譯林版高二英語選修8學(xué)案：Unit2 SectionⅢ Word版含解析.doc

unit 2the universal languagepart grammar省略為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù)，要省略句子的一個或幾個成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。省略常見情形：1在由and連接的句子中，常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組(1)省略共同的主語或賓語。mr. smith picked up a coin on the road and (mr. smith)handed it to a policeman.史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬幣，并把它交給了警察。(2)若主語不同而謂語部分的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞相同，則省略后面的情態(tài)動詞或助動詞。jack must have been playing football and mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗在寫作業(yè)。(3)若主語與謂語動詞都相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。his advice made me happy，but(his advice made)jim very angry.他的建議使我高興，卻使吉姆很生氣。(4)若主語不同，但主要動詞及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要動詞及后續(xù)部分。i was born in 1998 and bob(was born) in 1989.我出生于1998年，鮑勃是1989年。(5)省略重復(fù)的介詞、連詞及后續(xù)部分。he was late because he had overslept and (because he had)missed the train.他遲到了，因為睡過了頭誤了火車。2狀語從句中的省略(1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if/though，as，whether等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語動詞是be，而且主語又跟主句主語相同或是it時，則從句中主語和be常被省略。his opinion，whether(it is) right or wrong，will be considered.他的意見，無論對錯，都要考慮。errors，if(there are)any, should be corrected.如果有什么錯誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。(2)在as，than，however，whatever，no matter what等引導(dǎo)的從句中常省略某些成分。after two hours she became quieter(than she had been)兩個小時后，她安靜多了。(3)虛擬條件句常省略if，將were，had，should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。should there be a flood(if there should be a flood)，what should we do?如果發(fā)生了洪水我們該怎么辦？had he taken my advice(if he had taken my advice)，he would be a college student now.如果他早接受我的建議，他現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。(4)有些狀語從句置于句末，也可省略，有時可省略整個從句。i would have come yesterday(if i had wanted to)我昨天本來可以來的(如果我想來的話)。3定語從句與名詞性從句中的省略(3)在與suggest，request，order，advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣形式“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。it is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建議我們?nèi)タ措娪啊?動詞不定式省略，只保留to的場合5.介詞的省略(1)一些與動詞、名詞或形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的動名詞，常見句型有：have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.the heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他沒能準(zhǔn)時到達那里。(2)表示時間的介詞at，on和in 用在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等詞之前，一般可省略。.單項填空1 she hurriedly left the room _.aas if angry bas if she angrycas if were she angry das if be angry2 meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ i will always treasure.athat bonecit dwhat3 the house rent is expensive；ive got about half the space i had at home and im paying _ here.aas three times muchbas much three timescmuch as three timesdthree times as much4 what would have happened _，as far as the river bank?abob had walked fartherbif bob should walk fartherchad bob walked fartherdif bob walked farther5 is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?ahe explainedbwhat he explainedchow he explaineddwhy he explained6 _ be sent to work there?awho do you suggestbwho do you suggest that shouldcdo you suggest who shouldddo you suggest whom should7 when _，the museum will be open to the public next year.acompleted bcompletingcbeing completed dto be completed8 you should have thanked her before you left.i mean！_，but when i was leaving i couldnt find her anywhere.ato do btocdoing ddoing it9 are you going out for a walk?_.aid like bid like to becid like to dboth b and c10 we spent the whole day _.aat smiths bat the smithscat the smiths dboth a and b11 what about _ a walk for a while?aour taking bus two takingcfor us to take dboth a and b12 which of the following is wrong?ahe runs faster than i.bhe runs faster than me.che runs faster than i do.dhe runs faster than me do.13 i know _ he studies hard and _ he always gets the first place.athat；/ b/；thatc/；/ dboth a and b14 we all know that，_，the situation will get worse.anot if dealt carefully withbif not carefully dealt withcif dealt not carefully withdnot if carefully dealt with15 jack bought a new mobile phone the other day._？thats his third one in just one month.ahad he bdid hecdoes he dhas he16 they do not visit their parents as much as they _.aought bought to visitcought to dought do17 if parents never expect their children to be helpful at home，they are sure _.anot bnot tocnot to be dnot to be that18 did you go to see the football match in the stadium?_，but my cousin called on me.aid like tobid like to haveci wouldnt like itdi like to19goodbye！im glad _ you._，too.ato see；i bto have seen；mecto be seen；me dseeing；i20_，you have given me a lot of help.atell the truthbto tell you the truthctelling true dtelling truth.體驗高考1sit down，emma.you will only make yourself more tired，_ on your feet.ato keep bkeepingchaving kept dto have kept2since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as _ else.aanything bsomethingcanywhere dsomewhere3we could invite john and barbara to the friday night party.yes，_？ill give them a call right now.awhy not bwhat forcwhy dwhat4im sorry i broke the vase.oh，_.it wasnt very expensive.ayoud better not bim afraid notcas you wish dthats all right5linda didnt invite us to the party._？i dont care.afor what bso whatcwhats on dwhats up答案：.1.a補充完整為“as if she were angry”；因主句的主語與從句的主語一致，且從句謂語動詞為be，從句的主語和動詞be可以省略。2b用one代替可數(shù)名詞“an unforgettable moment”，“i will always treasure”作定語，修飾one，引導(dǎo)詞that省去。3d修飾比較級的three times只能置于比較結(jié)構(gòu)之前，不能置于其后或其中；本題中比較狀語從句部分被省略。4c“what would have happened”暗示后面使用虛擬語氣，且與過去事實相反；當(dāng)if省略時，可將were/had/should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；用if從句表達則是if bob had walked farther。句意：“如果鮑勃走得更遠些，走到河岸邊會發(fā)生什么事呢？” 5aexplain作“解釋”講為及物動詞，須接賓語。此處關(guān)系代詞that或which被省略；why引導(dǎo)定語從句時，在句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于for which。6a本題結(jié)構(gòu)為“疑問句插入語陳述句”。do you suggest為插入語，suggest后賓語從句常用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞的形式為“(should)動詞原形”，should可省略。7a時間狀語從句和主句為同一主語，museum和complete是被動關(guān)系。且從句謂語中含有be助動詞，可省略從句中的主語和be助動詞。8bmean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，而mean doing表示“意味著”。由語境可知須用動詞不定式作賓語，此處省略了不定式，只保留了不定式符號to。9c若省略不定式時，通常保留不定式符號to，若to后有be，have done或have been done時，保留be，have和have been。10dat smiths (house)“在史密斯家”，smith前不可加the；at the smiths (house)“在史密斯家人的家里”。11dwhat(how) about后接名詞或動名詞形式，排除c項；另外，動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是形容詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)加動名詞，若動名詞短語在句中作賓語，口語中可用賓格(或名詞通格)代替。12dthan后若只有主語時，若不引起歧義，既可用主格，也可用賓格；但若than從句中保留謂語(或謂語一部分)，主語只能用主格形式。13b若動詞后有兩個或兩個以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，只能省略第一個that。14b句意：“我們都知道，如果不慎重處理，形勢會變得更加糟糕?！眎f not carefully dealt with的完整形式是if it (the situation)is not carefully dealt with。15b由the other day知，第二句也應(yīng)用一般過去時。did he是did he buy a new mobile phone的省略。16c句意：“他們沒有按應(yīng)該去看望父母的次數(shù)去看望他們?！眔ught to后的動詞與上文出現(xiàn)的動詞相同時，可以省略動詞只保留ought to。17c句意：“如果在家里父母永遠都不想讓孩子幫忙，那么他們一定不會那樣做?！蓖ǔ２欢ㄊ降氖÷灾槐Ａ舨欢ㄊ椒?，如果后面有助動詞be或have則需與to一起保留。此處省略了與上文相同的部分helpful，保留了不定式符號和be動詞。18b句意：“你去體育場看足球賽了嗎？我本想去的，但我堂兄來了?！眞ould like to have done表示“原本打算做某事而實際上沒做”，在簡短答語中，可省略與上文相同的部分，但當(dāng)不定式含有be和助動詞have時，則須保留be或have。19b句意：“再見，很高興和你見面。我也是。”