情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣.doc

揚中市第二高級中學高三英語備課組一輪復習語法教學案 姓名 使用時間 情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣Period One 情態(tài)動詞【考點一】情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 1shall(1)表示命令、許諾、警告、強制、威脅、決心等，一般用于第二、三人稱陳述句中。如:The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult. 學校制度規(guī)定，除非有家長陪伴，任何孩子不準離開學校。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那種事，我就不支持你。(2)用于征求對方的意見或指示，用在第一、三人稱的疑問句中。如:Has Mr Wang arrived? Yes, already. Shall he wait outside or just come in?王先生到了嗎？ 是的，已經(jīng)到了。他是進來，還是在外面等？2must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)，如：Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 嚴禁在辦公室吸煙。(2)表示“偏執(zhí)”“固執(zhí)” 如：Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?為什么在別人正學習的時候，你非得這么大聲說話呢？3Should (1)表示預測可能性，并意為“可能，(按道理)應該”。如：Its nearly 7 oclock. Jack should be here at the moment. 快7點了，杰克此刻應該在這兒了。(2)竟然，居然。 如：I am surprised that you should speak in such a way. 4would 與used towould 可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向，后面接表示動作的動詞，不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。used to表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。如：He would come to see us on Sundays. 過去他經(jīng)常星期天來看望我們。Our company used to do business with theirs. 過去我們公司和他們的公司常有業(yè)務往來。5can 和could 的用法 (1)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。如：How could you do such a silly thing?(2)cannot.too/enough 表示“無論也不過分”“越越好”。如：You cant be too careful while driving. 開車時越小心越好。6will與would(1)表示自愿做或主動提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would 用于過去的情況。如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he wont listen.我一再告訴他戒煙，但是他就是不聽。John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he never smoked ever since.約翰答應醫(yī)生不再吸煙了，并且從那時起他再也不吸煙了。(2)will 可以表示一種習慣性的動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他總是沿著小河散步。7may 與might(1)“may as well動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once. 你最好馬上就做這件事。We may as well stay where we are. 我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯。(2)may 作“可以”講時，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must 作“必須”講時，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car? No，you mustnt.Must I work out the problem tonight? No，you neednt.【經(jīng)典考題】1. I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay2When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we _ often go to the cinema together.Awould Bwill Cshall Dcould3For environmental reasons，we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.Ashould Bwould Cmight Dcould4Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No，it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now.Ashouldnt Bshant Cmustnt Dneednt【考點二】情態(tài)動詞表“推測”1can 用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測，意為“有時會”；用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，cant 意為“不可能”，語氣很強烈。如：Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.2may，might用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測，意為“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，may not 意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確定的語氣。如：The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行，她厭惡旅行。3must 表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can)。如：Hi，Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.4should 用來表示推測時意為“應該”，即含有“按道理來說應當如此”的意思。如：The public transport in Beijing is very convenient，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city. 現(xiàn)在北京的公共交通非常便利，所以在市區(qū)觀光不應該有什么困難?！窘?jīng)典考題】1. You _ have a wrong number, she said, Theres no one of that name here. Aneed Bcan Cmust Dwould2I think Ill give Bob a ring. You _.You havent been in touch with him for ages. Awill Bmay Chave to Dshould3When shall we hold the meeting? It _be better to put it off until next week. Amust Bcould Ccan Dwill【考點三】情態(tài)動詞+have done1can/could have done表示“本來可以做，而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done 多用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。如：She cant have left school，for her bike is still here. The accident could have been avoided.2may/might have done 表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might 所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”。如：I cant find my purse anywhere. You may have lost it while shopping.3must have done 表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定，想必”，語氣十分肯定。如：It must have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.4should/ought to have done 用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了。如：Im not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.You oughtnt to have been late for yesterday class meeting，as it was so important.5neednt have done 表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了。如：I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.【經(jīng)典考題】1. Her English composition is much too perfect. She _it herself，I bet. Amight have written Bcant have written Ccant write Dmust have written2Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday. Well，I_，but I had something important to do the moment. Ashould Bmust Cshould have Dmust have3Jack described his father，who _a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. Awould be Bwould have been Cmust be Dmust have been4I _have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt高考連接：1. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should2. If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not4. Some young people these days just . go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wont C. mightnt D. shouldnt5. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen6. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting . A. will B. must C. may D. can7. What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but .A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced8. Hows your new babysitter?We ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt9. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. can B. may C. must D. should10. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should11. Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall12. No one be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might13. If you go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will14. It be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt15. Why didnt Alex attend the party yesterday evening? He _not have wanted to see me.Ashould Bmight Ccould Dwould16. May I tell this to my close friend? No，you _.Never let anybody else know about it.Aneednt Bshouldnt Cmustnt Dcant17. Mum，I am feeling tired and sleepy now. You _so late last night.Acouldnt have stayed up Bmustnt have stayed upCshouldnt have stayed up Dneednt have stayed up18. Shopping online can save much time as you _go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers. Adont have to Boughtnt to Cwont Dmustnt19. Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh，really？