專題14 主謂一致與數(shù)詞.doc

主謂一致在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年來，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三個方面。一、使用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞的情況1由and, bothand連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Both the teacher and the students are working hard. 但當(dāng)and 連接的兩個名詞指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二個名詞前沒有冠詞等限定詞時；另外，and連接的兩個名詞前有each，every等修飾語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The knife and fork lies on the table. 2“the形容詞或過去分詞”指一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. 3the people/cattle/police作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. 二、使用單數(shù)謂語動詞的情況1單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、不定代詞，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. 2不定式、動名詞、主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Looking after the baby is my job. 3學(xué)科名詞，以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，以s結(jié)尾的書名、報(bào)紙雜志名、地方、組織名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Physics is hard to study. 4單數(shù)名詞 with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 三、使用就近原則的情況or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。如：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball，otherwise they would take part in the basketball match. 四、集體名詞作主語時主謂一致的情況若看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若側(cè)重于個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：class, family，population, committee等。如：The whole family are farmers. 五、幾個具體情況1none作主語時，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可用單數(shù)形式。如：None of this money is yours. None of these suggestions are very helpful. 2a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends. The number of students in my class is 63. 3one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面跟定語從句時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致；the (only) one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，即與the (only) one一致。如：He is one of the students who are against the plan. The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom. 4“some復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； some單數(shù)名詞作主語時，some意為“某個”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Some student is on duty today. Some students in my class are very lazy. 5trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但a pair of的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：This pair of glasses is expensive. 6單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語。英語中一些單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，應(yīng)根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，常見的這類名詞有works(工廠)，police(警察)，sheep(綿羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(魚)，means(方法)，species(種類)，Chinese(中國人)，Japanese(日本人)；Swiss(瑞士人)；series(系列)等。如：Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 7what /whoever /which引導(dǎo)的主語從句充當(dāng)主語時，有時要看what /whoever /which所指代的詞的意義來決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。如：What he said is true. What we need are more volunteers. 8“分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))of 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)名詞確定。如：Onethird of us are boys. Twofifths of water is clear. 9 “more than one /many a 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，盡管其意義復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞還是用單數(shù)形式。但“more than 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)和概數(shù)。復(fù)習(xí)時要注意下面問題：1基數(shù)詞的意義：表示事物數(shù)量的多少，特別是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基數(shù)詞或某些表示數(shù)量的形容詞時，它們只能用單數(shù)。2序數(shù)詞一般由基數(shù)詞th構(gòu)成。以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞the，但序數(shù)詞不表示順序而表示“再一；又一”時，前面要用不定冠詞a(an)。 3另外要注意年代的表達(dá)“the年代s或the 年代s”和名詞與數(shù)詞的關(guān)系：“the序數(shù)詞名詞” 或 “名詞基數(shù)詞”等。4分?jǐn)?shù)的形式：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞大于“1”時，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5小數(shù)的組成和讀法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point，小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面的數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的方法讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)按數(shù)字讀。1單句改錯(1)One or perhaps more pages is missing. 【解析】 is改為are。由or連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與靠近它的主語一致。(2)Large quantities of food was carried to the city. 【解析】 was改為were?！發(fā)arge quantities of復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即與quantities一致。(3)All he said are wrong. 【解析】 are改為is。all 作主語時，若all為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，若all為一個整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(4)The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon. 【解析】 are改為is。當(dāng)as well as連接兩個名詞時，謂語動詞與前面一個名詞保持一致。2【誤】 Several millions people in the world are sending information by email every day. 【正】 Several million people in the world are sending information by email every day. 【解析】 在million，hundred等前如果有具體數(shù)字或 several等詞修飾時，要用單數(shù)形式。但在表示不確切數(shù)目時用復(fù)數(shù)，如：表示“數(shù)百萬”，應(yīng)為millions of。3The company had about 20 computers but only onethird _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere【誤】 學(xué)生可能以為onethird是分?jǐn)?shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)而誤選A 或C; 另外學(xué)生也可能不確定句子的時態(tài)而誤選B?！菊?答案為D?！窘馕觥?本題中的onethird指代的是computers的三分之一，因此此處謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且該句話說的是過去的事情。12009山東卷 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been【解析】 C主語是 the number，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，又因時間狀語是since 1990，所以用完成時態(tài)。2Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area _ invited. Awere Bhave beenChas been Dwas【解析】 D由and連接的兩個名詞同時被every，each或no修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。再從問句的 last night可以看出，應(yīng)為過去時。32009四川卷 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. Aare; were Bis; wereCare; was Dis; was【解析】 D第一空謂語要和the teacher一致；第二空that指代Reading Skills這本書， 謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。4Shortly after the accident，two _ police were sent to the spot to keep order. Adozens of BdozensCdozens of Ddozen【解析】 Ddozen, score，hundred, thousand，million等名詞前面有數(shù)詞或several等詞修飾時，這些詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在下列短語中加s，并與of連用：dozens of (許多的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of (數(shù)百萬的)。5He did it _ it took me. Aone third a time Bone third timeCthe one third time Done third the time【解析】 D考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。句意為：他做這件事只用了我(做這件事)三分之一的時間。這句話包含一個定語從句，修飾the time，只是關(guān)系詞已省略。62010四川卷 Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read，of whose works，however，some _ difficult to understand. Aare；are Bis；isCare；is Dis；are【解析】 A考查主謂一致。第一空poets作主語，謂語用are，第二空some of his works作主語，表示復(fù)數(shù)的概念，依然用are。72010湖南卷 Listening to loud music at rock concerts_ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ais Bare Chas Dhave【解析】 C考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。根據(jù)動名詞短語作主語，句子的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)主語與caused的主動關(guān)系，排除A，選C。8The secretary and headmaster of the school _the meeting. Awere going to Bare going toCare having Dis to attend【解析】 D只有and前的名詞前有冠詞，表示“書記兼校長”，指同一個人，選D。92009陜西卷 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going toCwas going to Dwere going to【解析】 A考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語是Dr. Smith，表單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；時間狀語是this summer, 表計(jì)劃性的將來，故時態(tài)用一般將來時，選A。10Either you or one of your students _to attend the match that is due Tuesday. Aare Bis Chave Dbe【解析】 B考查主謂一致的用法。eitheror連接兩個主語，按就近原則來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。11An average of 130,000 Chinese _ abroad for studies every year over the past few years, boosting exchanges in the educational fields. Awas going Bhave been goingChas been going Dare going【解析】 B考查主謂一致及時態(tài)。該句的主語是An average of 130,000 Chinese，故應(yīng)將答案鎖定在B、D中。由于短語over the past few years知用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。12What the science teacher does and says _ of great importance to college students. Awas Bare Cis Dwere【解析】 C考查主謂一致。句意為：這個科學(xué)老師所做的和所說的對大學(xué)生很重要。and連接的主語表示同一件事的兩個方面，表示單數(shù)含義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。13Since he became a taxi driver, his income is_ as before. Athree times as many Bmore than three timesCthree times as much Das three times【解析】 C考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法。正確形式應(yīng)為：倍數(shù)as形容詞、副詞的原級as; 倍數(shù)形容詞/副詞比較級than故答案為C。142010陜西卷 It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area. Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built【解析】 D本題考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。many a加名詞單數(shù)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，排除A、B，at present表明了“現(xiàn)在”排除C。15What is the model plane like?Well, the wings of the plane are _ of its body. Amore than the length twiceBmore than twice the lengthCmore than the twice lengthDmore twice than the length【解析】 B考查倍數(shù)句型。根據(jù)倍數(shù)句型的構(gòu)成“Ais倍數(shù)詞thelength等ofB”選擇B項(xiàng)。答語意為“機(jī)翼的長度是機(jī)身長度的兩倍多”。more than twice意為“兩倍多”。1（石家莊二中2011屆高三一模）Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _ to ten Hope Schools in South ChinaAwere sent Bwas sentChave sentDhad been sent【答案】B2.（2011河北正定中學(xué)第一次月考）6It is you, rather than he, thatfor the accidentAis to blameBare to blame Cis blameDare blame【答案】B 3.（2011廣西玉林、南寧二中9月聯(lián)考）31Between the two mountains the factory where my father used to work.AstandBstandsCto standDstanding【答案】B 4.（2011浙江溫州八校返校聯(lián)考）34Chen Fang , as well as his two colleagues, _ for a trip to Tibet in a monthAgoes Bgo Cis going Dare going【答案】C考查主謂一致及時態(tài)。此處Chen Fang是主語，故用單數(shù)謂語動詞；根據(jù)in a month可知用將來時。5.（2011四川綿陽中學(xué)第一次月考）29. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books to Zhouqu since the mud-rock flow occurred.A. has been offered B. have been offeredC. are offered D. is being offered【答案】A 6.（2011四川成都市摸底）32Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.AisBareChas beenDhave been【答案】A 7.（2011湖南雅禮中學(xué)第一次月考）26More than one student in our class _ to Shanghai Expo. Ahas beenBhave beenCisDare【答案】A8.（2011江西南昌一中第一次月考）31More than _ of the classmates in my class _ fond of pop musicAtwo-third, is Btwo-thirds, is Csecond-third, are Dtwo-thirds, are【答案】D 9.（2011福建福州三中第一次月考）41The teacher together with the students discussing Writing skills that newly published in America.Aare; wereBare; wasCis; wasDis; were【答案】C 10.（2011福建福州三中第一次月考）36One third of the deer by the wolves last night.Awas eatenBis eatenCwere eatenDare eaten【答案】C 11. （浙江省慈溪中學(xué)2010屆高三第二次月考）The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A. has B. do C. is D. are答案 D考查主謂一致。此處soil and water是主語，故用are。12. （廣西桂林十八中2010屆高三第五次月考）According to recent exploration to Mars, it may hold _ water as previously thought. A. twice as much B. as much twice C. twice much as D. much as twice答案 A考查數(shù)詞的用法。此句型倍數(shù)twice應(yīng)置于as之前。13. （陜西省鎮(zhèn)安中學(xué)2010屆高三上學(xué)期第三次月考）In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane_ having one exam after another.A. Is tired with B. are tired with C. is tired of D. are tired of 答案 C考查主謂一致。此處考查就近一致，Jane是主語故用is。14. （河南省駐馬店高中2010屆高三摸底考試）Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be答案 B考查主謂一致。此處考查就近一致，真正的主語是one of your students，故用is。15. （上海市六校