名詞術(shù)語-譯.docx

adventitious applied to roots that do not rise from the radicle but from the stem, etc.; also applied to embryolike structures in a seed that arise from outside the true embryo and often abort.不定的（異位的）-用于描述不是從胚根而是從莖中或其他部位中長出的根；也可用于描述種子中真胚芽外面生長出的萌芽部分，該部分常發(fā)育不全androclinium see clinandrium. 雄花托-見花粉囊anther bed see clinandrium.花藥床-見花粉囊anther canal narrow basal part of anther enclosing the caudicle.花藥管-花藥基部狹窄部分，環(huán)抱花粉塊柄。anther cap a lid formed from the dry outer wall of an anther.花帽-花粉干外壁形成的蓋狀物。aseptate without a septum.無隔膜的-不具隔膜auricle a small lobe or ear, applied to the lip; also a small lateral outgrowth on the anther.葉耳-一枚小的裂片或耳，應(yīng)用于唇瓣；也可以說是花藥的長出的一個小側(cè)裂。autotroph (adjective autotrophic) a plant that produces its own nutrition by means of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll and hence green.自養(yǎng)生物（形容詞:自養(yǎng)的）-一種通過光合作用獲得自身營養(yǎng)的植物，含有葉綠素，因此是綠色的。bract a frequently leaflike organ (often very reduced or absent) subtending a flower, inflorescence, or partial inflorescence in its axil, sometimes brightly colored. bursicle a purselike or pouchlike structure enclosing the viscidia.苞片-一種葉狀器官（通常很少或是缺乏），包在花，花序，或次生花序的腋內(nèi)，有時顏色鮮艷。囊狀托-一種環(huán)抱粘盤的錢包狀或袋狀結(jié)構(gòu)calceolate slipper-shaped.距狀的-拖鞋狀callus (plural calli) a waxy, fleshy, or other protuberance, as on the lip.胼胝體-一種唇瓣上的臘質(zhì)，肉質(zhì)，或其他質(zhì)地的突出物calyculus a small cup or circle of bractlike structures outside the sepals, e.g., in Lecanorchis.副萼-萼片外的，一個小的，杯形或圓形的苞片狀結(jié)構(gòu)，如盂蘭屬。cataphyll a scalelike leaf, often referring to the first such leaves on a shoot.芽苞片-一種鱗狀葉，通常指新生的第一片葉。caudicle an extension of tissue derived from the anther and connecting the pollinia to the stipe or, in orchids without a stipe, directly to the viscidium.花粉塊柄-一種延伸組織從花藥連接傳粉塊到珠柄，或者直接連到無珠柄蘭的粘盤。caudiculate with caudicles.花粉塊-具花粉塊柄。claw the conspicuously narrowed base of an organ; in the orchids usually applied to the lip, but can also be applied to the sepals or petals.瓣爪-一種基部明顯收狹的器官；在蘭花中通常指唇瓣，不過也可指萼片或花瓣。clinandrium the portion of the orchid column underneath the anther.花粉囊-蘭花花藥底下的蕊柱部分。column an organ of the orchid flower representing the fusion of filaments and style.蕊柱-一種蕊絲和中柱融合的蘭花器官。column foot an extension at the base of the column in some orchids, to which the lip and sometimes the lateral sepals are attached.柱腳-一種某些蘭科植物具有的蕊柱基部的延伸物，有時候連接唇瓣和側(cè)萼片。column wings distinct wings on the column of some orchids; these are not “column arms” or stelidia.蕊柱翼-某些蘭科植物蕊柱上的離生翼；這類蘭科植物不具“蕊柱臂”或柱齒conduplicate folded together lengthwise with the adaxial surfaces facing each other (e.g., a leaf).對折-沿軸面對面縱向折疊在一起disk usually in orchids the area between the lateral lobes in the basal half of the lip, the place where the callus is usually placed, or sometimes the removable part of the rostellum projection. 花盤-在側(cè)裂片和半唇瓣基部之間，胼胝體通常生長在此處，有時是蕊喙突的可移動部位。dorsal sepal referring to the apparently upper sepal of a flower; in the majority of orchids this is actually the lower sepal because the flowers are resupinate.中萼片-指花的明顯的上方萼片；實際上在大多數(shù)蘭花中，它指下方的萼片，因為花是扭轉(zhuǎn)的。dropper a storage organ, primarily a swollen root, but with a bud and some stem structure at the base; it may push down into the soil and form a tuber, placing the plant lower in the soil.一個貯藏器官，多數(shù)是一個根腫，但是基部具一枚芽和一些莖狀結(jié)構(gòu)；它可能向下生長入土壤中形成一個塊莖，使植株下部埋進(jìn)土壤。ecaudiculate without caudicles.無塊柄-不具花粉塊柄。elastoviscin a highly viscous product of the degeneration of a limited number of tapetal cells keeping pollen together in orchid pollinia.花粉連絲-一種高粘性的數(shù)目有限的退化絨氈層細(xì)胞，用于使花粉粘合成蘭花花粉塊。elaters spiral thickenings or hairs which help to disperse spores or seeds, often by hygroscopic action.螺旋增厚層或毛發(fā)利用吸濕作用散布孢子或種子。epichile terminal lobe of a lip that is differentiated into a hypochile, sometimes a mesochile, and an epichile.上唇瓣-唇瓣端生裂片區(qū)別于下唇瓣，區(qū)別于中唇瓣和上唇瓣。epigeal, epigeous see terrestrial.生長在地上的-見陸生epilithic see lithophytic.石面的-見石生的epiphyte (adjective epiphytic) a plant growing on another plant as its substrate, but not parasitic.附生植物-一種以其他植物作為生長基底的植物，但不是寄生。equitant 2-ranked conduplicate leaves or bracts with overlapping, clasping bases.套折的-2列對折葉或重疊苞片基部抱莖。foliage leaf an ordinary, fully developed, and functioning leaf. 樹葉-一種普遍的完全發(fā)育的功能葉片gynandrium, gynostemium see column.合蕊柱-見蕊柱gullet interior of a conical orchid flower, which the pollinator enters, as in most species of Dendrobium.花管-圓錐形蘭花花朵內(nèi)部，供傳粉媒介進(jìn)入，大多存在于石斛蘭。hamulus a type of stipe representing the recurved apex of the rostellum.鉤形突-一種珠柄，特點是蕊喙先端外彎。heteranthous flowering from special shoots that do not produce pseudobulbs or foliage leaves.特殊的枝條開花，不產(chǎn)生假鱗莖或樹葉。heteromycotroph (adjective heteromycotrophic) a plant that is a mycotroph as part of its method of nutrition, usually with inadequate photosynthesis and hence often not green; a facultative mycotroph.異形菌根營養(yǎng)植物-一種通過菌根提供部分營養(yǎng)的植物，通常進(jìn)行不充分的光合作用，因此一般不是綠色；是一種兼性的菌根營養(yǎng)植物。holomycotroph (adjective holomycotrophic) a plant that is a mycotroph as its sole method of nutrition, without chlorophyll and hence not green; an obligate mycotroph. This condition has often been erroneously referred to as saprophytic.完全菌根營養(yǎng)植物-一種只通過菌根提供營養(yǎng)的植物，無葉綠素因此不是綠色的。這種情況經(jīng)常被誤認(rèn)為腐生。hypochile basal lobe of a lip that is differentiated into a hypochile, sometimes a mesochile, and an epichile.下唇瓣-唇瓣基部裂片，區(qū)別于上唇瓣，或者是中唇瓣和上唇瓣。hysteranthous when an apical inflorescence is produced after the pseudobulb and leaves on the same shoot. The inflorescence develops on the top of a fully developed pseudobulb with a fully grown leaf or leaves.先花后葉的-當(dāng)同一枝花上花序先端在假鱗莖和葉子之后生長出?；ㄐ蛏L在完全發(fā)育的假鱗莖的頂部，具完全成熟的葉片。