It _difficult.Acant have been Bneednt have been Cmust be Dmightnt be20. Did you punish him for losing your digital camera? Yes，but I dont think I_.Ashould do that Bneed to have done soCought have done that Dshould have done so21. It _be really cold in November in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.Ashould Bwill Cmust Dcan22. The well-dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop. Strangely enough, she _have done such a thing. Awould Bmust Cshould Dmight23. Marys score on the test is the highest in her class. Really？She _have studied very hard. Amay Bought to Cmust Dshould24. When shall we meet your cousin at the station?His plane took off 2 hours ago，and it _reach at 5 pm.Ashould Bcould Cmust Dcan25. Dont play with the dog，Jack，for it _be dangerous at times.Ashall Bshould Ccan Dmust26. “Attention, please. Whoever can answer one of my questions _receive a prize,” the teacher said in class. Amight Bshall Cshould Dwould27. Where is Lucy? I cant say where she is, but she _have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.Acan Bshould Cmust Dmay28. Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party.He _.He is a man of his word. Acould have left Bmust have left Ccant come Dwont be coming29. Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player? If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation，you _have one as a reward. Amust Bneed Cwould DshallPeriod Two虛擬語氣一、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 (一) if 引導的條件狀語從句時態(tài)if條件從句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞用did(were)would /could/should /might +動詞原形與過去事實相反動詞用had done(had been)would /could/should /might(not) +have done與將來事實相反 動詞用did(were) were to do should dowould /could/should /might +動詞原形 如:1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 2. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4. If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.（二）：條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有had , were, should時, 可以省略if倒裝成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他，如：1. If I were you, I would try it again. _, I would try it again. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. _ there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. _ tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. 注意：在省略句型中，只有had done 的had 才能省略，實義動詞had 不能省。（三）錯綜時間條件句：假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。1. If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.3. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you _(know) what we are doing now. 4.If you _(take) my advice then, you _(現(xiàn)在就不會有麻煩了)5. _ her husband _(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.（四）：含蓄條件句：有時虛擬的條件不是通過條件句來表示，而是用一些詞或短語，如 without, but for, or , otherwise等，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no modern industry.2. Without your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.練一練：填入合適的動詞形式。1）Without air, there _no life on the earth. (be)2）He _ but for his teachers timely advice. (fail)3）He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he _an important meeting to attend. (have) 當堂訓練：用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. If you _ (speak) to him last time you saw him, you _ (know) what to do now.2. If I _ (have not ) so much work to do , I _ (not miss) the film last night.3. If you _ (hesitate) this moment, you_ (suffer) in future.4. If Mary _ (arrive) today, she must have started three days ago.5. If it _ (snow) last night, it _(be) very cold today.6. -Why didnt he come? -He _but she didnt have time. (come)7. She would put on weight but she _(not eat ) enough.單項填空1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 5. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 6. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 7. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 8. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 9. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 10. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 11. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today. A. If, didnt leave B. Had not, left C. Hadnt, left D. Didnt, leave12. If you _ smoke, please go outside because this is a non-smoking office.A. must B. shouldC. canD. may13. If Sanlu Group melamine to the milk, the babies too much from kidney stone. A. didnt add; would not suffered B. hadnt added; wouldnt have suffered C. hasnt added; wouldnt have suffered D. hadnt added; would have suffered14. If the printer_ break down under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense. A. may B. could C. might D. should15. I _ the poor rabbit, but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment. A. saved B. had saved C. could save D. could have saved16. But for your timely warning, we into great trouble. You know were friends. A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. couldnt have got17. - You promised to come to my dinner party last night but you didnt turn up. - I _, but something unexpected happened just before I left. A. would like to have B. should like to C. am going toD. like to18. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用1虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應用1). 在It is (was)+形容詞(necessary, important, best, right, impossible, strange, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent等)+that連接的主語從句中，主語從句的謂語用should+動詞原形表示虛擬，should可以省略。如：Its important that we（should）work out a plan. It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at onceIts strange that he should say so. Its right that you should think that way.2).在It is (was)+ 過去分詞(表示提議要求、命令等動詞的過去分詞，如suggested, settled, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等)+that連接的主語從句中，主語從句的謂語用should+動詞原形表示虛擬，should可以省略。如：It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lectureIt is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIt has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off注意：這種句型中的主語從句也可用陳述語氣，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上個星期對于這一方面做了明確的說明，這是很重要的。2. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用1).在表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動詞后的賓語從句，其謂語用should+動詞原形，should可以省略，來表示虛擬語氣。這些動詞有suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等。如：The doctor suggested that he not go there The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 2). wish的賓語的從句，表示愿望，常省去連詞that。表示現(xiàn)在的愿望（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）謂語動詞用did(were)表示將來的愿望（與將來事實相反）謂語動詞用“could（would，might）+動詞原形表示過去的愿望（與過去事實相反）用“had done”或“could（would，might）+have+done”如：I wish it were true I wish you would stay a little longer. I wish you had called yesterday We wish you had come to our New Years party.3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其賓語從句常用虛擬過去式。表示與現(xiàn)在和將來含義事實相反用動詞的過去式did/were表示過去事實相反過去完成式(had + 過去分詞)如：I would rather you came tomorrow. Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.3. 虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的應用出現(xiàn)名詞suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞一般使用虛擬語氣，用should +動詞原形或省略should。如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建議是我們應派幾個戰(zhàn)士去增援