高考英語改錯常見考點大剖析及經(jīng)典習題.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除高考英語改錯常見考點大剖析及經(jīng)典習題 高考短文改錯命題焦點：短文改錯是全國統(tǒng)一高考中一種綜合性很強的試題。短文改錯的文章多采用記敘文，有時也用說明文。在100詞左右的短文中設(shè)有十個小題，該題的設(shè)計形式有四種：1該行錯一個詞，找出來并改正。2該行多一個詞，找出來并去掉。3該行缺一個詞，補上一詞。4該行沒錯，不改動。從近幾年的高考題來看，這四種形式的考查情況大致為：多一詞12處；缺一詞12處；正確1處；錯一詞56處。這種題說到底是考查用詞、詞的搭配、詞法、句法及語篇中的行文邏輯等各方面的水平。換句話說，這是一種比較全面的考查。我們在平時的學習中就要注意做到詞不離句，句不離篇，要特別注意詞的用法、搭配和語法分析能力的培養(yǎng)。平時打好這種基礎(chǔ)，就為正確地解題準備了條件。 短文改錯解題技巧：快速閱讀掌握大意。短文改錯時應(yīng)先從頭到尾快速讀一遍，了解其大意，這樣有助于了解其中的邏輯關(guān)系，對時態(tài)、人稱等都心中有數(shù)。十行中一般有九行有錯誤，一行無錯，如發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正錯誤，首要的任務(wù)是對全段文字有個整體的理解，閱讀中注意句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、非謂語動詞或動詞短語，注意句子中的名詞、數(shù)詞，以及其他詞性的語法要求，注意句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，注意段落的主旨內(nèi)容，注意整篇短文的中心內(nèi)容，這樣才更加有效地完成改錯。 在改錯過程中，要結(jié)合上下文語境來觀察，不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原則，對語法、句法、邏輯詞義、搭配等諸方面進行綜合考查分析并改正錯誤，應(yīng)看上下文中有無邏輯關(guān)系上的錯誤，有無語法修飾上的錯誤，有無慣用法方面的錯誤。如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯錯誤，則分別檢查時態(tài)、人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，主謂一致等各項。 檢查句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是否恰當。如有不妥之處，看看是否關(guān)聯(lián)詞有問題。 整篇做完后，認真檢查一遍，注意其中邏輯關(guān)系是否合理，時態(tài)人稱等是否 一致。 短文改錯常見考點： 多一詞：抽象名詞前多一冠詞：如：Modern people know more about the health.（去掉the ）專有名詞前多一冠詞：如: the England(去掉the ), the Hebei Province（去掉the ）, the Beijing Airport（去掉the ）固定詞組中名詞前多一冠詞：如：go to the school（去掉the ）, go to the prison（去掉the ）,at the work（去掉the ）, in the bed（去掉the ）, go to the hospital（去掉the ）, set a fire to sth （去掉a）., at the first（去掉the ）, the most of them（去掉the ）,at the noon（去掉the ）, make a rapid progress（去掉a ），a plenty of（去掉a ）表示交通工具的和by連用的名詞前多一冠詞：如：by the air（去掉the ）, by the bus（去掉the ）, by the ship（去掉the ）表示體育活動的名詞前；如：play the football（去掉the ）, play the basketball（去掉the ）表示節(jié)日（常含有Day）的名詞前多一冠詞：如：the National Day（去掉the ）, the May Day（去掉the ）表示“非?！币馑嫉摹癿ost”前多一冠詞：如：He is the most hardworking. （去掉the ）某種讓步狀語從句中名詞前面多一冠詞：如：A child as he is, he knows a lot. （去掉a ）在表示時間的“one/ this/ every + 名詞”的時間狀語前多一介詞：如：on one day（去掉on ）, on that evening（去掉on ）, in every week（去掉in）某些及物動詞因混淆詞義而多一介詞或副詞；如：raise up ones hand（去掉up ）pick（摘）up apples（去掉up ）return back(回來) （去掉back）repeat again（去掉again）play with them in the match（去掉with ）marry with the man（去掉with ）serve for the people（去掉for ）enter into the room（去掉into）I learn English every day to improve it better（去掉better ）.表示地點的副詞前多一介詞：如：go to there（去掉to ）drive to home（去掉to）return to home（去掉to ）某些動詞、連詞、介詞或副詞后面多了一個介詞：如：because of his left leg was broken（去掉of）instead of he developed his love for the theatre（去掉of ） I looked at but could see nothing. （去掉at）join in the army（去掉in ）狀語從句和主句間多一并列連詞：如：Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. （去掉but ）As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.（去掉so）充當狀語的分詞和主句之間多了并列連詞：如：Her husband died, and leaving her three children. （去掉and ）He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. （去掉and ）作定語的分詞前多一代詞：如：The child who reading a book is her brother.（去掉who） How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. （去掉which ）定語從句中多一代詞：如：The film that I saw it yesterday is good. （去掉it ）This is the very book that I am looking for it. （去掉it ）He is the man we talked about him. （去掉him ）在“連詞+ 分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中多一代詞：如：While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.（去掉waiting前的I ）If it heated, ice turns to water. （去掉it）在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中多了“to”， 如：I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.