keiki in orchids, a distal vegetative branch of the main stem, which ultimately grows roots and separates. labellum see lip.在蘭花植物中，主莖的一根無性末梢枝，最終生長出根和分生唇瓣-見唇瓣。lip the median, modified petal of an orchid flower.唇瓣-蘭花花朵中部的修飾花瓣。lithophyte (adjective lithophytic) a plant that grows on rock as its substrate.巖表植物-一種以巖石作為基底生長的植物。massula (plural massulae) a mass or packet of pollen grains in sectile pollinia.花粉小塊-傳粉裂塊中一大塊或小塊的花粉粒mentum a spurlike or chinlike extension of the flower composed of the variably united column foot, lip, and lateral sepals.顎狀唇瓣-一種距狀或下顎狀的花的延伸部分，由變異聯(lián)生的蕊柱腳，唇瓣和側(cè)萼片組成。mesochile the middle lobe of a lip that is differentiated into a hypochile, sometimes a mesochile, and an epichile.中唇瓣-唇瓣中部裂片，區(qū)分于上唇瓣與下唇瓣。monopodium (plural monopodia, adjective monopodial) referring to a growth habit in which new leaves develop from the same meristem or growing point as all previous leaves; cf. sympodial.單軸-指的是新葉從與舊葉相同的分生組織和生長點生長出來；參照合軸。mycorrhiza the association of fungi and roots of higher plants, often termed a symbiosis.菌根-高等植物的根和真菌的融合，通常叫做共生。mycotroph (adjective mycotrophic) a plant that obtains part or all of its nutrition from organic substances provided by fungi. See also heteromycotroph and holomycotroph.菌根營養(yǎng)植物-一種通過真菌產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物獲取部分或所有營養(yǎng)的植物。見異形菌根營養(yǎng)植物和完全菌根營養(yǎng)植物。naked pollinia pollinia of orchids that lack caudicles and other elements of the pollinarium.裸粉塊-缺乏花粉塊柄和其他花粉組成元素的蘭花花粉。operculum see anther cap.鰓蓋-見花帽palea flat or terete moveable appendages attached by a threadlike base, found on the sepals and petals of certain species of Bulbophyllum.托苞-某些石豆蘭的萼片和唇瓣中，貼生在線狀基部的可移動的扁平狀或圓筒狀附屬物。peloric an unusual actinomophic form of a flower that is normally zygomorphic.整齊的-花的不尋常的形成方式，通常是對生的。petal any of the whorl of flower parts generally just inside the sepals, usually colorful and showy.花瓣-花朵螺旋狀的部分，位于萼片內(nèi)部，通常多彩鮮艷。pollinarium (plural pollinaria) the functional unit of pollen transfer in orchid pollination, consisting of two or more pollinia (sometimes with caudicles), often a stipe, and a viscidium.花粉團(tuán)-蘭花花粉傳送的功能單位，由兩或更多?；ǚ劢M成（有時具花粉塊柄），通常具一個珠柄和一個粘盤。pollinium (plural pollinia) a coherent mass of pollen grains.傳粉塊-一個花粉粒的結(jié)合體proteranthous when an inflorescence is produced before the pseudobulb and leaves on the same shoot. The inflorescence develops on the top of a vegetative shoot, of which the leaf or leaves and the terminal internode are not yet developed.早花的-同一梢上，花序在假鱗莖和葉生長之前出現(xiàn)?；ㄐ蛟谛律翼敳可L，同時葉和端生節(jié)間還未生長。protocorm the ephemeral structure resulting from the germinated orchid seed and from which the first true shoot and root differentiate. 原始球莖-蘭花種子發(fā)芽后形成的暫時的結(jié)構(gòu)，區(qū)分與第一新梢和根。pseudobulb the variously thickened portion of an aerial orchid stem.假鱗莖-氣生蘭花莖的各種加厚部分。