定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化即.doc

定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化即：如果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞的前面，這和漢語(yǔ)的詞序是一樣的;如果定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，定語(yǔ)就要放在中心詞的后面，這時(shí)就要注意斷句，重復(fù)先行詞。1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題上，我和你有同樣的問(wèn)題。翻譯下面句子：1.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. 2.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. 答案：1. 有效的維持紀(jì)律通常是由一些學(xué)生來(lái)做的，而這些學(xué)生則負(fù)責(zé)給學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提建議。2.作出這些刻記的游牧人，依靠狩獵和捕魚(yú)生活在冰河時(shí)代的晚期。這段時(shí)期大約始于公元前35，000年而結(jié)束于公元前10，000年。翻譯下面句子：1. 只要中國(guó)人民積極奮斗，這個(gè)宏偉戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)定能達(dá)到。（宏偉戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo):grand strategic objective）2.我們?cè)蕉嗾f(shuō)英語(yǔ)就能說(shuō)得越好。（the the）3.幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)， 他一直苦苦思索著，如何讓這些畢業(yè)生相信，他們也能克服似乎難以挑戰(zhàn)的困難獲取成功， 他們也能創(chuàng)造奇跡。答案：1. If the Chinese people work hard , they can definitely attain this grand strategic objective. 2. The more we speak English, the better we can speak it. 3.For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they ,too, could succeed against seemingly impossible odds, that they could move mountains.翻譯下面句子：1. 這就全看你支部支持我了。2.你還沒(méi)有回答我的問(wèn)題，那就是我是否能指望你。3.沒(méi)多久，他的閱讀便超出了意志堅(jiān)定的母親所規(guī)定的數(shù)目，他迫不及待地與母親分享閱讀的快樂(lè)。答案：1. It all depends on whether you support me. 2. You have yet to answer my question whether I can count on you. 3. Before long he was reading more books than his determined mother required, and he couldnt wait to share them with her.學(xué)位英語(yǔ)漢譯英常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤1. 中文：那人問(wèn)我他何時(shí)能到達(dá)車(chē)站。誤）The man asked me that when he could reach the station.（正）The man asked me when he could reach the station.（when可引導(dǎo)名詞從句，不再使用that.）2.中文：原因是他不知道如何去做。（誤）The reason is because he does not know how to do it.（正）The reason is that he does not know how to do it.（because不能引導(dǎo)名詞從句。）3.中文：她寫(xiě)的信在桌子上。（誤）The letter is on the desk which she wrote.（正）The letter which she wrote is on the desk.（定語(yǔ)從句通常緊跟在被修飾詞后面。）4.中文：她是幾個(gè)通過(guò)考試的學(xué)生之一。（誤）She is one of the few students who has passed the exam.（正）She is one of the few students who have passed the exam.（one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。）5.中文：圓窗戶(hù)的建筑物是我們的教學(xué)大樓。（誤）The building which windows are round is our school building.（正）The building whose windows are round is our school building.（windows是屬于building的，用關(guān)系代詞的所有格。）6.中文：那是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^(guān)過(guò)的科學(xué)博物館。誤）Thats the Science Museum where we visited last year.（正）Thats the Science Museum which we visited last year.（Science Museum是visited的賓語(yǔ)，要用關(guān)系代詞which，而不能用關(guān)系副詞where.）7.中文：那是一本有藍(lán)色封面的書(shū)。（誤）That is a book the cover of that is blue.（正）That is a book the cover of which is blue.（關(guān)系代詞的所有格用of which，不用of that.）8.中文：他是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最令人討厭的講演者。（誤）He is the most boring speaker who I have ever seen.（正）He is the most boring speaker that I have ever seen.（先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或the only（唯一的），the same（同一的），the very（正是那個(gè)），all（全部），any（任何），no（無(wú)一），every（每一個(gè)），much（多），little（少），none（無(wú)一）等詞修飾時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代詞that，而不用who或which.）9.中文：掉進(jìn)河里的人和馬都淹死了。（誤）The man and the horse who fell into the river were drowned.（正）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.（who只可代替先行詞人，that可代替先行詞人和物）。10.中文：這是你花了高價(jià)買(mǎi)的車(chē)嗎?（誤）Is this the car for that you paid a high price?（正）Is this the car for which you paid a high price?（關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并放在介詞之后時(shí)，只能用whom和which;關(guān)系代詞that如作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只可緊靠先行詞，將介詞放在句尾。）英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣有很多差異之處，翻譯時(shí)往往不能死扣原文逐詞逐句譯出。本文擬談?wù)勑稳菰~的翻譯問(wèn)題。一、一些原義并無(wú)否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配有時(shí)可譯成否定句1. These goods are in short supply.這些貨物供應(yīng)不足。2. This equation is far from being complicated.這個(gè)方程一定也不復(fù)雜。二、為了使譯文自然流暢，讀起來(lái)順口，在一些形容詞前可根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.這是我度過(guò)最愉快的一天。2. It is easy to compress a gas.氣體很容易壓縮。三、有時(shí)可將英語(yǔ)的“形容詞+名詞短語(yǔ)”譯成漢語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1. She spoke in a high voice.她講話(huà)聲音很尖。2. This engine develops a high torque.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩很大。四、如果一個(gè)名詞前有幾個(gè)形容詞修飾，英譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣決定其順序1. a large brick conference hall一個(gè)用磚砌的大會(huì)議廳2. a plastic garden chair一把在花園里用的塑料椅子五、英語(yǔ)中一些表示知覺(jué)、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞同連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)可將形容詞譯成動(dòng)詞1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.類(lèi)似的批評(píng)在他后來(lái)寫(xiě)的評(píng)論美國(guó)的文章中屢見(jiàn)不鮮。3. He is truly sorry for his past， and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他誠(chéng)懇地懺悔過(guò)去，并保證永遠(yuǎn)不再玩汽車(chē)。六、由于語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣不同，英語(yǔ)里的形容詞有時(shí)譯成漢語(yǔ)副詞1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要對(duì)每一個(gè)人都親切、溫順、和善。2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他詳盡地問(wèn)起我自己和我家里的情況。3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再來(lái)一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將徹底毀滅我們這個(gè)國(guó)家。從以上幾個(gè)方面可以看出，譯好形容詞是使譯文通順、流暢的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。定語(yǔ)的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化，即：如果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞的前面，這和漢語(yǔ)的詞序是一樣的；如果定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，定語(yǔ)就要放在中心詞的后面，這時(shí)就要注意斷句，重復(fù)先行詞，例如：1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題上，我和你有同樣的問(wèn)題。翻譯下面句子：1.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.2.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35，000 B.C. and ended about 10，000 B.C.1. 有效的維持紀(jì)律通常是由一些學(xué)生來(lái)做的，而這些學(xué)生則負(fù)責(zé)給學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提建議。2.作出這些刻記的游牧人，依靠狩獵和捕魚(yú)生活在冰河時(shí)代的晚期。這段時(shí)期大約始于公元前35，000年而結(jié)束于公元前10，000年。翻譯下面句子：1. 只要中國(guó)人民積極奮斗，這個(gè)宏偉戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)定能達(dá)到。（宏偉戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)：grand strategic objective）2.我們?cè)蕉嗾f(shuō)英語(yǔ)就能說(shuō)得越好。（the the）3.For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they ，too， could succeed against seemingly impossible odds， that they could move mountains.1. If the Chinese people work hard ， they can definitely attain this grand strategic objective.2.the more we speak English， the better we can speak it.3.幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)， 他一直苦苦思索著，如何讓這些畢業(yè)生相信，他們也能克服似乎難以挑戰(zhàn)的困難獲取成功， 他們也能創(chuàng)造奇跡。翻譯下面句子：1. 這就全看你支部支持我了。2.你還沒(méi)有回答我的問(wèn)題，那就是我是