空白講義 2.doc

永成教育一對一講義教師: 學(xué)生: 日期: 星期: 時段: 課 題學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)與分析學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)方法 專題二 代詞 一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的主格、賓格，表格如下： 數(shù)人稱格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouShe, he, itweyouthey賓格meyouher , him , itusyouthem人稱代詞的主格在句中充當(dāng)主語。I love my country.She is a good student.人稱代詞的賓格在句中充當(dāng)動詞、介詞的賓語或表語。I dont know her.His mother is waiting for him outside. Who is it? Its me.3. 人稱代詞的語序幾個人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語時，他們的順序是：單數(shù)形式（二、三、一） you, he and I 復(fù)數(shù)形式（一、二、三） we, you and they二、物主代詞1. 物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，表格如下：數(shù)人稱詞義類型單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2. 形容詞性物主代詞在句中做定語修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。His parents are both office workers.My name is Jack3. 名詞性物主代詞常用來避免前面已提及的名詞，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。 This is my dictionary. Where is yours? Its over there, on the bed.My idea is quite different from hers.4. 名詞性物主代詞可用在of后面作定語，相當(dāng)于“of+名詞所有格”，表示帶有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。He is a friend of mine. (我的一個朋友)三、反身代詞1. 反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式表格如下：數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myself我自己ourselves我們自己第二人稱Yourself你自己yourselves你們自己第三人稱himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己 他們自己themselves 她們自己 它們自己2. 反身代詞的用法The little boy is too young to look after himself. (作賓語)I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party. (作賓語)The children made model planes themselves. (作同位語)Please help yourself to some fish. (作賓語)3. 反身代詞的常用詞組teach oneself 自學(xué)learn by oneself 自學(xué)enjoy oneself 過得愉快，玩得高興help oneself to 隨便吃come to oneself 蘇醒hurt oneself 受傷by oneself 親自四、指示代詞1. 指示代詞表格如下：單數(shù)thisthat復(fù)數(shù)thatthose2. 指示代詞的用法（1） this / these 近指。This is my pen. These are my books. 指下文要提到的事。Please remember this: No pains, no gains.(2) that / those 遠(yuǎn)指。Thats her bike. 指前面剛剛提到過的事、He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.3. 打電話時用this介紹自己，that詢問對方。This is Mike speaking. 我是麥克。Whos that? 你是誰？5、 疑問代詞的用法。疑問代詞主要用法例句who作主語、表語、賓語（作賓語時在口語中不能放在介詞后）Who wants to go with me?Who are you talking?whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語Whom are you talking? / To whom are you talking?whosewho的所有格形式，作主語、表語、賓語、定語Whose book is this?what / whowhat詢問某人的職業(yè) Whats your father? He is a worker.who 詢問某人的身份、姓名 Who is the boy under the tree? He is Li Ming.what / whichwhat指不定數(shù)目中的“哪一個，那一些；什么”，沒有一定范圍的限定 Who is the boy under the tree? He is Li Ming.which “哪一個”，指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物What would you like?常考點(diǎn)清單二一、普通不定代詞及復(fù)合不定代詞1. 初中階段常用普通不定代詞表格如下：some, anyfew, littlenone,one,other many, mucheither, neithereach, everyboth , all2. 普通不定代詞的用法（1）some與anySome 與any均表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件句。但在疑問句中，若要表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答或表示請求、建議時應(yīng)用some 。There arent any students in the classroom. Would you like some coffee? Yes, please.(2) many與 muchMany修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞 so, too, as, how 連用。much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度so, too, as, how連用。There are too many mistakes in your exercises.He never eats so much breakfast.He has got too much work to do.(3) either與 neitherEither指兩個之中其中一個，neither指兩個人或物中一個也不。常構(gòu)成固定搭配 either / neither of +名（代）詞的復(fù)數(shù)+謂語動詞（第三人稱單數(shù)）；當(dāng)eitheror 和neithernor，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與離它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There are trees on either side of the street.Neither of the books is good.Either you or I am going to America.(4) both 與allboth表示“兩者都”，常與and連用；all指“三者或三者以上都”Both she and I are students.Both plans are good.All of us should go there.They all agree to stay here.(5) each 與everyeach和 every都表示“每一個”之意，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體，當(dāng)它作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況，修飾名詞時謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外，each可用來指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物，而every只可指三個或三個以上的人或事物。There are trees on each side of the road.Each student passed the exam.Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.(二) 復(fù)合不定代詞somebody某人anybody任何人nobody沒有人everybody每個人someone某人anyone任何人no one沒有人everyone每人something某事anything任何事nothing沒有東西everything每件事Do you have anything special to tell me today?你今天有什么特別的事告訴我嗎？Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.同學(xué)們，聽我說，我有一些事情要告訴你們。 Is there anything in the cup? 杯子里有東西嗎？ No, there is nothing. 沒有，什么也沒有。注意：1. 當(dāng)主句的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞如everybody, nobody, anyone等時，其反意疑問句的主語通常用代詞they；當(dāng)主句中的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞如everything, anything, nothing, something等時，其反意疑問句的主語通常用代詞it.Everybody is here, arent they? 大家都在這，是嗎？Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎？2. 當(dāng)形容詞或else(另外) 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something, everything, everyone等時，形容詞或else必須放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you. 小明，我有重要的事情要告訴你。We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我們還需要一個助手。你能再給我們找一個嗎？3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，還可以和of 短語連用。I would like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福Everyone / every one likes Mary. 大家都喜歡瑪麗。I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下來。She took my bottles of whisky and emptied every one down the sink. 我把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全倒進(jìn)水池子里去了。二、代詞it的用法1. 指代前面提到過的事物。This is not my book. It is Jims.2. 用來代替指示代詞this 或that Whats this? Its a pencil.3. 指嬰兒或不明身份的人。Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is.4. 指時間或季節(jié)。 Whats the time now? Its ten oclock.5. 表天氣。 Whats the weather like today? Its sunny.6. 表距離How far is it from your school to your home?7. 用作形式主語，常用于下列句型中：(1) It is+ adj. + ( for sb.) to do sth.It is important for us to work hard.(2) Its time to do / for / thatIts time to get up / for lunch / that we go home.(3) It seems that 看起來好像(4) Its ones turn to do 輪到某人做Its your turn to sing.(5) Its + adj. + that 從句8. 作形式賓語Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?9. 引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that / who / whom+ 其它成分”。It is our hope that our city becomes more and more beautiful.三、it, one, that作代詞時的區(qū)別1. it特指上下文提到的同一對象，是同一事物。The book is mine. Its very interesting. 這本書是我的，它很有趣。2. one 泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個，同類而不同一。 Who has a pen? 誰有鋼筆？ I have one. 我有一支。3. that 常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 冬天北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷。易混點(diǎn)清單1、 both; all; either; any; neither ; none都任何都不兩者botheitherneither三者（以上）allanynone二、little; a