ advice/ information22，the result of的結(jié)果 as a result 結(jié)果23，be surprised that/ be surprised at/ be surprised to do 對(duì)很驚訝To ones surprise另某人驚訝的是 in surprise驚訝地24，the answer to the question，a key to the door，a ticket to the ball game25，although=though（與but不能連用）Even though/ if即使，盡管 as though/ if仿佛，好像26，by介詞+n/ v-ing/ 代詞 通過(guò)方式by oneself獨(dú)自地 by the way順便問(wèn)/說(shuō)一下 by chance/ accident偶然地 by mistake錯(cuò)誤地 learn by heart記住27，the best way/ time to do 做某事最好的方式/時(shí)間28，4個(gè)花費(fèi)：人+spend/ spends/ spent+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+（in）doing sth/ on sth spend time with sb 人+pay/ pays/ paid +錢(qián)+for sth It takes/ took sb +時(shí)間+to do sth 物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +錢(qián)29，die v.死亡，消失 died過(guò)去式dead adj死亡的，無(wú)生命的 dead dog have/ has been dead for=diedagodying adj垂死的，快死的death n 死亡 the death of30，before its too late趁來(lái)得及31，“數(shù)字+percent of+ n”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于n Eg：Twenty percent of the students exercise every day. Twenty percent of time passes.32，no one =nobody指人，回答who，anyone，anybody的提問(wèn)None指人或物，可接of 短語(yǔ)，（all 3）回答how many/ much，any，及有特定范圍（which）的提問(wèn)nothing指物，回答what，anything的提問(wèn)Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.1，比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則 一般在詞尾+ er或est；以e 結(jié)尾的加r或st；重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+ er或est；輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，改y為i+ er或est；多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，加more或most。 不規(guī)則變化見(jiàn)書(shū)本P1142，比較級(jí)用法l 基本句型：主語(yǔ)+be+比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象l 兩者相比較用比較級(jí) eg：Who do you think is more outgoing，Lily or Lucy？l Very，more，quite，so，too等修飾原級(jí)；much，a little，a lot，a bit，far ，even等修飾比較級(jí) eg：Im much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister. Im even worse now.l 不能與人或事物自身相比較eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. China is larger than any country in Africa.l 比較對(duì)象要一致（that代替不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所有格，ones）eg：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan. The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. My bike is newer than Toms.l 比較級(jí)中出現(xiàn)of the two/ twins結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，adj比較級(jí)前要+the，不可用thanEg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.l “get/ become+ 比較級(jí)+and +比較級(jí)”表示“變得越來(lái)越”（多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)用“more and more+原級(jí)）Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. Youre getting more and more beautiful.l “the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越，就越”Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.l “Asas”中間接原級(jí)，表示“與一樣”，否定為“not as/ soas”表示“不如”Eg: He is as tall as his father. He is not as/ so tall as his father.l “比較級(jí)+than”(more/ less +原級(jí)+than)與“not as/ soas”可以互換Eg: Im taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology. Youre shorter than me. Biology is less important than Chinese Youre not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinesel 比大/多/長(zhǎng)/寬幾倍，用“主語(yǔ)+be+times+比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象”Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.l 重幾斤，高幾公分，大幾歲，用“主語(yǔ)+be+數(shù)量詞+比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象”Eg: Im six years older than you.3，loudly大聲地，響亮地（多含噪音之意） aloud大聲地，出聲地（強(qiáng)調(diào)出聲）read aloud call aloud for help loud大聲地，高聲地，常與speak，shout，laugh，talk連用 響亮的，大聲的 loud voice4，fast強(qiáng)調(diào)速度快 run/ drive fast quickly強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作、行動(dòng)快 soon 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間間隔短5，competition體育，書(shū)法，朗讀，音樂(lè)等比賽 match 體育競(jìng)技比賽，球類(lèi)比賽 race 速度方面的競(jìng)賽，賽跑，賽龍舟等6，win+比賽，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng) beat+人，團(tuán)隊(duì)7，ago 以前，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，放在一段時(shí)間后 before 在以前，通常用于完成時(shí)，放在時(shí)間點(diǎn)或事件之前8，the same asbe different from be similar to =be like9，be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于 be good for 對(duì)有益 （be bad for對(duì)有害） be good to 對(duì)友好 （good 可用friendly，nice，kind替換） be good with和相處好=get on/ along well with10，true/ truly 指故事、說(shuō)法、答案等與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)事實(shí)、實(shí)際情況相符real/ really 指人或事客觀存在，不是想象的11，take care of=look after照顧care for 照料、關(guān)心某人，喜歡某人、某物care about 關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎12，make sb do sthmake sb/ sth +adj make me happymake sb +n. We made him monitor.make sb +過(guò)去分詞 She spoke aloud to make herself heard.make it 約定時(shí)間，做成某事，及時(shí)抵達(dá) Lets make it at 10:00. Dont worry. Hell make it.13，both 位置：行前be 后both of them/ us=they/ we bothboth 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)not both為部分否定，全部否定要用eithernot或者neitherbothand=not onlybut（also） 否定為：neithernor14，be popular with sb受某人歡迎 be popular in/ at在某地受歡迎15，it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj修飾to do sth）It is important for me to learn English.it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj修飾sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.16，bring out使顯現(xiàn)出17，share sth with sb和某人分享18，other “其他的，另外的”，后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)other+n復(fù)數(shù)=othersanother “又一（個(gè)），另一（個(gè)）”，泛指總數(shù)為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的任意一個(gè)，后接名詞單數(shù)。the other“（兩者中的）另一個(gè)”，常與one連用，“onethe other”表示“一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”19，heart learn sth by heart用心記 lose heart灰心20，break the law/ rules/ world record違法/違規(guī)/打破世界紀(jì)錄Break off 打斷 break away from擺脫，脫離 break into破門(mén)而入 break in插嘴Break down出故障 break out爆發(fā) break up散火 break ones words食言Have a break/ rest休息會(huì)兒21，laugh發(fā)笑 laugh at 嘲笑 Smile微笑 smile at對(duì)微笑22，定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who (whom, whose), which; 關(guān)系副詞（在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)，且不能省略）有：when, where, why等。關(guān)系詞的選擇主要取決于兩個(gè)因素：(1)先行詞是什么(2)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分。關(guān)系代詞（that，who，which，whose，whom）引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。that/ who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為人。Eg：The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.that/ which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，先行詞為物。 Eg：The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.(主) He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten.（賓）whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞為人或物。 Eg：This is the pencil whose point is broken. That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.whom/ that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，先行詞為人。 Eg：The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin.關(guān)系副詞（when/ where/ why）引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。When在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞（day/ year/ season等）。例如：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。I shall never forget the day_I joined the League.解放軍戰(zhàn)士在人們最需要的時(shí)刻來(lái)到。The PLA men come at the time _ the people need them most.Where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的詞（place/ town/ home/ house）例如：你還記得我們初次見(jiàn)面的地方嗎？Do you still remember the place _we first met?近來(lái)你去過(guò)你成長(zhǎng)的小城嗎？Have you been to the town _ you grew up recently?Why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是reason。例如：沒(méi)有人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。Nobody knows the reason _ he is often late for school23，call sb at +電話號(hào)碼24，information【UC】通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、閱讀、觀察等得到的信息、情報(bào)、資料（側(cè)重內(nèi)容）news【UC】 廣播、電視等報(bào)道的新聞、消息（強(qiáng)調(diào)新鮮、及時(shí)）a piece of newsmessage【C】 口信、短信、信息（強(qiáng)調(diào)傳遞）take a message for sb leave a message to sb25，who do you think should get the job？