高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題九情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課堂訓(xùn)練.doc

專題九情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. (2014江蘇卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.A. might B. would C. should D. could2. (2014北京卷)_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should3. (2014湖南卷) Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we_ bring anything with us?A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. neednt4. (2014江西卷)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest.A. shall B. mustC. need D. might5. (2014北京卷)We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. are B. wereC. will be D. would be6. (2014福建卷)_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B. Had there beenC. If there are D. If there have been7. (2014天津卷)_ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. Should be catchC. Has he caught D. Had he caught8. (2014浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help.A. would have come B. could comeC. have come D. had come9. (2014大綱卷)Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can10. (2014湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. were B. had beenC. should be D. was1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：讓我難過的是，他們自己那么窮，竟然還要給我?guī)С缘?。should此處意為“竟然”，表驚訝。2. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我可以和你談?wù)剢幔坎粫?huì)花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。表示詢問對(duì)方是否允許，can與shall均可用于第一人稱，但can側(cè)重滿足自身需求。根據(jù)句意可知，本題使用Can I.？更合適。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我已經(jīng)為野餐準(zhǔn)備了各種食物。你的意思是我們不必帶任何東西了？本題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定意義辨析。cant(不可能；不能)；mustnt(禁止，千萬(wàn)不能)；neednt(不必；不需要)；shant(不應(yīng)該)，常用口語(yǔ)形式。4. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：生活是無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)的，甚至最貧窮的人也許會(huì)成為最富有的人。shall(將要)；must(必須，一定)；need(需要)；might(也許)。根據(jù)前句“Life is unpredictable”，說明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。5. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：如果你沒有把地圖丟了，我們現(xiàn)在就會(huì)回到賓館里了。本題考查的是if條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，條件句中使用一般過去時(shí)或were，主句使用would do形式。根據(jù)從句的did可知本句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故D項(xiàng)正確。6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：如果沒有現(xiàn)代的電信業(yè)，要想得到世界各地的消息，我們就不得不等幾個(gè)星期。本題題是一個(gè)if條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，if從句中使用過去時(shí)或were，主句使用would do形式；另外，在if從句中如含有were, had或should時(shí)，可在if被省略的同時(shí)，were，had或should放在從句句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。7. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：如果他趕上了早班火車，他就不會(huì)開會(huì)遲到了。本題考查的是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，條件句中使用過去完成時(shí)，主句使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”；當(dāng)條件句中的if省略的時(shí)候，要把had提前形成部分倒裝，故D項(xiàng)正確。8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：在我們進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的這幾個(gè)月里，他們?cè)趪?guó)外，要不然，他們就會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們的。本句考查的是一個(gè)含蓄的虛擬條件句，句中的or相當(dāng)于if they had not gone abroad，因?yàn)榍懊婢渲惺褂玫氖莣ere，說明這個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣是與過去事實(shí)相反，所以主句中使用的是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的形式，故A項(xiàng)正確。9. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：盡管你有時(shí)可能會(huì)在倫敦找到便宜貨，但總的說來(lái)那不是一個(gè)購(gòu)物便宜的地方。should(應(yīng)該；竟然)；need(需要)；must(必須，一定；非得，偏偏)；can(能夠，可能，有時(shí)會(huì))。根據(jù)句意可知用can，表示“有時(shí)可能，有時(shí)會(huì)”。10. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：如果Mr. Dewey在場(chǎng)，他就會(huì)向那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。本題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，條件狀語(yǔ)從句要使用過去完成時(shí)，主句要使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”。根據(jù)本句后面主句中的“would have offered”說明是與過去事實(shí)相反，故從句中使用過去完成時(shí)。高考中，試題對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考核常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的理解與掌握。因此，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在高考中的熱點(diǎn)依次為：對(duì)過去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，尤其是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的考查頻率較高；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)和可能性；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示請(qǐng)求、允許和允諾；以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備一：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式例句can能力(體力、智力、技能)允許或許可(口語(yǔ)中常用)可能性(表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中)肯定句中表理論上的可能性，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”How can it be that從句？ 怎么會(huì)？cant but do sth. cant help but do sth. have to do sth. 不得不做某事cant/can never. enough再也不為過cant help doing sth. / being done忍不住做can not / cannot /cant doA blind man cant judge colors. Could you give me a hand with the bag？ Sure.How can it be that he is late for such an important meeting？It can be warm here in winter.I cant but complain about the service.You cant be careful enough.We couldnt help laughing at the jokes.couldcouldnt do不可能；不能；不可以may可以(問句中表示請(qǐng)求)可能，或許(表推測(cè))祝愿(用于倒裝句中)may/might as well do不妨做may well (not) do 很可能(不)做may not do May/Might I use your computer? Yes, you may/can. (No, you mustnt/cant./Im afraid not.)We may as well stay indoors today.He may well refuse to talk to you.mightmight not do可能不會(huì)做must必須，應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)肯定，想必(肯定句中表推測(cè)) 與if，how，why連用，表“非得要”must not/mustnt do禁止，不允許做Must I hand in the paper？Yes, you must. (No, you neednt/dont have to./Youd better not.)If you must smoke, please go out.have to只好，不得不(客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化)dont have to do沒必要做We dont have to go home nowits still early.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should) 理該、按道理應(yīng)該(表猜測(cè))ought not to/oughtnt to do不應(yīng)該做 Ought we to observe the rule？ Yes, we ought. (No, we oughtnt.)shall將要，會(huì)(表時(shí)態(tài)意義，用于第一人稱)用于一三人稱表示征求對(duì)方意見(用于疑問句)用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅、決心、條約規(guī)定等(用于陳述句)shall not/shant do不會(huì)/不允許/不可以做Shall the applicant wait outside？You shall leave the room at once and she shall too.You shall have the book after I read it.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)；理該會(huì)本該(含有責(zé)備意味)；萬(wàn)一；竟然Why / How should.？表說話人對(duì)某事不理解，感到意外或驚異should not/shouldnt do不應(yīng)該做You should call him and apologize. Such a gentleman should be so rude to the lady. Why should he be so late today？will意愿，決心；習(xí)慣；客觀趨勢(shì)，臨時(shí)起意請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉sth. wont / wouldnt do 怎么也不will not/wont doWill/Would do me a favor？Yes, I will.(No, I wont.)wouldwould not/wouldnt do不愿做； 怎么也不做She will take a walk after supper. The door wont open.dare敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中) dared not do sth. didnt dare (to) do sth.dare not/darent do不敢做Dare he go out alone at night？ Yes, he dare. (No, he darent.)need需要必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)need not/neednt do沒必要做Need I tell him the news？ Yes, you must. /Im afraid you have to.(No, you neednt/dont have to.)used to過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再) There used to ben.used not/usednt/didnt use to do過去不常做Used he to smoke？Yes, he used.(No, he use(d)nt.) Did he use to smoke？ Yes, he did.(No, he didnt.)要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)1must be是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)must be doing 推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情must have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。may, might, can用法相同must意為“肯定，一定”，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。注意其反義疑問：He must be a man from America, isnt he？He must be talking with his friend, isnt he？He must have already arrived there, hasnt / didnt he？You mother must have been told about the truth just now, wasnt she？2may和might意為“也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒有把握，可用于肯定句和否定句He may not be at home. They might have finished their task.3can和could意為“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定句、否定句、疑問句中The weather in that city could be cold now. We could have walked there; it was so near. Can he be in the office now？ No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done用法例句表推測(cè)時(shí)(陳述)：may/might have done sth.(語(yǔ)氣不肯定)過去可能做了某事cant/couldnt have done sth.(語(yǔ)氣肯定)過去不可能做了某事must have done sth.(語(yǔ)氣肯定)過去一定做了某事should have done sth.應(yīng)該已做完某事；竟然做了某事(表驚訝)ought to have done sth.應(yīng)該已做完某事I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.The streets are all dry. It couldnt have rained during the night.The streets are all wet; it must have rained during the night.I hardly imagine such a gentleman should have been so rude to the old lady.They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.表責(zé)備時(shí)(虛擬)：might have done sth.過去本可能做而未做could have done sth.過去本能做而未做should have done sth.過去本該做而未做ought to have done sth.過去本應(yīng)該做而未做區(qū)別：neednt have done sth.過去本不必做卻做了didnt need to do sth. It wasnt necessary to do sth. He might have given you more help, even if he was very busy. Did you listen to the speech？ No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.Your brothers failed in English again. You ought to/should have given him more help. Mr. Smith didnt come last night, did he？ No. We neednt have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. Sorry, sir. I didnt attend yesterdays meeting. You didnt need to come. Actu ally, the meeting was cancelled.表意愿時(shí)(虛擬)：would have done sth.想做而未做，本可以做而未做某事would like to have done sth.想做而未做某事would rather have done sth.寧愿做某事而未做某事I would like to have gone to your help, but I was too busy.The film was a bore. I would rather have stayed at home.表未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，打算、意圖、諾言等：had hoped/planned/. to do hoped/planned/.to have done should/would like to have done would(rather) have done was/were to have donewas going to.本打算If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have seen the famous star. I was to have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I had wanted to come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I wanted to have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I would like to have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I would have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備四：虛擬語(yǔ)氣類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：過去式(be用were)主句謂語(yǔ)：should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形If he were here, he would help us.與過去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：had過去分詞主句謂語(yǔ)：should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞If I had been free, I would have visited you.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：過去式 / should動(dòng)詞原形 / were不定式主句謂語(yǔ)：should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.if條件句的倒裝省略如從句中含有had, were, should時(shí)，可把該詞移至從句句首，同時(shí)省略ifIf I were youWere I you, I would take the job.錯(cuò)綜虛擬如主從句中使用不同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主從句的虛擬則要依據(jù)各自時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)If I had studied medicine in college, I could help you now.(should) do sth.類賓語(yǔ)從句advise，suggest, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, order, command, decide, insist, urge后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為should動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略區(qū)別：He suggested that we not change our mind. His pale face suggested that he was ill. He insisted he had done nothing wrong and that he (should) be set free at once.主語(yǔ)從句It is necessary/important/strange/natural/amazing that從句It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested/arranged/decidedthat從句It is a pity / a shame/no wonderthat從句(that從句中謂語(yǔ)為“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)It is strange that such a person should be our friends.Its a pity that we missed such a golden chance.Its demanded that he (should) go at once.表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)是idea, suggestion, order, request, decision, urge等，其后的表語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略My suggestion is that he should be operated on at once. Their decision is that they buy it.同位語(yǔ)從句以u(píng)rge, idea, suggestion, order, request, decision等為先行詞的同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)為should動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略I made a suggestion that he should be operated on at once.The suggestion I made at the meeting was turned down.wish類wish從句 If only從句一般過去時(shí)(對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬)過去完成時(shí)/ could have done(對(duì)過去虛擬)could/might/would do sth.(對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬)I wish I could be a pop singer. I wish he had visited us then. If only he had visited us then.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have (been) done”表對(duì)過去的虛擬詳見要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三常見結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)would / could / might /. have done , but主語(yǔ)過去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)過去時(shí)， otherwise主語(yǔ) would / could / might /. have done but for sth. but that主語(yǔ)過去時(shí) without n. if it had not been for ., 主語(yǔ) would / could / might /. have done主語(yǔ)had wanted / meant / intended / hoped/., but主語(yǔ)過去時(shí)I would have gone to help you, but I was too busy. I was too busy, otherwise I would have gone to help you. But for the rain, I would have gone to the cinema.狀語(yǔ)從句as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用過去式或過去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用“can / could / may / might / would/.動(dòng)詞原形”Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.其他句型中It is (high/about) timethat從句中謂語(yǔ)用過去式或“should動(dòng)詞原形”Its high time that we left.would rather所接的從句中謂語(yǔ)用過去式或者過去完成式分別表對(duì)現(xiàn)在將來(lái)或?qū)^去的虛擬I would rather you stayed at home now.表祝愿Long live 主語(yǔ)！May 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形！Long live the Peoples Republic of China！May you be happy！重點(diǎn)突破近兩年考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的頻率基本穩(wěn)定，但試題中的有效信息越來(lái)越隱蔽，情景越來(lái)越生動(dòng)真實(shí)，考查的角度越來(lái)越細(xì)微。除了從整體上把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征和語(yǔ)義特征外，能夠準(zhǔn)確理解不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的細(xì)微差異，認(rèn)真區(qū)別具有相同功能的、意思相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法并在真實(shí)的交際情景中印證和領(lǐng)悟情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法和特征顯得尤為重要。1. You _ worry about my studiesI know quite clearly what to do at school.A. shouldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. cant2. It is required by law that enough evidence _ to prove one is innocent of a crime.A. is provided B. has been providedC. be provided D. have been provided3. Being constantly exposed to advertisements is annoying, but it _ be pleasant sometimes.A. shall B. need C. can D. must 4. Id like to ask a question if I _A. must B. need C. will D. may5. Where have you been? I _ in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I _ here earlier.A. have got stuck; would have comeB. got stuck; wasC. got stuck; would have comeD. had to stick; would come6. Its so cold here! Why not close the door? Sorry. It _. Ill have it repaired as soon as possible.A. wont shut B. wont be shutC. doesnt shut D. isnt shut7. The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I _ whats going on in my little boys head right now.”A. had known B. knowC. knew D. have known8. Where _ Mary have put the empty bottles? She _ them away. They must be somewhere.A. can; cant have thrown B. must; needntC. must; must have thrown D. can; mustnt have thrown9. I wonder if Sue will be here by five. Dont worry! She just went to collect her kids.She _ be back by then.A. should B. can C. would D. might10. You _ use my bike on condition that you give it back to me before I leave here.A. should B. must C. ought to D. shall11. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will12. I really dont know how to thank you, but for your help, I _ my lost necklace.A. couldnt have found B. shouldnt have foundC. wouldnt have found D. neednt have found13. Can you come to attend our party tonight? Sorry, but I do wish I _A. had B. can C. will D. could 14. _ he _ me the news yesterday, I would be at the party now.A. Should; tell B. Did; tellC. Had; told D. Were; to tell15. It is time that parents _ more about their childrens mental health.A. can care B. careC. must care D. cared1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：你不必?fù)?dān)心我