（去掉第一個to）Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? （去掉to ）She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. （去掉to ）You had better not to go there. （去掉to ）I made them to do the cleaning. （去掉to ）I had him to clean the room. （去掉to ）We noticed him to walk out of the garden. （去掉to ）I often hear her to sing the song. （去掉to ） 缺一詞：表一類事物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前缺冠詞：如：A/The horse is a useful animal.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前缺少表示“一”的不定冠詞，如：There is a library in every town in Britain.Good health is a persons most valuable possession.特指名詞前缺定冠詞the ,如：Have you read the books by Mark Twain?The book on the desk is mine.作狀語的動詞不定式缺 “to”，如：David and I want to go off to find helpand other organizations are working to improve health all over the world.形容詞最高級前缺定冠詞the , 如：one of the earliest kinds of moneysuch或so與單數(shù)名詞連用時不可缺少冠詞，如： This is such a good book that I like it. He is so good a student that all the teachers like him.姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式（表示一家人或夫婦二人）前面缺一冠詞，如：The Turners are watching TV.表示世紀的某個年代前面缺一冠詞，如：In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.表示“一個名叫的人”前缺一冠詞，如：A Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容詞比較級+ of the two”前缺一冠詞，如：He is the taller of the two.某些固定短語中缺一冠詞，如：in the end, go to the cinema, in the daytime, on the right抽象名詞具體化時前面缺一冠詞，如：The meeting held yesterday was a success.It is a famous Chinese tea.The experiment turned out to be a failure.作定語的不定式后缺少必要的介詞，如：He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.I need a pen to write with.一些固定短語或習慣搭配中缺介詞，如：He didnt reply to my letter.Are you sure about it?Thousands and thousands of people like watching TV.Dr Wang started to operate on them at once.He grasped my hands and asked for my name and address.Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for.并列句缺并列連詞，如：He was tired and it was getting dark.He asked me to go, so I went.He is old, but he is still strong.名詞性從句中缺少必要的連接詞，如：That he will come is certain.It is uncertain whether he can come or not.We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.定語從句中缺少必要的關(guān)系代詞，如：The police have found the knife with which the man killed his wife.The changes that/ which have taken place are great.Is this the boy who did the good deed?缺少為避免重復(fù)而使用的替代詞“that或those”，如：The population is much larger than that of Canada.The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Shijiazhuang.The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those made in Beijing.“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch”等動詞變成被動語態(tài)時缺少“to”，如：They were made to work fourteen hours a day by the landlord.He was noticed to cross the street.為避免重復(fù)而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to, 如：If you dont want to do it, you dont need to.I wanted to go out, but my mother told me not to.Dont leave the room unless I tell you to. 錯一詞：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤，如：Different people speak different language. (language languages)We have been to Europe many time.( timetimes)His word were a great encouragement to me. (wordwords)There are branch library in many villages. (librarylibraries)動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的錯誤，如：Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.( hurry hurried)Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.( is was)Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (costcosts)形容詞、副詞混用錯誤（修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞、整個句子應(yīng)用副詞，修飾系動詞、名詞應(yīng)用形容詞）及其他詞性錯誤，如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully wonderful)A players native language is not importance. (importanceimportant)Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( importantimportance)Unfortunate, there are too many people(UnfortunateUnfortunately)人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的錯誤，如：The game speaks for themselves. ( themselves itself)The Blacks did his best to make me feel at home. ( histheir)非謂語動詞使用錯誤，如：I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. ( watch watching 動名詞短語作主語)I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk.(enjoyenjoying, 與seeing 是平行結(jié)構(gòu))He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.(washwashed,與cut是 平行結(jié)構(gòu)，采用的是have sth done結(jié)構(gòu))同義詞、近義詞、形似詞錯誤，如：across與through, among 與between, except與 besides, like與 as, ago 與before, accept 與receive, living 與alive, let與 allow, lonely與 alone, too 與either, cost 、spend 、pay與 take, hard與 hardly, worth與 worthy, raise與 rise, likely與 possible, near 與nearly, lend 與borrow, job 與work, deep 與deeply, answer 與reply, high與 highly, sit 與seat, wide 與widely, try與 manage, neither 與either, so 與such, every day 與everyday, all與 both, every 與each, find 與found（建立）, lie（躺）、lie（撒謊）與 lay（放置、生產(chǎn)）, hang（掛）與 hang（絞死）sound與voice, place與room, forget與leave, hope 與wish, call on與call at如：I raised my sound so that I could be heard.(soundvoice, voice表示人的嗓音)There isnt any place for me in the bus.(placeroom, room為不可數(shù)名詞表示“空間”)I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.(forgotleft, leave表示“剩留，把某物忘在某地”)I hope you to come earlier next time.(hopewish, hope后面不能跟“賓語+動詞不定式”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher.(suchso, 當many/ much/few/little 表示“多或少”的含義時，前面常用so)I received an invitation but I didnt receive it.(receiveaccept, accept 表示“主觀接受”)You should rise your hand before asking the question.(riseraise, rise是不及物動詞，raise是及物動詞)關(guān)系詞用錯，如：I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.(whenthat,先行詞在定語從句中作賓語)Ill never forget the day that I went abroad myself.(thatwhen, 先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語)The tool with that he is working is called a saw.(thatwhich, 介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能用that )If he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me.(IfWhether, if 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句) The fact which water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen is undeniable.(whichthat, that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句只起連接作用，不做句子成分)連詞使用錯誤，如：if與unless, because與for, when與whileWe tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.( andbut)If packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might get hungry.(IfUnless)He was walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.(whilewhen, 此時，when不譯作“當?shù)臅r候”，而表示“正在時，這時另一件事發(fā)生了”。)感嘆詞用錯：what和how其他情況：介詞使用錯誤，情態(tài)動詞使用錯誤，冠詞使用錯誤等。 短文改錯典型習題：This is a extraordinary animal in every way. He is not1._a fish, as people might think, but a mammal. 2._Off all the animals this brain comes closest to the 3._human brain in all shape and size. He is able to 4._send out and imitate(模仿)sounds, so some scientist5._declare that they can actually teach them to speak. The 6._dolphin(海豚)is the only animal which is fond of mans7._company. There are a great deal old stories of a dolphin8._saving human beings or guide ships away from dangerous9._sand banks. He is a creature at many gifts. He also gives10._pleasure to seamen during their off-duty hours by jumpingand racing about in the water.答案與詳解：1. aan在以元音開頭的單詞前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。2.正確。3. offof由comes closest可知這里副詞close的最高級。短語of all常用在最高級中表示范圍。句中意為“在所有的動物中與最接近”。副詞off不能表達此意。4. allboth連詞詞組bothand用于連接兩個對等的成分，即shape和size. “in both shape and size”意為：在形狀與大小兩個方面，故all應(yīng)改為both。5.scientistscientists some后面的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式。6.themhim由文中He is 和The dolphin is可判斷，此處用第三人稱單數(shù)的賓格形式，即him。7.whichthat 注意animal前的修飾詞only. 定語從句中，如先行詞前有only修飾，其關(guān)系代詞用that。8.dealmany 句中stories為一可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)由a great many來修飾。短語a great deal of通常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。9.guideguiding 連詞or常用來連接兩個相等的成分，前者是saving，因此guide須改成guiding。or常譯作“或者”、“還是”。10. atof 根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)改at為of。of many gifts在句中作定語，修飾a creature, 意為“具有天賦的動物”。介詞at不能表達此意。What did we use to do after there was television? 1._We used to have hobbies, and going outside for our2._amusements. We even used to read book and listen to 3._music and broadcast talks occasionally. All which 4._belongs to the past. Now all our free time are controlled 5._by the “box”. We rush home or gulp(吞)down 6._our meals to be in time for this and that programme.7._We have even given up sit at table and having a leisurely(從容地) 8._evening meal, exchanging a news of the day.9._If any member of the family dare to open 10._his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.答案與詳解：1.afterbefore 根據(jù)上下文可判斷，此句的意思為：在沒有電視之前我們干些什么呢？2.goinggo and 連結(jié)語法作用相同的單詞、短語或句子，前面have是動詞原形，后面go也要用動詞原形。3.bookbooks book是可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指我們過去有時也讀書。應(yīng)用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.whichthat that是指示代詞，它一般用在all, the only, the same, no或形容詞 的最高級后面。5.areis time作“時間”講時是一個不可數(shù)名詞。6.正確。7.andor or此句意為“我們囫圇吞下我們的飯，為的是及時去觀看這個或那個節(jié)目”。此處為選擇的意思，不是并列關(guān)系。8.sitsitting 動詞短語give up 后應(yīng)跟名詞或名詞性的短語，故應(yīng)用sit的動名詞形式。9.athenews是一個不可數(shù)名詞，故不可用a修飾。此處指互相交換當天的情況，所以用定冠詞。10.daredares 此處dare實意動詞，它的主語為單數(shù)。By midday the sun was such strong that Jim could 1._not go any further. There were no tree near the path,2._so he took a shelter under a big rock. After drink 3._the rest of his water, he took off his shirt and rolled them4._into a pillow. Then he lied down and went to sleep.5._It was late in the afternoon when he awoke. He was 6._about to sit up when he felt something move near his feet.7._He looked up. A long snake was about to crawl across his8._legs. Jim watched, too terrified not to do anything. The9._snake moved across his legs, then crawled and disappear under the rock.10._答案與詳解：1.suchso so + 形容詞/副詞 + that-clause, such + a(an) + 名詞+that-clause2.treetrees 主語謂語在數(shù)上應(yīng)一致。no trees相當于not any trees。3.drinkdrinkingdrinking 為動名詞，其后的the rest of his water為drink的賓語。4.themit此處應(yīng)用代詞it 代替his shirt。5.liedlay此處為動詞形式誤用，應(yīng)特別注意形近詞。如：lie(躺)-lay-lain, lying; lay(放、產(chǎn)卵) laid- laid -laying; lie(撒謊) -lied lied- lying。6.正確。7.movemovingmoving為現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補，強調(diào)“感覺到有什么東西正在動”。8.updown 此處為邏輯錯誤，句意為：低頭看腳下之物。9.去掉nottooto意為：太而不能。注意英語慣用法不可受漢語影響。10.disappeardisappeared此句中moved, crawled和disappeared為三個并列謂語，故用過去式。John jumped into the river to save a drowning man with no thought for his own safety. When I reached them, John was very tired. He 1._was so tired that all of them might have 2._drowned if I didnt come with the boat. 3._Together, we got the man to shore, holding on tothe boat with one hand and swam with 4._another. The man looked dead, but his heart5._was beating. John did all what he could6._save the man while I ran to the nearest house7._to call a doctor. At the time the doctor came, 8._the man was able to sit up, as he looked very9._sick. The doctor brought him to the hospital, and10._when we called up last night to ask about him, they told us he would be well in a day or two