賓語從句大全.doc

賓語從句 第一部分：賓語梗要賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任。當(dāng)然,也可以由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng),稱之為賓語從句；英語的及物動(dòng)詞后必須有賓語；除及物動(dòng)詞有賓語之外，英語介詞后面也要有賓語；某些形容詞如worth,careful等后也可有賓語；賓語有直接賓語和間接賓語之分。即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語，這兩個(gè)賓語統(tǒng)稱為雙賓語。 一 不同詞類作賓語1. 名詞作賓語She is playing the piano now.2. 代詞作賓語 We all like him. She doesnt know me.3. 數(shù)詞作賓語 Give me four.4. the+形容詞/v-ed/v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。 1) The young should respect the old . 2) They went to help the dying and the wounded. 3) They are searching for the lost . 二 非謂語類作賓語1不定式作賓語We all like to go to school. 注意: I dont know what to do next. 2動(dòng)名詞作賓語 The boss hates workers complaining.三 從句類作賓語 I thinkhe is right. Do you understand what I mean? I asked whether there are any chemists shops in this street. Give him whatever he needs. We can rely on whomever we can trust. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.四 兩種特殊帶賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)1一些形容詞可有賓語常用的情感形容詞有：sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry The book is worth reading.2介賓結(jié)構(gòu)Are they listening to the professor? Are they satisfied with us? He passed the exam by cheating.五it用作形式賓語（基本用法）I think it no need talking about it with them.He makes it a rule never to borrow money. Did you make it clear why she didnt come?I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. She wont like it if you arrive late. 六 雙賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可接兩個(gè)賓語（雙賓語），即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。1. 常用句型為 主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語。Give me a cup of tea, please. You dont need to show him how to do it. He has told me where they lives.2. 下面幾種情況，通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語： 1). 當(dāng)直接賓語是人稱代詞（itthem）時(shí)。如： The watch is Li Leis. Please give it to him.。 2). 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語時(shí)。如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 3). 當(dāng)間接賓語比直接賓語長(zhǎng)時(shí)。如： On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 4) 由to連接間接賓語的動(dòng)詞有：give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand, teach, offer, sell, promise, pass ,take等.5) 由for連接間接賓語的動(dòng)詞有： buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook, get 等 注意： I will ask him a question. I will ask a question of him. 七 同源賓語（Cognate Object）少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞能帶一個(gè)在詞根上與動(dòng)詞相同或相近意義的賓語，即同源賓語1. 能帶同源賓語的動(dòng)詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.I dreamed a terrible dream last night. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.He died a heroic death. 2. 同源賓語前面可帶形容詞作定語。這時(shí)，“動(dòng)詞+定語+同源賓語”的結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上相當(dāng)于“動(dòng)詞+與定語意義相同的狀語”。二者相比，前者語氣更強(qiáng)一些。 We slept a comfortable sleep last night. (= We slept comfortably last night.) Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday. （= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.） 注意：同源賓語前面通常帶有定語。 fight a good fight breathe a deep breath laugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile3. 同源賓語的修飾語是形容詞最高級(jí)或含有最高級(jí)意義時(shí)，該同源賓語?？梢允∪ァ?You should run your fastest（race）. The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning. 第二部分 賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。比較下面幾個(gè)句子I dont know the phone number.I dont know what his phone number is.I dont know if this is his phone number. 在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句詳解一賓語從句的分類:.1 作動(dòng)詞的賓語: I heard that he would come here later on. 2 作介詞的賓語: Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night. 3 作形容詞的賓語：I am sure I will pass the exam.二.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）的用法分三類：從屬連詞 that(陳述句),if,whether（是否），連接代詞who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.連接副詞 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.找出并翻譯下列句中的賓語從句1 He told me that he would go to the college the next year 2 I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 4 Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 5 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 6 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel（新的操作盤）? 8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（一） that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）只起連接作用，無詞意，通常第一個(gè)that 可省?？筛鷗hat從句做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.2在以下情況中that不能省略1）、當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 4）當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí) 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him5）當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí) That our team will win，I believe6）. that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)。如：What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽說)凱特考試及格了。3 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意：1)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 2)當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時(shí)，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?3）在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物動(dòng)詞及Im afraid等表達(dá)的后面，可用so,或not代替一個(gè)賓語從句，so 代替肯定句，not 代替否定句，該賓語從句通常是上文提到的一件事。 Are we late? -Im afraid so. -Do you think he will come? -No,I think not./I dont think so. 注: I dont think /believe/suppose/expect so.這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能用于動(dòng)詞guess和hope,guess和hope 只能用I hope/guess not.（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句whether和if通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般來說，后者比較正式，在口語中前者常用來代替后者。但兩者有時(shí)具有不同的暗示。用whether時(shí)，正反兩面的選擇意義較強(qiáng)，問話人并不在意回答是肯定還是否定；而用if時(shí)，則比較強(qiáng)調(diào)單方面，即正面，問話人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，還要注意從以下六個(gè)方面的高頻考點(diǎn)：一、whether和if都可以與or not連用； 但whether和or not寫在一起時(shí)，或在動(dòng)詞短語后，只能用whether，不能用if。如： I dont care whether (或if) it will rain or not I dontcarewhetherornotitwillrain.(不用if) I dontcareabout whetherornotitwillrain.(不用if)二、在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：1、表示“是否”時(shí)，兩詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。I dont know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能來.She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她問我是否有興趣為她工作。Well be told tomorrow whether we should take the exam or not.我們明天才知道是不是應(yīng)該參加考試.I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance. 我問他這些工作都是他自己做的還是別人幫他做的.I wonder if/whether you can examine him now( 注意: 在兩個(gè)供選擇的從句之間若用or字, 則須重復(fù)whether一字. )注:當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語從句并將其提前時(shí)只能用whether。如:Whether Ill have time to go with you I am not sure.我很難說我們是否有時(shí)間跟你們一起去。2、賓語從句移置句首時(shí)，用whether，不用if。Whether it is true or not， I cant say=I cant say whether/if it is true or not3、賓語從句為否定形式時(shí)，通常用if，而不用whether。I asked Tom if Marywouldnt come4、動(dòng)詞discuss，decide, consider等后習(xí)慣上也常用Whether引導(dǎo)從句，不用if。whether 和 if 的區(qū)別三、在下列情況下，只能用whether，不能用if。1、與不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whetherHe cant decide whether to accept or refuse2、在介詞后，只能用whether。Everything depends on whether he is readyI dontcareabout whetherornotitwillrain.3、在名詞后作同位語時(shí)，只能用whether。The question whether they ought to stop working was discussed among the workersI have no idea whether he is there4、引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，只能用whether。Whetherhe comes or not doesnt concern me5、引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，只能用whether。What Maria doesntknow is whether there will be enough snow6、當(dāng)whether和or not連用時(shí)，只用whether不用if。如:I dont know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回來。Ill be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一樣高興。注意：當(dāng)or not放在whether引導(dǎo)的從句句尾，則可以用if來替換。7、 當(dāng)whether和or 連用表示明確的選擇時(shí)，只用whether不用if。He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他問我是想乘火車還是坐公共汽車去那里。He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他開車去還是坐火車去, 猶豫不決注:whether 和or 連用還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,此時(shí)也不用if。如：Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我們能否找到所需的工具,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, were playing football on Saturday.無論下不下雨, 我們星期六一定踢足球.8、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna.問題是去慕尼黑還是去維也納.She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道。We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我們弄不清是今天走還是明天走.Im not sure whether to resign or stay on.我拿不準(zhǔn)主意是辭職還是留任.四、if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，譯作“如果”，whether可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，譯作“不管、無論”。If I were you，I would not buyWhether he agrees or not，I shall go thereWell go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我們能否找到所需的工具,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, were playing football on Saturday.無論下不下雨, 我們星期六一定踢足球.五、whether和if均可用來引導(dǎo)主語從句，但if引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于句首。Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他們是贏是輸於我都一樣.（此時(shí)whether不能換作if ）Its doubtful whether therell be any seats left.說不上還有沒有空座位了. (此句whether能換作if)六、表語從句、同位語從句用whether引導(dǎo)不用if.The doubt was whether you had broken the beautiful vase.疑問是你是否打壞了這只漂亮的花瓶。The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled.是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問題還未決定。（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 這樣的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。 連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么. Have you determined whether you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.四.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)： 1、 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2、 主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3、 當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 五 賓語從句中的語氣虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。1.Wish(表現(xiàn)在-過去時(shí)；表過去-過去完成時(shí)；表將來-would+do ) I wish I were a bird and could fly freely . I wish I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it wouldnt rain tomorrow . 2.在表示含有“愿望、建議、命令”等詞的各種從句中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用（should +do ） 一堅(jiān)持二命令三建議四要求 i-和-s雙重性Insist , order, command, advise, suggest , propose, demand, desire, request, require insist/suggestEg: The teacher suggested that he (should) read English aloud.He required that we (should) work all right.It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off next week.The suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off till next week surprised us a lot.The suggestion is that the meeting (should).注：suggest表“暗示”，表明之意時(shí)，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，硬要說”之意時(shí)，不用虛擬。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the front.六、 賓語從句的特殊式1. 復(fù)合連接代詞在賓語從句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此處是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I cant remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。2. it作形式賓語，從句作真正賓語。（1） 動(dòng)詞 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。that clause中謂語動(dòng)詞前可加should，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.（2） 動(dòng)詞+ it + as + 名詞 / 形容詞 + clause。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 動(dòng)詞+ it + 介詞 + thatclause。常見的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把歸功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把留給某人去做）， take it for granted + thatclause （想當(dāng)然）， keep it in mind + thatclause （記?。Ｈ纾篒 just took it for granted that hed always be around.You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他會(huì)及時(shí)趕到的。You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（盡管放心，我們會(huì)隨時(shí)幫你的。）Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.我將注意.Would you see to it that she gets home early?（你負(fù)責(zé)保證她早到家，好嗎？）He insisted on it that he was innocent.（他堅(jiān)持說自己是無辜的。）I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。）We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.（多虧了你才沒有發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故。）(4) 某些表示“喜怒哀樂”的動(dòng)詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, prefer, appreciate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句；或者當(dāng)它們后接if從句或when從句，通常應(yīng)先在動(dòng)詞后接it作形式賓語。I dont like it that hes so lazy.（我不喜歡他那么懶惰。）I dont like it when shop assistants follow me around. 我不喜歡店員跟在我后面.I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。He hates it when people talk with their mouths full.他討厭別人邊說話邊吃東西。Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好了。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 感激。(5. )用于 have it that(說，認(rèn)為)，take it that(認(rèn)為)等個(gè)別固定表達(dá)中。如：I take it (that) you agree. 我以為你同意了。Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident.據(jù)報(bào)道.注意：若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句的方法方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise