book1Unit4Earthquake自制學(xué)案.doc

Unit 4 Earthquake導(dǎo)學(xué)案Aims1. 了解唐山大地震的有關(guān)情況;地震前發(fā)生的一些異?，F(xiàn)象，地震發(fā)生后對整個城市造成的毀滅性破壞，以及隨之而來的全國軍民大救援等。2. 認(rèn)識到這個道理：如果我們能夠了解并認(rèn)識地震前的預(yù)兆，就能提前做好準(zhǔn)備，讓更多的人獲得求生的機會，減少或避免不必要的損失。3. 進一步練習(xí)閱讀方法與技能，如細(xì)讀close reading,總結(jié)、歸納內(nèi)容的能力summarizing,猜測詞義的能力word-guessing skills4. 學(xué)習(xí)使用談?wù)撨^去經(jīng)歷的句子。5. 學(xué)習(xí)并掌握本課的詞語、表達(dá)方式、語法結(jié)構(gòu)。Warming up 張靜媛一.Translate the following 1. It is always calm before a storm._.2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake._.這里imagine的意思是_.其后可跟名詞，代詞，動詞的ing形式和賓語從句。例如：我想象不出他長的什么樣兒。_.I can hardly imagine two of them_ the enemies.A.defeat B.to defeat C.defeating D.to have defeated3.Describe to your parter what might happen to all the things in the photos.Translate:_.在這里happen to sb/sth的意思是_.例如：你知道大衛(wèi)昨天晚上發(fā)生什么事了嗎？_? 另外，happen to do sth 的意思_ 例如：他來訪時，我恰巧出去了。_.Answers: 暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前總是很平靜的。 現(xiàn)在設(shè)想已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一場大地震。 設(shè)想，想象 I cant imgaine what he looks like. C. 給你的同伴表述一下照片里的東西都發(fā)生了什么事情。 某人或某物發(fā)生什么事情 Do you know what happened to David last night?碰巧做某事 I happened to be out when he called.Reading 劉開芳A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP一Read the text quickly and join the correct parts of the sentences.A. the army came to help them. B. the quake happened while they were sleepingC. they were nervous. D. dams and wells were useless.E. they didnt know what the strange events meant.1. The chickens didnt eat because2. The people didnt worry because3. Such a great number of people died because4. Water was needed because5. The people did not lose hope becauseAnswers: CEBDA二Read the text again and answer the following questions.1. Why didnt chickens eat before the earthquake?2. Why did mice run out into the fields?3. When did these strange events happen?4. Why didnt people worry before the quake?5. When did the first quake last?6. How long did the first quake last?7. How many people were killed or injured in the Tangshan earthquake?8. Why were so many people killed or injured?9. Who were trapped under the ruins when another quake shook Tangshan?10. What did the army do after the big quake?Answers:1. Because they were too nervous.2. Because they wanted to look for places to hide.3. At about 3:00 am,on July28,1976.4. Because they were sleep when the quake happened.5. At 3:42 am,on July 28,1976.6. Fifteen seconds.7. More than 400,000.8. Because they didnt expect the earthquake before it and didnt prepare for it.9. Some of the rescue workers and doctors.10. They dug out those who were trapped and buried the dead.三 Scan the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraphParagraph Topic sentence Position in the paragraph1 2 3 4 Answers: Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. BeginningEverything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end. beginning Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. BeginningAll hope was not lost. Beginning四Read the text carefully again and find some detailed information from it.Paragraph1.Signs before an earthquakeWhat can see:_.What can smell:_.What can hear:_.Answers:Water in the village wells rose and fell;the well walls had deep cracks in them;The chickens and the pigs were too nervous to eat;Mice ran out of the fields looking for place to hide ; Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds; There were bright lights in the sky;The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.Paragraph2:What happened in the earthquake A huge crack_.Steam _.Hard hills of rock_.In fifteen seconds_.Two-thirds of people_.Thousands of families_.The number of _.Answers:That was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.Burst from holes in the ground.Became rivers of dirt.A large city lay in ruins.Died or were injured during the earthquake.Were killed and many children were left without parents.Peopoe who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Paragraph3.Destructions of the earthquake:Hospitals:_.Factories and buildings:_.Bricks:_.Dams and bridges:_.railway tracks:_.cows:_.pigs and chickens:_.Answers: All of them were gone. 75of the factories and buildings were gone.Covered the ground like red autumn leaves. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. Were now useless pieces of steel. Would never give milk again. Were dead. Paragraph4.some rescue work:The army_.to the north of the city_. Workers_.Answers: organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.;most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.五Read the text again and finish the following passage._ happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells _. From the _ of wells _came out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became _. At 3:00 am, everything began to _.It seemed that the world was _. _ of the nation _ it. _ cut across the city. The city lay _. Two-thirds of the people died or _. Then later that afternoon, another big quake _ Tangshan. People began to wonder _. But all hope _. Soldiers came to help those _. Slowly, the city began to _.Answers:Strange things rose and fell cracks smelly gas nervous Shake at an end One-third felt A huge crack in ruins were injured shook how long the disaster would last was not lost survivors breathe againLanguage points 李云穎 白曉峰 I.Exercises1.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.translate_.短語be covered with 的意思是_;例如：地面上全是雪。The ground _ _ _snow.2.Sand now filled the wells instead of water. translate_.短語be filled with的意思是_,相當(dāng)于短語_.例如：我們都十分佩服他的成就。We_ all _ _admiration for his achievements. Instead of的意思是_,其用法相當(dāng)于介詞，常用在名詞，副詞，形容詞，代詞，介詞短語或動名詞前。Instead是副詞，不能接任何詞，意思是代替，頂替，反而，卻。 例如：他沒有回答，反而轉(zhuǎn)身離開了房間。He didnt reply._,he turned on his heel 突然轉(zhuǎn)身and left the room.現(xiàn)在我可以步行去上班，而不必開車了。I can walk to work _ going by car.3.Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.translate_.這里which引導(dǎo)的是_從句，修飾_把它分解成兩個完全獨立的句子為：A._.B,_.4.All hope was not lost.也可以說成：Not all hope was lost.意思是： _.它是部分否定。而No wind,however,could blow them away.是全部否定。意思是_.區(qū)別并翻譯：Not all the birds can sing._.No birds can sing._.5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. translate_.短語organize sb to do sth的意思是_Eg:上周學(xué)生會組織了我們進行大掃除。 The students union_ _ _ do the cleaning last week.They organized the workers into unions.translate_.6. To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.translate_.在這里，to the north of: 在的北面表示不屬于同一范圍In the north of表示在同一范圍On the north of 表示兩地毗鄰或接壤。Eg.用to the east of in the east of on the east of 填空J(rèn)apan is _Asia.Japan is _China.North Korean is _China.思考：引導(dǎo)詞為什么用whose， 在這里whose 相當(dāng)于_. 例如：7. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.translate_.在這里，whose homes had been destroyed 是_從句，修飾_.你認(rèn)識那個父親是工程師的男孩嗎？Do you know that boy _father is an engineer?who whose whomAnswers:1.磚頭象秋天的落葉樣蓋在了地面上。 為覆蓋 is/was covered with 2.現(xiàn)在井中滿是沙子而不是水。 充滿了 be full of are filled with 取代，代替 instead instead of 3.另外一次和第一次一樣強烈的地震再次襲擊了唐山。 定語 quake Another big quake shook Tangshan. The quake was almost as strong as the first one. 4.并非所有的希望都破滅了。 然而沒有風(fēng)能夠刮走它們。 并非所有的鳥都會唱歌。 沒有一只鳥會唱歌。 5.部隊組織小組挖掘被困在下面的，同時掩埋死者。 組織某人做某事 organized us to 他們組織工人成立工會。 6.在城市的北方，10000礦工的絕大部分都被從那里 的煤礦里救出來了。 In the east of to the east of on the east of 7.工人們?yōu)樾掖嬲叽罱ū茈y所，他們的家都被徹底破壞了。定語 surviors surviors whose II.Explanation1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away imagine: imagine + n. /pron./ G./ cl. imagine sb. to be shake : cause to move to and fro right away : at once ; in no time ; immediately right now : at this very moment Make up your mind_. Ill return the book_. 2.burst : to come open or fly apart suddenly The balloon suddenly burst. burst into + n. Some robbers burst into that house. burst out burst out + doing They burst out laughing. burst into+ n. burst out + doing He burst into laughter. = He burst out laughing He burst into tears. = He burst out crying. 3 . But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night. ( Non- Defining Attributive Clauses ) Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to like your deepest(Unit 1 ) because those who ruled England at that time spoke French. ( Unit 2 ) The plains where rice grows. ( Unit 3 ) ( Defining Attributive Clause ) 4. Two-thirds of the people died or were _injured_during the earthquake. (1)two-thirds= two thirds More than 61% of the surface of the surface of the earth _covered by water. Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _young. (2)injure: to hurt oneself/ sb / sth. physically Compare: injure/ hurt/wound Their criticisms _him deeply. have hurt Smoking will _his health. He was slightly _in the car accident. He got _in the fighting. What you said _my feeling. 5. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. wonder : v. A. to have a feeling of surprise. B. to be filled with curiosity or doubt. n. one that arouses astonishment, surprise ; admiration It is no wonder (that )= No wonder (that) -Tom often works deep into the night every day. -No wonder he always gets first in the examinations. 6. All hope was not lost. allnot = not all.: some but not all Not all the children are left. (= Only some of them left early.) Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) & none of . None of us were allowed to go there. None of these reports is very helpful. Grammar 白春芳一、關(guān)系代詞1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語也可以省略。eg：this is your book （which）you want。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置 2. which作賓語時，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級時.以及先行詞中既有人又有物時.還有句中前面有which時,都只能用that4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語 二、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for whichwhere=to whichwhen=during whichwhose=of which1. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句 2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間注值得一提的是，表示時間“time一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo) By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 3. whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時, 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣.4. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導(dǎo)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話Some exercises1. The teacher has two children, _ are doctors.A.