篇章翻譯復(fù)習(xí).doc

篇章翻譯。英譯漢。 How to Reduce Stress and Be Happy on the JobBy Gary DesslerQUSTION:Have you any quick simple suggestions for how I can reduce the stress Im under at work? Im a manager in a large bank, and between company politics, customers who dont pay back their loans, and my heavy workload, I find myself under what seems to be unrelenting stress and pressure at work. The stress is beginning to affect my work and family life, and any suggestions would be appreciated. ANSWER: Suggestions range from “get more sleep” to “use meditation.” But in a recent book, stress and the manager, Dr. Karl Albrecht suggests the following to reduce stress on the job: l Build rewarding, pleasant, cooperative relationships with as many of your colleagues and employees as you can.l Dont bite off more than you can chew. Take on only those assignments that you know you have time for.l Build an especially effective and supportive relationship with your boss. Understand his or her problems and help the boss understand yours.l Negotiate realistic deadlines on important projects with your boss. Be prepared to propose deadlines yourself, rather than have them imposed.l Study the future. Learn as much as you can about likely coming events, so that you can anticipate them well in advance. l Find time every day for detachment and relaxation. l Take a walk now and then to keep your body refreshed and alert.l Make a noise survey of your office area and find ways to reduce unnecessary racket.l Get away from your office from time to time for a change of scene and a change of mind. l Reduce the amount of trivia to which you give your attention. Delegate routine paperwork to others whenever possible.l Limit interruptions. Try to schedule certain periods of “interruptability” each day and save other periods of time for your own purposes.l Make sure you know how to delegate effectively.l Dont put off dealing with distasteful problems such as counseling a problem employee.l Make a constructive “worry list.” Write down the problems that concern you and beside each write down what youre going to do about it, so that none of the problems will continue to bother your unconsciously. 如何減輕壓力，保持心情愉快問題：您與什么既簡(jiǎn)單又見效快的建議來減輕我在工作中遇到的壓力嗎？我是某家大銀行的一名經(jīng)理。處在公司的各項(xiàng)政策、不還貸款的客戶和我自己繁重的工作量之間，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在工作中承受的壓力似乎是無法減輕的。這種壓力開始影響到我的工作以及我的家庭生活，您的任何建議我都會(huì)十分感激。回答：（類似的）建議有很多，從“多睡覺”一直“沉思冥想”。但是在最近的一部新書壓力與經(jīng)理中，Karl albrecht博士對(duì)于減輕工作壓力有如下建議：l 盡可能與更多的同事和員工建立有益愉快的合作關(guān)系。l 不要貪多嚼不爛。只承擔(dān)那些你知道你有時(shí)間做的工作。和你的上司建立一種效率特別高而又相互支持的關(guān)系。理解他/她的問題所在，也幫助她他理解你的問題所在。l 在重要項(xiàng)目上與你的上司進(jìn)行協(xié)商，制定出切實(shí)可行的最后期限。準(zhǔn)備好自己提出最后期限，而不是讓上司強(qiáng)加給你。l 研究未來。對(duì)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情知道的越多越好，以便于你能提前做好準(zhǔn)備。l 每天都找些時(shí)間放下工作休息一會(huì)兒。l 不時(shí)地去散散步會(huì)使你精神煥發(fā)，神清氣爽。l 在你的辦公區(qū)周圍作個(gè)噪音調(diào)查，想辦法減少不必要的噪音。l 經(jīng)常離開你的辦公室，換換地方，換換腦筋。l 少做分散注意力的無關(guān)緊要的事情，盡量讓別人代你去處理日常信件。l 限制打擾。每天列出一段時(shí)間作為可以打擾的時(shí)間，把剩下的時(shí)間留給自己。l 確保你知道如何有效地讓別人替你做事。l 及時(shí)處理那些令人討厭的事情，諸如幫助一位遇到麻煩的員工等。l 制定一份具有建設(shè)性的憂慮單，把你擔(dān)心的問題都寫在上面，在每個(gè)問題旁寫下你打算怎么處理這個(gè)問題，這樣，這些問題不會(huì)在潛意識(shí)里困擾你了。Healthwatch （健康瞭望）How much exercise do you think people need in order to stay healthy? What kind of exercise is best?Ellen and David are committed to their workout at the health club. They both go every day after work and spend at least one hour doing vigorous exercise, alternating tough aerobics classes with working out on the machines and lifting weights. Both are in shape and feel fit. They believe in the motto “No pain, no gain”. Andy and Pam are sitting in front of the television and watching yet another commercial for the local gym. It all seems overwhelming-going to the gym, working up a sweat, even finding the time. Neither one is an athlete, nor do they really care to lean a sport now. Are you more like Ellen and David or Andy and Pam? Or do you fall somewhere in between? We all know that exercise is important in keeping the body healthy and reducing the risks of disease. It also cuts down on stress and protects the bodys immune system. But for many people, the word exercise conjures up hours of boring, strenuous activity. Recently, however, scientific studies have found that health benefits can be achieved with non-strenuous exercise. This is very encouraging news for all those people who thought they had to be athletes or work as hard as athletes to make exercise worth it. The new guidelines say that every adult should do at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week. And these 30 minutes can even be broken down into smaller segments during the day. The important thing is to be consistent and make exercise part of your daily life. There are many ways to achieve this without buying expensive equipment or joining a health club. Walking is one of the best ways to get exercise. Try to go for a walk after lunch or dinner to boost your metabolism and work off some calories. If possible, walk all or part of the way to work or school. Use the stairs instead of the elevator whenever you can. Gardening, raking leaves, and dancing are also good activities. (However, walking to the coffee or vending machine doesnt count!) As for sports, even if tennis or golf dont appeal to you, hiking and cycling can be relaxing and beneficial too. Remember, you can be serious about exercise about exercise without taking it too seriously!參考譯文：健康瞭望你知道一個(gè)人保持身體健康需要進(jìn)行多少鍛煉嗎？什么是最好的鍛煉方式？我們真正需要進(jìn)行多少鍛煉？Ellen 和David對(duì)在健身俱樂部進(jìn)行鍛煉很投入。他們倆每天下班后就花上至少一小時(shí)進(jìn)行劇烈的鍛煉，交替參加劇烈的增氧健身課、在跑步機(jī)上運(yùn)動(dòng)及舉重。他們身體都很健康，而且感覺良好。他們信奉的座右銘是不勞無獲。Andy 和Pam 正坐在電視機(jī)前觀看為當(dāng)?shù)亟∩眇^拍的又一個(gè)廣告片?？雌饋碚孀屓耸懿涣艘浇∩眇^去，鍛煉出一身汗，甚至能否抽得出時(shí)間還是個(gè)問題。他們倆誰都不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且現(xiàn)在誰也不真的想學(xué)一項(xiàng)體育項(xiàng)目。你更像Ellen 和David還是更像Andy 和Pam？還是屬于兩者之間？我們都知道鍛煉身體對(duì)保持身體健康和減少疾病非常重要。鍛煉身體還會(huì)減輕壓力，保護(hù)身體的免疫系統(tǒng)。但是對(duì)很多人來說，一說起鍛煉身體這個(gè)詞，就會(huì)聯(lián)想到長達(dá)幾小時(shí)的乏味而累人的活動(dòng)。然而最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以通過非疲勞性的鍛煉方式而是身體獲益。How safe is your home?Do you feel that your home is a safe place and that danger lies only in the outside world? Would danger lies only in the outside world? Would you be surprised to learn that your ”safe place” could be a very dangerous place? The truth is that accidents at home result in more injuries than motor vehicle and workplace accidents put together. Serious injuries and even death can be caused by accidental falls, fires, burns, poisonings, and electrical hazards.Falls are the number one cause of accidental deaths in the home every year and the main reason for accidental deaths of the elderly. They are mostly due to slippery surfaces or loose rugs. Fires, often caused by cigarette smoking, are more dangerous for the smoke and poisonous gases they create than for the actual flames. Electrical hazards, responsible for many home fires, are frequently caused by overloaded wires and fixtures. Burns happen most often to children and the elderly, usually in the bathroom, when the water is too hot. The leading cause of accidental deaths at home for people between the ages of 14 and 44 is poisoning, often the result of the misuse of medicines.Accidents and injuries in the home dont have to happen. They can be prevented if simple precautions are taken. In the kitchenl Turn all pot handles toward the back of the stove.l Use a steady step stool when reaching for items on high shelves.l Keep a fire extinguisher nearby.l Keep knives and sharp objects in a safe place.l Store cleaning materials and poisons in their original containers and lock them away if you have small children.Throughout the house l Dont plug too many appliances into the same wall outlet or extensions cord. l Make sure rugs and carpets are secure. Never hide an electrical cord under a rug.l If an electrical cord is damaged in any way, do not use it. Have it repaired or replaced.l Keep hallways and stairs well lighted and free from clutter.l Install smoke detectors and keep them in working order.l If you smoke, never smoke in bed and be careful not to smoke in a place where you might fall asleep.l Keep emergency numbers next to the telephone.參考譯文：您的家有多安全？你認(rèn)為事故發(fā)生最多的地方是在哪兒？是在工作地點(diǎn)，在家，還是在高速路上？造成傷害最主要的原因有哪些？你是不是覺得你的家是個(gè)安全的地方，危險(xiǎn)只存在于外部世界？如果你得知你的安全之地可能會(huì)是一個(gè)非常危險(xiǎn)的地方，你會(huì)感到驚訝嗎？事實(shí)上，在家里發(fā)生的意外比機(jī)動(dòng)車事故和在工作場(chǎng)合發(fā)生的事故的總和還要多。這些意外的摔倒、著火、燒傷、中毒和觸電都可能造成嚴(yán)重的傷害甚至死亡。摔傷是每年造成家庭意外死亡的頭號(hào)殺手而且是造成老年人意外死亡的主要原因。摔傷主要是由于地面太滑或地毯鋪的不平而造成的?；馂?zāi)通常是由抽煙引起的，著火產(chǎn)生的煙霧和毒氣比火焰的危險(xiǎn)性更大。與電有關(guān)的災(zāi)禍?zhǔn)窃斐啥嗥鸺彝セ馂?zāi)的原因。大多是由于電線和設(shè)備負(fù)荷過重引起的。兒童和老年人通常因?yàn)樵∈依锼疁靥叨粻C傷。14歲到44歲之間的人在家里意外死亡的首要原因是中毒，一般是服藥不當(dāng)造成的。發(fā)生在家里的意外傷害不是不可避免的，只需采取一些簡(jiǎn)單的措施就可避免這些意外傷害的發(fā)生。廚房里的安全小知識(shí)l 把所有的水壺并都朝向爐子的另一側(cè)。l 從高架子上取東西的時(shí)候要用一個(gè)穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)奶莸省 在附近準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)滅火器。l 將刀具和尖銳的物品放在安全的地方。l 將洗滌用品和藥物放在他們本來裝的容器里，如果家里有小孩子，把這些東西鎖好。 整幢房屋的注意事項(xiàng)l 不要在墻上的同一個(gè)電源插座或插線板上太多的電器。l 確保大小地毯鋪放安全。千萬別把電線藏在地毯下面。l 如果電線有任何損壞就不要再用了。拿去修理或者換一條新的電線。l 保持門廳和樓梯處使之保持良好的工作狀態(tài)。l 如果你抽煙，千萬不要在床上抽煙，也要注意別在你可能會(huì)睡著的地方抽煙。l 把緊急電話號(hào)碼放在電話附近。提示：下面的一篇文章是中英高層聯(lián)合大會(huì)開幕式上英方首席代表的講話。請(qǐng)將本篇講話翻譯成漢語。 It is a real pleasure to be here to open the third meeting of our forum and to be welcoming such a distinguished and influential group of people from both our countries, many of whom are now old friends. The forum aims to represent the strength of the relationship between our two countries outside the political relationship and looking round today it is clear that the relationship is very strong indeed. It is a sign for me that the forum goes from strength to strength and I believe it is playing a key role in the relations between our two countries as confirmed by the Prime Minister in our call on him this morning. This year, we have taken the theme “The Challenge of Globalization” for our meetings and discussions. This theme has a particular resonance for me. On 11th September, I, along with a number of world statesmen, was in Beijing to discuss China and the World in the 21st Century. None of us could possibly have known as we debated economic development, environmental change and security issues what was going to happen that day. But many of the speakers warned of the fragility of the world order. It made me realize more clearly than at any other time just how very important “understanding” between the nations of the world is.Our forum, and the discussion we will have in the next day and a half, are part of this vital process of understanding. Globalization is a challenge for all of us, both developed and developing countries and we have a lot to share and learn. As globalization increases and as all our countries come to terms with the global reach of many industries, we can, as different nations, work together to understand the issues and effects these developments bring. Those opportunities can only be grasped by people. People talk, travel, exchange ideas and experiences. And that is what we are here today to do. Our discussions here will centre around a number of very interesting issues: trade and the environment in the globalization of the economy, Chinese culture facing the world, e-learning and e-commerce, balancing public purposes and commercial interests in the media, and China after WTO to name but a few. As far as I can see, joining the WTO presents a huge challenge for China. The requirements of joining WTO for corporate governance, for transparency and for reliable and enforceable laws, whilst producing some pain in the short term, will no doubt be part of the way in which economic growth can be encouraged and sustained. I personally am much looking forward to my own involvement in the discussions o