名詞性從句講解 思維導圖 附練習題 高中英語語法 三大從句 語法講解與練習.doc

名詞性從句講解 思維導圖（附練習題）定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses). 名詞性從句包括主語,賓語,表語,同位語從句. 名詞性從句中使用陳述句語序。 從屬連詞that; whether; if (只起引導從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分） 連接代詞 what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which,等. 在從句 中做主語，賓語，表語，定語等句子成分。 連接副詞when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever等 在從句中做狀語成分。 1.分類 引導名詞性從句的連接詞 2. 名詞性從句的連接詞選用原則：“缺什么就補什么” I know what he is talking about. (從句中缺賓語,指物) Do you know who he is? (從句中缺表語,指人) Where he will go is unknown. (從句中缺地點狀語) Im sure that they will come tomorrow. (從句中什么都不缺) I dont know which book I should choose. (從句中缺定語) 定義：充當主語功能的句子叫主語從句That she was chosen made a great stir (轟動) in her school. 注意: it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary / important that. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is universally acknowledged that./ It is known thatIt + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge/ a fact that 是常識/事實It +不及物動詞+ that-分句 It happens that碰巧. / It occurs to sb.that 突然想起 主語從句 It 作形式主語和it引導強調(diào)句的比較 強調(diào)句： It is in the morning that the murder took place. (去掉該結構后,句子成分完整) 主語從句：It was a pity that you shouldnt go to see the film. （在句子中作主語成分）whatever /whichever/ whoever引導主語從句的區(qū)別 Whatever 是what的強調(diào)形式表示“無論什么”相當于 anything that Whatever / Anything that she does is wrong.ever whoever 是who的強調(diào)形式，表示無論誰 相當于anyone who. Whoever / Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. whichever 無論哪個;無論哪些,既指人,又指物. 可修飾名詞與of 連用 Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us. Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a hand to others. 定義：在復合句中充當賓語功能的句子叫賓語從句We can learn what we didnt know.We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every day. 某些作表語的形容詞，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后可帶賓語 從句 I am glad that you can come and help me. 注意： wish/would rather后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣。 I wish I had finished my homework yesterday. Id rather you had been there yesterday 在表示建議,命令, 請求的詞后面的賓語從句當中用should + V, should可以省略 His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested that he should go to see the doctor. He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should be set free. 賓語從句 注意it作形式賓語的結構 We all thought it a pity that we had missed the lesson. I took it for granted that they were not coming. that一般不接介詞賓語，偶爾可作except, in的賓語；其它介 詞后面需用it作形式賓語 He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London. You can depend on it that he will help you in time of emergency. 定義：充當表語功能的句子被叫做表語從句。 表語從句 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 注意：reason后面的表語從句只能用that,不能用why引導. The reason is that（because ) The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied. (該句型中why引導一個定語從句) 定義：同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容. 這些名詞主要是表示抽象概念的詞如fact, news, promise, idea, truth; possibility; statement; warning; advice等 同位語的引導詞有that; whether; why; who; where; how等；其中that 和whether只起引導作用同位語從句 其他連詞具有實際意思，同時在同位語中作句子成分。 The news that China broken the world record in the Olympic Games has cheered all of us. The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion. ( why 引導同位語從句解 釋說明中心語question的內(nèi)容；且why在從句中作狀語) 注意： 只起引導作用時，連接詞用that而不用which Where did you get the idea that she could not come. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： 就看that在作引導的從句中是否 做句子成分 The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very important. （that 引導定語) The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. (that引導同位語從句)在名詞性從句當中只能用wh, 在引導讓步狀語從句兩者可以互換. No matter+wh 與wh+ever區(qū)別 He will believe whatever others say. (劃線部分部分為名詞性從句，不能互換) Whatever others say, he will believe it. (劃線部分為狀語從句，可以互換) Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. (不可互換) 原則：能用if的情況，都能用whether表“是否” 在表語, 同位語，主語(置于句首時)從句時只用 whether表“是否” The question is whether the film is worth seeing. （表語從句） I have no idea whether we should go to the party. （同位語從句）Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. (主語從句 句首) It is doubtful whether / if he will come here. 一些重要知識 (主語從句，句末時可互換) 形容詞；介詞；discuss后的賓語從句中只用whether表“是否” Whether / if區(qū)別 It depends on whether you can do the work well. (介詞賓語) The students are discussing whether they will go out for a picnic this Sunday. I am not sure whether he will come here or not. (形容詞的賓語) whether與or或 or not 的搭配 Do you mind whether a man or woman does the job. I dont care whether or not he comes.名詞性從句提升練習主語從句一、單項選擇題1. _ he learns English well is of great importance to his future life.A. What B. If C. Who D. That2. _ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A. That B. Which C. Who D. What 3. _they will go next month has not been decided yet. A. Where B. If C.That D. Why 4. _ you say now cant make up for（補償） what youve done. A. No matter what B. Whatever C. However D. That5. Although _ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world. A. which B. what C. how D. it6. _ is troubling me is that I dont have much experience in international commerce. A. It B. That C. Which D. What7. I am sure that _ she said is wrong. A. which B. all C. this D. what8. We lost our way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that it was getting dark. A. that B. which C. it D. what9. _ or not is still uncertain. A. Hes coming B. If he is coming C. That coming D. Whether hes coming10. _ is known to all that the earth moves around the sun. A. It B. WhatC. That D. As 11. Its doubtful _ hell be able to come. A. if B. whatC. that D. whether 12. _ he saw surprised him. A. That B. When C. What D. Which13. _ is money. A. What does he need B. Why does he need C. What he needs D. Why he needs14. _ is a pity that he should feel so upset. A. What B. That C. He D. It15. _ book you borrow must be returned within a week. A. What B. Which C. Whichever D. Thats賓語從句一、選擇題：1. Its so dark. I cant find out _ its a boy _ a girl.A. if, and B. that, and C. that; or D. whether, or2. Call you tell me why _ this morning?A. you didnt come B. did you not come C. didnt you come D. you dont come3. He said that they _ Yunnan. A. have been to B. had gone to C. have gone to D. has gone to4. Do you know what _ this time yesterday?A. they are doing B. are they doing C. they were doing D. were they doing5. He wanted to know how long _ in hospital.A. she is staying B. she had stayed C. did she stay D. she stay6. They will be thankful for _ you have done. A. what B. that C. which D. who7. He said that light _ much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. is traveling8. Do you know _ ?A. is it whose pen B. whose pen is it C. whose pen it is D. it is whose pen9. I hear _ the teacher will come back from the UK soon.A. which B. that C. when D. whether10. Can you tell me _ language she speaks?A. which B. what C. that D. whether11. I dont understand _ you said.A. when B. that C. where D. what12. Do you know _ made him angry last time?A. when B. that C. where D. what13. She has made it clear _ she will have nothing to do with him. A. what B. which C. whether D. that14. I wondered _ they had been to America. A. if B. what C. who D. that15. I am sure _ you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who16. Do you know _ she will go to the cinema with us?A. if B. where C. who D. which17. Who knows _ dictionary it is?A. whos B. whose C. whom D. who18. I cant remember _ I sent the book to.A. that B. which C. where D. whom19. - I dont know if he _ . - He will come if it _ .A. comes, wont rain B. will come, doesnt rain C. comes, doesnt D. will come, wont rain20. We wanted to know _ the answer was fight or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. what表語從句1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of Ted.A. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick! -I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here. - That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why13 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . Is that_ you had a few days off？A. why B .what C. when D. where14 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how15. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what16. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited名詞性從句綜合練習一、that/what的區(qū)別1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble is_we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such二、 綜合選擇題1._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what2.It is suggested that we _ to the park later.A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone3.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how 4.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because5. Do you know where _ ? Someone is looking for him.A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he6.He is absent today. Thats _ he is ill. A. when B. because C. why D. that7.Why not try your luck downtown? Thats _ the best jobs are.A.where B.what C.when D.why 8. Our teacher said that the moon _ around the earth.A. turn B. turned C. has turned D. turns9. Can you tell me _ yesterday?A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do10.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like11.It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever12. Do you know _ of the three?A. which book she likes best B. which best book does she likeC. that which book she likes best D. which book she best likes13.Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where14.She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter15._is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. It B. What C. As D. Which16. We couldnt find out _ , so we asked a policeman.A. whose bike it was B. whose bike was it C. whose it was bike D. whose was it bike17. Do you know _ take to get to the hospital?A. which way must we B. which must we way C. which way we must D. which we must way18. None of us knows which floor _ on.A. is she B. she living C. she is D. did she live19. Id like to know when you _ the army. A. join B. joined C. have joined D. was joining20. _all the inventions have in common is _ they have succeeded.A. What , what B. That , that C. What , that D. That ,what21. _she will be given this job is still under discussion. A. Whether B. What C. If D. That 22._is known to us all, _life nowadays is easier in some ways than the life our grandparents lived.A. As , 不填 B. Which , 不填 C. As , a D. Which , the23_shes just said is the very idea_I want to express.A. What ,that B. That , what C. What ,which D. That , which24. Why we decided to put off the meeting is _ we had some difficulty in preparing it.A. because B. that C. 不填 D. why25. What he needs _enough time and what I need _enough books.A. are, is B. is , is C. is , are D