=in your opinion，who should get the job？Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater？1， 最高級(jí)的用法 用于三者或三者以上的比較 eg：Which do you like best，Chinese，Math or English？ “one of+最高級(jí)+n.復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最之一”Eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. “the +序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+n.單數(shù)+范圍”表示“在范圍內(nèi)是第幾”Eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China. 先行詞被最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Eg：My cousin is the funniest person（that） I know. This is the first letter（that）I received from my sister. Of all +n.復(fù)數(shù)；of the +數(shù)（3）+ n.復(fù)數(shù)；in/ at+地點(diǎn)2， Comfort v.使舒適，安慰 comfortable adj. 舒適的(uncomfortable) comfortably adv. 舒適地3， Voice嗓音（說(shuō)話聲、歌聲、笑聲、鳥(niǎo)鳴聲） in a low voice小聲地Noise雜音Sound任何可以聽(tīng)到的聲音4， be close to靠近5， choose-chose choose from從中選擇 choose to do sth選擇做某事6， Can I ask you some/ a few questions?7， Welcome to+地點(diǎn)8， So far= until now= up to now至今為止9， Around/ near here= in the neighborhood10，thanks for +n/ V-ingThanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.Thank you/ Thanks No problem/ Youre welcome/ Thats all right/ Not at all/ Its a pleasure/ My pleasure/ Thats OK.11，talent n.天資，才能 talented adj.有天賦的 (untalented)Have a talent for (doing) sth. 對(duì)（做）某事有天賦12，around the world= all over the world13，havein common 有相同特征 in common with 同一樣14，Kind of 相當(dāng)于副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，意為“稍微，有點(diǎn)”，與a little/ bit 相近A kind of 意為“一種”，some kinds of 意為“幾種”，different kinds of意為“不同種類(lèi)的”，all kinds of 意為“各種各樣的”。這里的kind 是“種，類(lèi)，屬”的意思。15，and so on等等16，be up to是的職責(zé)，由決定 be up to sb to do sth應(yīng)由某人做某事17，play a role/ part in doing sth在中扮演角色，在中發(fā)揮作用，有影響18，部分否定：all，both，everyone，everybody，everything，everywhere，every，each，always等與not連用表示部分否定。 全部否定：allnone，bothneither，everyoneno one/ nobody/ not anyone，everythingnothing/ not anything，everyno，alwaysnever19，make up編造（故事、謊言）20，takeseriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待21，for example例如 follow the example of以為榜樣 give an example舉例 set an example to給樹(shù)立榜樣 such as例如22，come true23，finish+ n/ v-ing24，crowd v.擁擠 eg：They crowd into the room. n.人群 eg：There was a big crowd at the football match. A crowd of students are waiting for the busCrowded adj. 擁擠的.Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？1， 不定式做賓語(yǔ)：want/ hope/ expect/ plan to do2， Learnfrom 從學(xué)習(xí) learn sth by heart熟記 learn sth by oneself自學(xué)3， Plan to do sth/ plan on sth計(jì)劃、打算做某事Plan for sth考慮到某事 make a plan for 為制定計(jì)劃4， Hope to do/ hope that 希望 （沒(méi)有hope sb to do的表達(dá)）I hope so/ I hope not5， Happen to sb/ sth某人/物發(fā)生不幸的事 eg：What happened to him？Happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧Happen偶然發(fā)生 take place事先安排的、人為的發(fā)生6， Expect (sb) to do/ expect that 期待7， One day某天（過(guò)去、將來(lái)）some day某天（將來(lái)） the other day=a few days ago前幾天8， Mean v.意味著（三單為means）Means n.方法、工具、手段 by means ofMeaning n. 意義、含義 the meaning ofMeaningless adj. 毫無(wú)意義的9， Mind v.介意 would/ do you mind (ones)(not) doing sth? I dont mind them. make up ones mind下決心 change ones mind改變主意 never mind沒(méi)關(guān)系、不必?fù)?dān)心 keep in ones mind記住10，think of認(rèn)為、想起 think about認(rèn)為、考慮 think over仔細(xì)考慮11，be famous for因?yàn)槎?be famous as作為而著名12，appear v.出現(xiàn)（disappear消失） appearance n. 出現(xiàn)、露面、外表13，come out出版、發(fā)表，出來(lái)，開(kāi)花14，succeed v.成功 succeed in (doing) sth成功地做某事Success n.成功 Successful adj.成功的 be successful in (doing) sth成功地做某事Successfully adv.成功地15，reason結(jié)論性原因 cause起因 excuse借口16，danger n.危險(xiǎn) be in great danger處于極大危險(xiǎn)中 out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)endanger v. 使遭遇危險(xiǎn)，危及dangerous adj. 危險(xiǎn)的 endangered adj.有滅絕危險(xiǎn)的17，luck n.運(yùn)氣lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的（unlucky不幸的）luckily adv. 幸運(yùn)地18，be ready to do sth愿意做某事 get ready to do sth準(zhǔn)備去做某事 get r