形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則、用法.doc

形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則1一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加-est；（1）單音節(jié)詞如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest （2）雙音節(jié)詞如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest2以不發(fā)音e結尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音元音輔音）先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er,最高級加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest fatfatterfattest4輔音字母y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞, 把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different popularmore popularmost popular注意：（1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用.例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2） 形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示非常.It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6 有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級不規(guī)則goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremost littlelessleast 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法1“A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思為“A比B更”.如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高. 在含有連詞than的比較級中,前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇,即同類事物之間的比較.在比較級前面使用much,表示程度程度“強得多”.如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修飾原級,不能修飾比較級.2“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來了,天氣變得越來越暖和了.The wind became more and more heavily. 風變得越來越大.3含有or的選擇疑問句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級形式.如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高,Tim還是Tom?4. “the +比較級, the+比較級”,表示“越越”.The sooner,the better.越快越好.5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法：. A is times the size /height/length/width of B.如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍.(新樓是舊樓的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大.(亞洲比歐洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我們學校比你們學校大兩倍.6.形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較,表示“最”的意思.如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我們班里是最高的.7.否定詞語+比較級,否定詞語+ so as結構表示最高級含義.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比較級與最高級的轉換：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class9.修飾比較級和最高級的詞(1） 可修飾比較級的詞 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等.(除by far外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面.). 可用表倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語.(2)下列詞可修飾最高級：by far, far, much, mostly, a