初中英語特殊句式歸納.doc

精品文檔特殊句式一、概說 特殊句式包含倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、反意疑問句等。 二、部分倒裝 即將主語與助動(dòng)詞倒置，其結(jié)構(gòu)與一般疑問句大致相同。英語中構(gòu)成部分倒裝的主要情形有：1.含否定意義的詞(如never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等)置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。如：Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door. 她剛開始說話就聽到了敲門聲。Little do we know his life. 我們對他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你絕不要告訴他這事。2.only加狀語（副詞/介詞短語/從句）放在句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。如： Only in this way can you do it well. 只有這樣你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)他才知道出了什么事。3.so (neither, nor)表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時(shí)，用“so (neither, nor) + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”這樣的倒裝句式。如： He can sing English songs and so can I. 他會(huì)唱英語歌，我也會(huì)。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他沒有看這部電影，我也沒有看。She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮，她媽媽年輕時(shí)也很漂亮。4.當(dāng)虛擬條件句含有were, should, had時(shí)，可省略if, 將were，should, had置干句首。如： Were I Tom(= If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我就會(huì)拒絕。Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了這一點(diǎn)，我可能會(huì)采取某種行動(dòng)。5.so. that結(jié)構(gòu)中，將SO + adj. (adv. )置于句首時(shí)，其后要用倒裝語序。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好待在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。三、完全倒裝 即將謂語移到主語前。英語中構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形主要有：1.以here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭的句子，且句子主語是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。 Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在該你了。Then came a new difficulty. 然后又產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)新的困難。The door opened and in came Mr Li. 門開了，李先生走了進(jìn)來。注：若主語為代詞，則不用完全倒裝。如：The door opened and in she came. 門開了，她走了進(jìn)來。2.將表語和地點(diǎn)狀語（多為介詞短語）置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后通常用倒裝語序。如： Among them was my friend Jim. 他們當(dāng)中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall trees. 湖的四周有些高樹。注：在表語置于句首的倒裝結(jié)中，要注意其中的謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后主語的數(shù)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。四、it的基本用法 it的基本用法包括：指事物，指動(dòng)物或嬰兒，指上文提到的情況，指身份不明的人，指時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境、天氣等自然現(xiàn)象，籠統(tǒng)地談?wù)撃城闆r等。如：Its still raining. 還在下雨。Its two miles to the beach. 到海邊有兩英里。It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡館里很安靜。They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他們生了個(gè)孩子，很可愛。Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人來過。但我們不知道是誰。五、用作形式主語或形式賓語 1.形式主語：當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作主語時(shí)，為避免頭重腳輕，通常在句首使用形式主語it，而把真正的主語放在句子末尾。如： Did it take you such a long time to recite this short passage? 你背誦這么一小段文章花了這么長時(shí)間？Its no use saying any more about it. 再談這事沒有用了。Its not known where she went. 她到哪里去了沒人知道。2.形式賓語：當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，就應(yīng)在賓語補(bǔ)足語前使用形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末。如： I find it easy to get on with her. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她很容易相處。I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。They havent made it known where they are to hold the conference. 他們還沒宣布會(huì)議在哪里召開。六、幾種特殊用法的it 1.enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等動(dòng)詞后接if從句或when從句通常應(yīng)先在動(dòng)詞后接it作形式賓語。如： She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。He hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能幫助我做這件事，我會(huì)十分感激。2.用于以下特殊句型中： It doesnt matter (if). 沒關(guān)系It seems (appears) that (as if). （看起來）似乎It happens that. 碰巧Its. since. 自以來有多久了。七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It + be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that(who)。如： It was in the office that he was arrested. 他就是在這間辦公室被捕的。It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子們打破窗戶的。注：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)，可用who代替其中的that, 但當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)時(shí)，不能用when和where代替that。2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語時(shí)，注意句子的謂語動(dòng)詞和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。如 ：It is he who is late .就是他遲到了。 It is they that were late .是他們遲到了。八、祈使句 1.祈使句主要用于提出請求，發(fā)出邀請，給予指示、忠告或警告，也可用于發(fā)出命令等。 2.祈使句的特點(diǎn)是：一般不出現(xiàn)主語(you)，但有時(shí)為了指明向誰發(fā)出請求或命令，也可以說出主語；謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原形；否定式一律在動(dòng)詞前面加dont。如： Come this way, madam. 這邊走，夫人。Dont lose the key. 別把鑰匙丟了。Someone fetch a pail of water. 誰去打一桶水來。九、感嘆句 感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是：What + a(n)+adj + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+ 主語 + 動(dòng)詞）! What + adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞！How + adj. (adv. )（+ 主語 + 動(dòng)詞）! How + adj. + a(n) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+ 主語 + 動(dòng)詞）! 如：What a lovely day it is! 多好的天氣！What a good heart you have! 你的心真好！What interesting stories hes told us! 他給我們講的故事真有趣！How clever the boy is! 這男孩真聰明！How clever a boy he is! 他這孩子真聰明！十、反意疑問句 反意疑問句的涉及面很廣，可能涉及的考點(diǎn)有：1.若陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞，其反意疑問部分要用肯定式。如： Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉，是嗎？He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少來看你，是嗎？但若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴的詞，反意疑問部分仍用否定式。如：It is unfair，isnt it? 這不公平，不是嗎？It is impossible, isnt it? 那是不可能的，不是嗎？2.若陳述部分的主語為somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, nobody, no one等復(fù)合不定代詞，其反意疑問部分的主語在正式文體中用he，在口語或非正式文體中通常用they。如： Nobody was hurt, were they? 沒有一個(gè)人受傷，是嗎？當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，其反意疑問部分的主語要用it。如：Nothing is important, is it? 沒有什么重要的，是嗎？Everything was going well, wasnt it? 一切都很順利，不是嗎？3.若陳述部分含有動(dòng)詞have, 則應(yīng)注意：若為助動(dòng)詞，反意疑問部分也用have; 若表示“所有”，反意疑問部分可以用have，也可以用do; 若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑問部分要用do, 不能用have; 若用于have to，則通常用助動(dòng)詞do的形式，不過有時(shí)也可用have（尤其是表示特定行為時(shí)）。如： He has a lot of money, hasnt doesnt he? 他有許多錢，不是嗎？He doesnt have any money, does he? 他沒有錢，是嗎？He has supper at five, doesnt he? 他5點(diǎn)吃晚餐，是嗎？He often has to get up early, doesnt he? 他經(jīng)常要早起，是嗎？4.若陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則情況比較復(fù)雜：在通常情況下，當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問部分會(huì)重復(fù)前面同樣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；若含有must, 則反意疑問部分可能用mustnt或neednt （表示“必須”或“有必要”時(shí)），也可能根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞形式來確定（當(dāng)must表示推測時(shí)）。如： The boy can read and write, cant he? 這男孩會(huì)讀寫，是嗎？You must leave at once, mustnt neednt you? 你必須（有必要）馬上離開，是嗎？He must be tired, isnt he? 他一定累了，是嗎？He must have read it, hasnt didnt he? 他一定讀過，是嗎？5.若陳述部分為祈使句，則其反意疑問部分通常用will you, wont you, would you等，但若陳述部分為否定式，則反意疑問部分只用will you。如： Try to be back by two, wont you? 盡量兩點(diǎn)之前回來，好嗎？Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 別忘了寄信，好嗎？注：當(dāng)祈使句為Lets時(shí)，反意疑問部分要用shall we，但是當(dāng)祈使句為Let us. 時(shí)，則要分兩種情況：即表示請求時(shí)，反意疑問部分用will you; 表示建議時(shí)，反意疑問句用shall we。如：Lets phone her now, shall we? 我們現(xiàn)在就給她打電話，好嗎？Let us know your address, will you? 請把你的地址告訴我們，好嗎？Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我們一起去游泳，好嗎？6.若陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句，其反意疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句保持一致，但陳述部分為I think (believe, suppose, etc. ) that時(shí)，反意疑問部分通常與從句保持一致（注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移）。如： She said that I did it, didnt she? 她說是我干的，是嗎？I think that he is wrong, isnt he? 我認(rèn)為他錯(cuò)了，是嗎（他錯(cuò)了嗎）? I dont suppose he will come, will he? 我想他不會(huì)來了，是嗎？7.幾種特殊情況的反意疑問句：若陳述部分是Im. ，反意疑問句通常用arent I；若陳述部分是I wish. ，則反意疑問部分通常用may I。如： Im older than you, arent I? 我年紀(jì)比你大，對不對？I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他們一起去，可以嗎？診斷測試( )1. Look ! _. A Here the bus comes B Here comes the bus C Comes here the bus D The bus comes here( ) 2. _ expensive the trousers are! A What B What a C How D What an( )3. -Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave. -Dont worry. I_. A dont B wont C cant D havent( )4. My mother can hardly ride a bike , and _. A so cant my father B cant my father either C my father cant too D neither can my father( )5 Its sundy today .Lets go and climb the hill, _? A wont we B will you C dont we D shall we( )6 -Sorry , Im late for the meeting . -_ dont matter this time . Please come earlier next time。 A this B that C It D One( ) 7 _ was important for Tom to pass the exam. A It B He C This D That( )8 _great day October 1, 2009 was! A How a B What a C How D What( )9 - You found your keys in the office , didnt you . -No , It was _I found them . A in the classroom B in the classroom that C in the classroom where D the classroom where ( )10 Youve dropped your mobile phon ._please. A Pick up it B Pick it up C Take up it D Bring it up經(jīng)典真題（ ）1 -I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday . -_, and _ . A So she did ; so did I B So did she ; so I did C So she was ;so I was D So was she ; so I was（ ）2 -Two Evening Papers , please !-Only one copy left . Would you like _, sir? A one B it C this D that ( )3 Mary got good grades in school . _ excited she is ! A What B What a C How D How a( ) 4 _sleep too late . Its bad for your health . A Do B Not C Dont D Please not ( )5 Email is very popular today . People seldom write letters now ,_ ? A did they B do they C didnt they D dont they ( ) 6 Our hometown is more beautiful than before , _-? A isnt it B is it C doesnt it D does it ( ) 7 -Millions of people know about Susan now , _? -_ , she becomes well-known because of her success on Britains Got Talent .A do they ; No B do they ; Yes C dont they ; Yes D dont they ; Yes 8 Dont forget to put the book back on the shelf ,_? A do you B dont you C will you D wont you9 You havent been to Beijing , have you ? - _ . How I wish to go there。 A Yes , I have B No , I havent C Yes I havent D No , I have 10 I dont think he can drive a car ,_? A do you B can he C cant he D dont you11 It was at the bus stop _he gave me the dictionary yesterday. A that B what C which D when 12 Marys mother often tells her that she should keep her room tidy , but _dont help . A he B which C she D it13 -You wont leave the baby at home alone , will you ? -_ . Its very dangerous. A No , I wont B Yes , I wi