口腔科英語常用對話.doc

HOW TO PRACTICE MODERN DENTISTRYTHROUGH ENGLISH CONVERSATION牙科英語會話CONTENTS目錄Part1. The First Appointment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 第一次預(yù)約Part2. Oral Prophylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 口腔預(yù)防治療Part3. Operative Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 牙科手術(shù)Part4. An Explanation of Dental Caries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 有關(guān)齲齒的解釋Part5. Endodontic Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 牙根管治療法 Part6. Apicoectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 根尖切除術(shù)Part7. Extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49拔牙Part8. Post-operative Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63手術(shù)后的護理Part 9. Fixed Bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68固定橋Part10. Periodontal Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73牙周的治療Part11. Hypersensitive Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 牙齒過敏Part12. Malocclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 咬合不正Part13. Orthodontic Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 正畸Part14. Dentures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 活動義齒（假牙）Part15. New Dentures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 新義齒Part 16. Dental Implants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 牙齒種植Part 1The First Appointment第一章 第一次預(yù)約D-Doctor, H-Hygienist, P-PatientD-醫(yī)生，H-醫(yī)生助理，P-病人 H:Good morning, Doctor Smith. 早安，史密斯醫(yī)生。D:Good morning, Miss Jones. Please come in. I see that you brought some new nurses uniforms with you. Theyre very attractive. Where did you buy them?早安，瓊斯小姐。請進。我看見你帶著新的護士服裝。這些服裝很好看。哪里買的？ H:I bought them at Isetans at a bargain sale. They were very inexpensive. What would you like me to do first?是在伊勢丹買來的廉價品。非常便宜。 我先干什麼好?。緿:You can begin by checking the treatment rooms. Be sure that theyre neat and clean. Then, you can prepare room number two for the first patient.你先檢查一下治療室。 可要做到整齊，干凈。然后把二號房準(zhǔn)備好，用來接待第一個病人。H:The first patient is expected at nine-thirty.第一個病人預(yù)計九點半到。D:When she arrives, write her name, address and telephone number in the record book. Be sure to ask her how she was referred to my office.她來了就在登記簿上寫下她的姓名，地址和電話號碼。一定要問她是誰介紹到我們這邊的。H:Theres a patient in the waiting room, doctor.醫(yī)生，在候診室有一個病人。D:Get the necessary information for our records from her. Then ask her to be seated. After I examine he Ill probably ask you to give her an oral prophylaxis (clean her teeth, col.)先把要登記的項目先登記下來。 然后請她坐下。我檢查了她以后，可能會叫你給她進行口腔預(yù)防治療。P:Good morning, Im Mrs. Williamson. I have an appointment with Doctor Smith.早安，我是韋廉森夫人。我已經(jīng)和史密斯醫(yī)生預(yù)約好的。H:Good morning, The Doctor will see you soon. My name is Miss Jones.早安。 醫(yī)生回頭就見你。我是瓊斯小姐。P:How long will I have to wait?要等多長時間？H:The Doctor will see you in 10 minutes.醫(yī)生過十分鐘就可以看病。P:What time is it now?現(xiàn)在幾點了？H:Its twenty minutes past nine. Would you like to sit down?九點二十分。請坐下吧。P:Thank you.謝謝。D:I m ready, Miss Jones. Would you please seat the patient? Ill examine her and tell you if she needs an oral prophylaxis.瓊斯小姐，我準(zhǔn)備好了。 你請病人坐下。我先給她做個檢查， 然后告訴你要不要進行口腔預(yù)防治療。D:Good morning, Mrs. Williamson, Im Doctor Smith. I understand that Mr. Hughes recommended me. Hes been a patient of mine for a long time早安，威廉森太太。 我是史密斯醫(yī)生。我知道是休斯先生介紹你來的。他是我這邊的熟客。P:Ive just moved to Tokyo and I expect to live here for five or six years. I havent seen a dentist for a long time. I thought it would be a good idea to have an examination (check-up, col.). I know that my teeth should be cleaned.我剛剛搬來東京，打算在這里住上五年或者六年。我想把牙齒檢查一番還是好的。我想我的牙齒該洗一洗了。D:Id like to ask you some questions about your health and medical history. Have you ever been treated for a heart condition, or for a prolonged illness such as diabetes, liver disease or kidney disease?我想要問一問你的健康情況和病歷。你有沒有因為心臟情況接受過治療？或者因為糖尿病， 肝病和腎臟病這些慢性疾病而接受過治療？P:No, I havent.沒有。D:Have you ever had rheumatic+ fever? If you have, please give me the details. It may be necessary to have a consultation with your physician before beginning dental treatment.你患過風(fēng)濕病嗎？要是有的話，請把詳細情況告訴我。 在進行牙科治療之前有必要去看一看內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。P:Is that necessary, Doctor?有必要嗎？D:If theres a history of rheumatic fever it may be necessary for me to prescribe an antibiotic before and after dental treatment.假如有德過風(fēng)濕熱的歷史，在進行牙科治療前后，我必要給你開抗生素。P:I didnt know that, Doctor.這我可不知道。D:Bacteria can enter the bloodstream during certain dental procedures and cause serious complications.在做某些牙科治療過程中，細菌可能會進入人血液里而引起嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥。P:Why do you prescribe an antibiotic?為什麼你要開抗生素？D:The reason for giving an antibiotic to a patient with a history of rheumatic fever is to prevent a heart infection.給得過風(fēng)濕的病人開抗生素是為了防止心臟感染。P:I understand now, Doctor.我明白了D:Have you ever been treated for a blood disorder such as anemia? Have you ever had prolonged bleeding from an injury or a tooth extraction?針對一些血液疾病如貧血，你進行過治療嗎？你有沒有因為受傷或拔牙而長期出血嗎？P:Not that I can remember.記不清了。D:Have you ever had a complication after dental treatment? Have you ever had a bad reaction from a dental anesthetic (dental injection)?你有沒有牙科治療以后得并發(fā)癥嗎？你有麻醉反應(yīng)嗎？P:No, Doctor.沒有。D:Do you have any allergies? Are you allergic to penicillin?你有什么過敏反應(yīng)嗎？你對青霉素過敏嗎？P:No, I am not allergic to penicillin.我對青霉素不過敏。D:Are you under a doctors care? Are you taking medication? When was the last time that you consulted with a physician? Why did you see him?你現(xiàn)在還看醫(yī)生嗎？你在吃藥嗎？你最近一次看醫(yī)生是在什么時候？是因為什么病看的醫(yī)生？P:No, I am not under a doctors care. I just visited a physician when I caught a cold about 3 months ago.不，我現(xiàn)在沒有看醫(yī)生。我只是在3個月以前因為感冒去看過醫(yī)生。D:Miss Jones, please hand me a mouth mirror and explorer.瓊斯小姐，請你把口鏡和探針拿來。H:Yes, Doctor.好。D:May I examine you now, Mrs. Williamson?威廉森太太，我現(xiàn)在給你檢查，好嗎？P:Certainly.好啊。D:Good. Could you open your mouth a little wider, please? Turn your head toward me a little bit. Thank you. I dont see any carious teeth (cavities col.).好。請你把嘴巴再張開一些，把你的頭向前伸過來一點點。沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么齲齒。P:Good.太好了。D:However, well take X-rays this morning. Ill ask Miss Jones to clean your teeth. Theres much calculus (tartar) on your teeth and you should have it removed.可是，今天早上還要拍X光。稍后請瓊斯小姐為你洗牙。你牙齒有不少牙垢，需要清除掉。P:Please do as much as you can for me today. Im not busy this morning.今天你就盡量做吧。我今天上午不忙。D:Youll need two appointments for your cleaning. Ill review the X-rays and decide upon a treatment plan for your next appointment.洗牙需要預(yù)約做兩次。我要看一下X光的結(jié)果，然后決定你下一次預(yù)約時的治療計劃。H:How much time should I take to do the oral prophylaxis, Doctor?醫(yī)生，進行口腔預(yù)防治療需要多長時間？D:We give 30 minutes appointments for oral prophylaxis, Miss Jones. It might take two or more appointments to complete this first part of the treatment.瓊斯小姐，口腔預(yù)防治療需預(yù)約30分鐘。第一部分可能需要2次以上預(yù)約。H:I understand, Doctor.我明白了。D:Most dental diseases can be prevented. I believe that helping a patient to prevent dental diseases is just as important as treating dental disease after it occurs.大多數(shù)牙病是可以預(yù)防的。我認(rèn)為幫助病人預(yù)防牙病和治療牙病同樣重要。P:What about the cleaning appointments, Doctor?醫(yī)生，如何洗牙？D:During your cleaning appointments youll be taught how to use your toothbrush and dental floss effectively, as a daily routine.在洗牙時，我們會教你在平時該如何有效地使用牙刷和牙線。P:What purpose is this?做這個目的是什么？D:The purpose of your daily home care is to prevent dental caries (tooth decay, col.) and gum disease. Without good home care my treatment could fail, because of gum problems or recurring tooth decay. Miss Jones will apply a topical fluoride to your teeth to help prevent new cavities.每天在家對牙齒所做的護理，目的是要防止齲齒和牙齦疾病。沒有良好的日常護理，我的治療就會失效，因為牙齦會出問題或牙齒又發(fā)生齲壞。瓊斯小姐會給你的牙齒局部涂氟，防止再長齲齒。P:Thats fine, doctor.好極了。D:Finally, I want to make follow-up (recall) appointments with you every 6 months for an examination and X-rays. Also, to clean your teeth as often as it is needed. Please begin to clean the patients teeth, Miss Jones.最后， 我想和你訂出每6個月進行一次定期檢查預(yù)約，進行檢查和拍X光。此外，根據(jù)需要經(jīng)常洗牙。瓊斯小姐，你給病人先洗牙吧。H:Yes, Doctor.好的。D:Show the patient how to “brush” and use dental floss properly. Ill see you later, Mrs. Williamson.你教病人如何正確使用牙刷和牙線。威廉森太太，我稍后再見你。Useful Sentences1.Prepare room number two for the first patient.2.Im expecting a new patient.3.Ill examine your teeth.4.Ill see you in few minutes.5.Whats you name?6. Where do you live? Whats your address?7. Please write your phone number on the record card.8. Would you please fill out this record card?9. Who referred you to my office?10Are you employed? What kind of work do you do?11How long will you live in Shanghai?12Can you wait for a while?13The doctor is with a patient.14Do you have an appointment?15My hygienist will give you an appointment.16Ill have to reschedule (cancel, col.) your appointment.17The Doctor can see you now.18Would you like to sit down?19The Doctor isnt here today.20The Doctor is out of lunch.21I want to ask you about your medical history.22Have you ever had a serious illness?23Did you ever have complications from dental treatment?Part 2第二章Oral Prophylaxis口腔預(yù)防治療H:What kind of toothbrush do you use, Mrs. Williamson?威廉森太太，你用什么樣的牙刷？P:I use a soft brush. I dont remember the brand name.我用的是軟牙刷。我記不得身摸牌子的。H:Heres a sample toothbrush that you may keep. Please take it and show me how you “brush”.這是牙刷樣品，你可以用。請拿著，做給我看你是怎樣刷牙的？P:Thank you. This is how I “brush”.謝謝，我是這樣刷的。H:Thats pretty good, but your not cleaning some of the teeth well enough. Ill put a stain (disclosing agent) on your teeth to show you where your toothbrush has missed. 很好，可是有些牙齒你并沒有刷得很好。我在你的牙齒上涂上著色劑，讓你看一看有什莫地方牙刷沒有刷到。P:Its all right行嗎？H:Dont worry, the stain will come off easily. If you look in this small hand mirror, you can see the red stains on your teeth. The soft red stain is bacterial plaque. Do you see how easily it comes off?用不著擔(dān)心，著色劑會很容易掉的。你要是看一看這一小手鏡你就看得到你牙齒上的紅色的染色。這種暗紅色的染色是菌斑。 你看到他很容易退掉嗎？P:I see.看見了。H:The other stain is hard. It has to be scraped away with a scaler. The hard, rough stains are calculus. You can remove the plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss, but you cant remove the calculus. Ill have to do that for you.其他染色的部分硬 的，要用刮除器把他刮掉。 又粗又硬的著了色的地方就是齒石。你可日用牙刷和牙線將斑點擦掉， 但是卻弄不掉齒石/。 我作給你看。 P:Thats very interesting. Im so happy that you showed this to me. I thought that I clean my teeth very thoroughly. I guess I was wrong.真有意思 。我很高興你給我做了示范。H:Do you use dental floss?你用牙先嗎？P:Yes, but not everyday.用， 但是不是每天都用。 H:You must use floss everyday. You cant clean the bacteria from the spaces between the teeth with a toothbrush. Ill show you how to use it. Hold this hand mirror and watch me.你應(yīng)該每天都用牙線。用牙刷是刷不掉牙逢里的細菌的。 我做給你看怎麼 用的。拿 著這把手鏡，瞧著。 P:Thank you, Miss Jones. Ill try to do it better.謝謝，窮斯小姐。 我要試看怎樣作的好些。 H:Good. Ill begin to scale your teeth now. Before you leave, Ill polish your teeth and remove the rest of the stain.好，我現(xiàn)在開始給你刮牙。 再你離開以前， 再你離開以前我要把你的牙齒磨一磨， 并把留下來的著色劑磨掉。 D:How much have you done, Miss Jones?瓊斯小姐，干到哪了？H:Oh, hello Doctor. Ive almost finished scaling the lower teeth. It took me a long time to clean them. Would you like to see what Ive done?奧， 醫(yī)生。 我快刮完下一排牙齒了。掛了好長時間。 看看刮的怎摸樣了？D:Yes, please. That looks fine, Miss Jones, but theres still a little bit of calculus on the proximal surface of this tooth.好。 瓊司小姐， 看來刮的很好， 不過在這雙牙齒臨接面上還留有一點點齒石。H:I see, Doctor.是的。 D:Ill show you how to remove it. Use a Towner U-15 scaler here. Be sure to reach under the particle of calculus and scrape upward.我做給你看怎樣把它刮掉。 用著一把 “湯納u 15 ”刮鋤器。 一定要刮到齒石粒的下面， 然后往上刮。 H: What if the tooth is loose?要是牙齒松動怎摸辦？D:If the tooth is loose, you should hold it steady with a piece of gauze in your left hand. Did you review the patients home care technique?要是牙齒松動， 你可以在左手里裹著紗布把牙齒固定住。 你了解了病人在家里是怎樣保護牙齒的嗎？H:Yes, I did. At the next appointment Ill stain the teeth again. Then, Ill repeat the instructions if its necessary了解了。 在下次預(yù)約治療時，我在給他的牙齒上著色劑。 然后如需要的話， 我再教他一次。 .D:Usually, it will take two or more instruction periods to teach effective home care. 教人如何在家保護牙齒通常要教兩次或更多一些。P:Doctor, should I do anything for my next appointment?醫(yī)生，關(guān)于下次預(yù)約治療我應(yīng)該做些什莫？D:Yes, Mrs. Williamson. Id like you to keep a record of everything that you eat for a week. Bring it with you on your next appointment. Ill analyze your food list, and make recommendations to improve your eating habits. It will help you to prevent tooth decay and gum diseases.威廉森太太， 請你把你一星期內(nèi)吃的東西都記錄下來。 在下次預(yù)約時把記錄帶來。 到時我來分析分析你的食物表， 對改進你的飲食習(xí)慣提出建議。 這樣可以幫住你防止蛀牙和防止齒齦炎發(fā)生疾病。 P:Thank you, Doctor.謝謝你， 醫(yī)生。 Useful Sentences1.What brand of toothbrush do you use?2.How do you brush your teeth?3.Would you describe your daily home care, please?4.The disclosing tablet will show me the bacterial plaque.5.Hold the hand mirror and watch me.6.Show me how you use dental floss, please.7.Ill scale and polish the teeth to remove the calculus and stains.8.How often do you have your teeth cleaned?9.Ill polish the teeth to make them smooth.10When was the last time you had your teeth cleaned?11Do you have a normal eating diet?12Bacteria is the most important cause of tooth decay, gum diseases, and calculus formation.Part 3第三章Operative Dentistry牙科手術(shù)D:Good morning Mrs. Hall. If none of your teeth are bothering you, Ill restore (put a filling in, col.) the tooth with the largest cavity. This is the tooth that Ill treat today. It would be best to use a silver amalgam restoration (filling, col.) here. The cavity is deep so wed better use a local anesthetic. Is that OK with you?霍爾太太，早安。 假如你的牙齒不讓你難受的話， 那莫 我就把蛀的最厲害的牙補一補。 我今天先補這雙牙。 最好的辦法就是用銀汞補上。蛀牙的洞太深了， 還是做局部麻醉好。 你看這樣好不好？P:Yes, go ahead, if you think that an anesthetic (novocaine, col,) is necessary. I dont like to have an anesthetic for small cavities. The sound and vibration of the handpiece (drill, col.) bother me. What can you do about my chipped front tooth? 好，要是你認(rèn)為需要麻醉的話， 就做麻醉吧。 蛀牙的洞小我就不想做麻醉了。 鉆牙器的聲音和震動使我感到難受。 我缺了一塊的前齒該怎摸辦？D:That tooth needs a porcelain jacket or a ceramic veneer crown. I cant put in another silicate (synthetic porcelain) or plastic restoration because it wouldnt be strong enough. When a part of the biting edge of a tooth is lost, a stronger restoration is usually needed.需要作成瓷牙冠套或烤瓷冠套。 不能用矽酸鹽或塑膠補， 因為這樣作不到結(jié)實。 當(dāng)牙齒咬合處缺了一塊通常需要用好的料子補上。 P:What type of restoration do you use，Doctor?醫(yī)生，哪莫要用什莫藥 補上。D:Either a gold inlay or a crown. A crown would look much better. I dont think that youd like to have gold showing from a front tooth. We can start now. It shouldnt hurt. Please tell me if it isnt anesthetized (numb，col.). The decay was very close to the pulp.鑲上金牙或者鑲上齒冠。 鑲上齒冠會好看一些。我想你是不會喜歡在前牙上鑲金的。我們現(xiàn)在開始吧。 不會痛的。 要是沒有麻醉好請告訴我。蛀牙的地方離牙髓很近。P:What will you do for that?怎么做呢？D:Ill put a special covering over the deepest part of the cavity to protect the pulp. It has calcium hydroxide in it. It will help to protect the pulp from injury. When a cavity is as deep as this one is, theres a chance that the pulp will die at some time in the future. 我要在蛀牙洞最深的地方特別塞上東西保護住牙髓， 這東西里面有氫氧化鈣， 它可以保護牙髓而不受損害。 象這棵牙的蛀洞那莫深， 很有可能在將來什莫時候牙髓是會壞死的。P:What is the chance of the pulp dying，Doctor?醫(yī)生，牙髓壞死是常見的死嗎？D:You cant be 100% sure in these cases，but Im very confident (sure) that everything will be OK. When the pulp of a tooth dies as a result of a deep cavity, the tooth will become infected.你的情況不一定百分之百是牙髓壞死， 我有信心一切會弄好的。 當(dāng)蛀牙的洞太深， 使得牙髓壞死， 牙齒就會受到感染。P:What happens when a tooth is infected?牙齒受到感染將會怎樣？D:A toothache or swelling will eventually develop in a tooth thats infected. A tooth might become infected many weeks or months after the decay has been removed.牙齒受感染的結(jié)果會引起壓痛和牙齦發(fā)腫。蛀掉的地方磨掉之后過了幾個星期或過了幾各月還是會感染的。P:Would there be any pain?會不會疼呢？D:There might not be any pain if the infection is mild or if it finds a way to drain (if a fistula develops). If the infection doesnt put pressure on a nerve there wont be any pain.假如感染輕微的話， 或者找到引流的通道的話， 就不會疼。 假如感染不壓迫神經(jīng)的話就不會感到痛。P:Sometimes my tooth is sensitive to cold.我的牙齒有時對冷有反映。D:Ill put a lining under the amalgam to insulate the tooth against sensitivity to cold. As you know, large fillings are sometimes sensitive to cold because metal is a good conductor of temperature changes. The tooth may be sensitive to hot and cold foods for a while in spite of the insulation. Dont worry, the sensitivity will disappear in a week or two. Close your teeth gently. Does the filling feel high?那麼， 我在銀汞下面墊上東西， 使 的牙齒決不會對冷有反映。 你是知道的， 填補進去的東西要是很大的話， 那麼， 有時對冷是有反映的， 因為金屬是良導(dǎo)體， 對于溫度的變化是敏感的。 竟管有了絕緣物， 吃冷熱的東西時可能在短暫時間內(nèi)會有反應(yīng)的。不用擔(dān)心， 在一，兩周內(nèi)這種反應(yīng)是會消失的。 把你的牙齒輕輕地要緊。 補的東西感到高不高？P:It feels fine.感到合適。 D:Now tap your teeth together and slide your jaw from side to side. Good. Thats it. The filling is finished.現(xiàn)在把你的牙齒輕輕地咬在一起， 然后把頜往兩側(cè)移動。 好。 就是這樣， 補好了。P:Thank you, Doctor.謝謝你，醫(yī)生。D:Dont chew on that side of your mouth for at least 8 hours. That will give the filling a chance to harden. Ill