pseudoindeterminate (of orchids) denotes a stem that grows indefinitely although the plant retains the sympodium and produces new shoots at the base.不確定假鱗莖-主莖無限增長，盡管植株保持合軸且基部長出新梢。pseudopollen a mealy, farinose, pollenlike deposit, e.g., on the lip in some orchids.偽花粉-一個粉狀，淀粉質(zhì)，花粉狀物，如某些蘭花的唇瓣。pseudoraceme a specialized leafless apical portion of the stem bearing inflorescences.偽總狀花序-一種先端無葉的莖生花序。pseudoterminal when an inflorescence is apparently terminal, but is actually axillary on a very short terminal internode that is usually concealed by small bracts.假頂生-花序明顯頂生，但實際上腋生于極短終端節(jié)，通常被小苞片掩蓋。resupinate with the pedicel twisted so that the lip is always in the same position (usually at the bottom of the flower) regardless of the position of the inflorescence.扭轉(zhuǎn)-花梗扭轉(zhuǎn)因此不管花序在哪個位置，唇瓣總是位置不變(通常在花底部)rhizome the indeterminate stem or system of stems of many plants, such as sympodial orchids, which successively give rise to new shoots and flowers, often horizontal or underground but sometimes appressed to branches or rocks.根狀莖-植物的不確定莖或莖系，如合軸蘭花，連續(xù)地出稍和開花，通常在地面或在地下但是有時會緊貼樹枝和巖石。rostellum part of the median stigma lobe of orchid flowers.蕊喙-蘭花柱頭中裂片部分rostellum remnant the often cleft or 2-lobed part of the rostellum that remains after the viscidium has been removed by a pollinator. 蕊喙-粘盤由授粉者除去后保留1-2裂的蕊喙rupicolous see lithophytic.生于巖石從中-見巖表植物saprophyte (adjective saprophytic) deriving its nourishment, in whole or part, from decaying organic matter. Often used incorrectly for a heteromycotroph or holomycotroph that lacks chlorophyll. Fungi are true saprophytes.腐生植物類-營養(yǎng)全部或部分來源于腐爛的有機(jī)體。經(jīng)常被誤認(rèn)為缺乏葉綠素的異形菌根營養(yǎng)植物和完全菌根營養(yǎng)植物。真菌是真正的腐生菌。sectile referring to pollinia comprising several “packets” connected by elastoviscin.可切開的-指包含多個由花粉連絲連接的袋子的花粉sepal any of the outermost whorl of lower parts, often as colorful and showy as the petals in orchids.萼片-花朵螺旋最外層，通常與花瓣一樣多彩艷麗。septum (plural septa, adjective septate) a partition, e.g., in the spur of the lip of some orchids.隔膜-一個分隔區(qū)，如:在一些蘭花的唇瓣的花距里sinker see dropper.真根-見spur a saccate or tubular extension of the lip (or other floral parts) in many orchids, often containing nectar.花距-唇瓣（或花的其他部分）的囊狀或管狀延展部分，通常含花蜜。stelidium (plural stelidia) a discrete arm or projection borne on each side of the column, near the apex, middle, or base, often slender and elongated; e.g., in Bulbophyllum and Dendrochilum; usually interpreted as staminodia (sterile anthers).柱齒-生于蕊喙兩側(cè)的分離臂，在近先端，中部或基部，通常纖細(xì)且伸長；如石豆蘭和足柱蘭；經(jīng)常解釋成（不育花藥）stipe a pollinium stalk derived from the rostellum.珠柄-由蕊喙派生出來的傳粉塊柄stipes (plural stipites) see stipe.莖節(jié)-見珠柄superposed placed on top of each other or at opposite ends.疊生的-放置在彼此的頂部或相對的兩端。symbiosis an ecological relationship between two different organisms in which both obtain mutual benefit.共生-兩種不同生物互相獲利的生態(tài)關(guān)系sympodium (plural sympodia, adjective sy