尼爾森10條準(zhǔn)則.doc

Ten Usability HeuristicsbyJakob NielsenThese are ten general principles for user interface design. They are called heuristics because they are more in the nature of rules of thumb than specific usability guidelines.Visibility of system status讓用戶對系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)有直觀的了解The system should always keep users informed about what is going on, through appropriate feedback within reasonable time.Match between system and the real world系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該對真實(shí)世界進(jìn)行映射The system should speak the users language, with words, phrases and concepts familiar to the user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order.User control and freedom用戶控制和自由度Users often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked emergency exit to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Support undo and redo.Consistency and standards一致性和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform conventions.Error prevention容錯性Even better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. Either eliminate error-prone conditions or check for them and present users with a confirmation option before they commit to the action.Recognition rather than recall識別而非回憶Minimize the users memory load by making objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate.Flexibility and efficiency of use使用的高效與靈活A(yù)ccelerators - unseen by the novice user - may often speed up the interaction for the expert user such that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions.Aesthetic and minimalist design美觀并簡潔Dialogues should not contain information which is irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit of information in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their relative visibility.Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors有助于用戶認(rèn)識錯誤、判斷錯誤并從錯誤中恢復(fù)Error messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), precisely indicate the problem, and constructively suggest a solution.Help and documentation提供幫助和文檔Even though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary to provide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused on the users task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large.I originally developed the heuristics forheuristic evaluationin collaboration with Rolf Molich in 1990 Molich and Nielsen 1990; Nielsen and Molich 1990. I since refined the heuristics based on a factor analysis of 249 usability problems Nielsen 1994a to derive a set of heuristics with maximum explanatory power, resulting in this revised set of heuristics Nielsen 1994b.Updated FindingsIll present my newest usability guidelines in the tutorial onFundamental Guidelines for Web Usabilityat theUsability Week 2009 conferencein Las Vegas and Berlin.The conference also includes a full-day course on othermethods beyond user testing.See Also: Bruce Tog Tognazzinis list ofbasic principles for interface design. The list is slightly too long for heuristic evaluation but serves as a useful checklist. Examples of the10 heuristics in Web applications. The 10 usability heuristicsapplied to everyday life(just for fun). Full set of2,397 usability guidelines(across multiple reports).References Molich, R., and Nielsen, J. (1990). Improving a human-computer dialogue,Communications of the ACM33, 3 (March), 338-348. Nielsen, J., and Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces,Proc. ACM CHI90 Conf.(Seattle, WA, 1-5 April), 249-256. Nielsen, J. (1994a). Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuri