【名師指導】外研版高中英語必修5探究學案：Module4 Carnival（Period4）.docVIP

period 4 grammar (review of the passive voice)學習目標：1. 扎實復習本模塊語法被動語態(tài)，提升綜合語言運用能力。2. 自主學習，探究共贏；學會分析與總結的方法并學以致用。3. 激情投入，惜時高效，體驗進步的快樂。學習重點：被動語態(tài)。學習難點：被動語態(tài)的正確運用。課前預習學法指導：1. 借助課本和輔導材料，初步感知被動語態(tài)。2. 完成時間15分鐘。教材助讀：被動語態(tài)(一) 語 態(tài) 分 類 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：mark twain wrote this book. (主動)this book was written by mark twain.(被動)he is feeding a dog. (主動)a dog is being fed by him. (被動)被動語態(tài)結構：助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構成。(二) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數的變化 主要體現在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以do 為例，如下：一般現在時：am / is / are + done 一般過去時：was / were +done 一般將來時：shall / will + done 一般過去將來時：should / would + done 現在進行時：am / is / are + being + done過去進行時：was / were + being + done 現在完成時：have / has + been + done過去完成時：had + been + done 將來完成時：shall / will + have been + done過去將來完成時：should / would + have been + done注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。（三）被動語態(tài)考查要點簡述被動語態(tài)的構成方式：be + 過去分詞，口語只也有用get / become +過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)（by短語有時可以省略）。 （1）使用被動語態(tài)時應注意的幾個問題。主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。my friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.an interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.i was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主動變被動時，賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加to。the boss made him work all day long.he was made to work all day long(by the boss)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。the children were taken good care of (by her).your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情態(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（a）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。（b）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：people say he is a smart boy.it is said that he is a smart boy.he is said to be a smart boy.people know paper was made in china first.it is known that paper was made in china first.paper was known to be made in china first.類似句型有：it is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 （3）主動形式表被動意義。當feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時；當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當動詞表示“開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動”等意義時。this kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。these novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷。my pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。the door wont lock.門鎖不上。the fish smells good.魚聞起來香。當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關閉、制定”等意思時。the plan worked out successfully.the lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。this kind of water isnt fit to drink.the girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。 （4）被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著he is seated on a bench.（he seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏he was hidden behind the door.(he hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿著the girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)強調動作；系表結構表主語的特點或狀態(tài)。如：the book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動語態(tài))the book is well sold.(系表結構)動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，只是需要注意以下考點?？键c一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedit took place before liberation. 考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責備)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 寫 )；glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。the car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。the case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。the book sells well. 這本書很暢銷?？键c三：一些常用經典被動句型：it is said, it is reported, it is widely believed， it is expected, it is estimated,這些句子一般翻譯為“據說”，“人們認為”，而 “以前人們認為” 則應該說：it was believed, it was thought2. examples(1)（粵04-21）all the employees except the manager _to work online at home.a. encourages b. encouragec. is encouraged d. are encouraged(2)（滬04-30）the number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.a. persuade b. will persuadec. be persuaded d. are persuaded(3)（京04-27)the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _by 2008.a. has been completedb. has completedc. will have been completedd. will have completed(4)（蘇04-26）more patients _in hospital this year than last year.a. treated b. have treatedc. had been treated d. have been treated我的疑問：課內探究1. 結合講義和學生們的預習狀況，老師和同學們一起總結被動語態(tài)的用法。2. 高考鏈接： 1（全國卷）the discovery of gold in australia led thousands to believe that a fortune . a. is made b. would make c. was to be made d. had made2（全國卷）linda, make sure the tables before the guests arrive. a. be set b. set c. are set d. are setting 3（重慶卷）the palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building now. a. remains b. is remained c. is remaining d. has been remained4. (2012安徽卷）after school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it . a. was decorated b. had decorated c. had been decorating d. was being decorated 5.(2012北京卷)have you heard about that fire in the market? yes, fortunately no one _.a. hurt b. was hurt c. has hurt d. had been hurt6.(2012北京卷)our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.a. was developed b. was developingc. would develop d. developed7.(2012重慶卷)food supplies in the flood-stricken area_. we must act immediately before theres left. a. have run out b. are running outc. have been run out d. are being run out8. (2004 年全國高考卷)sarah, hurry up. im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. a. get changed b. get change c. get changing d. get to change 9. (2008 四川)tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home a. shout at b. to shout at c. shouted at d. to be shouted at10. (2005年北京春招題)after a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment.a. is damaged b. had damaged c. damaged d. was damaged11.(2004年北京卷)the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics by 2006. a. has been completed b. has completedc. will have been completed d. will have completed12. (2002年上海高考題)i feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. a. is to blame b. is doing to blamec.