寫作基礎(chǔ)導(dǎo)練1.doc

寫作基礎(chǔ)導(dǎo)練1：句子成分句子主要成分：主語謂語賓語 寫作離不開句子，要寫好英語的句子，首先要了解英語的句子由哪些成分構(gòu)成，能充當這些成分的各是什么詞。 句子的組成部分分為：主語：謂語、一賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補語，其中主語與謂語是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其它成分可根據(jù)具體的句子加以選擇。本單元復(fù)習(xí)句子的主要成分：主語、謂語和賓語。一、主語句子的主體，表示句子所說的是誰或是什么。練習(xí)請找出下列句子的主語并指出什么（詞、短語或句子）可以充當主語。1. The boy comes from America.2. He usually goes to school alone.3. Learning English is very important.4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5. That he won the prize excited everyone.6. It is important for us to. have our dreams.7. It is obvious that he was wrong.8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.歸納主語一般由名詞、，或者相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當（包括、還有）。另外，當句子的主語為、或時，主語部分太長，為使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語。二、謂語 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征；由動詞或動詞詞組充當；除了倒裝等特殊情況外，謂語總是位于主語的后面，即：主語謂語。 【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要一致。練習(xí) 請找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構(gòu)成：實義動詞、連系動詞表語、情態(tài)動詞動詞的原形還是助動詞動詞的適當形式？1. His parents are teachers.2. The sun rises in the east.3. We have finished reading the book.4.l You ought to work harder.5. I felt cold.6. He doesnt like music.三、賓語 表示動作的對象，一般由名詞、賓格代詞，或者相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當（包括不定式、動名詞還有賓語從句）。練習(xí)請找出下列句子的賓語并指出充當賓語的詞（名詞、賓格代詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式動名詞短語還是賓語從句？）1. He has never met her in person.2. She handed him a book.3. He likes to play basketball.4. We enjoy listening to music.5. She said that she felt sick.6. They sent the injured to hospital.7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer.8. We consider it no good getting up late.9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.注意：當句子的賓語為_ 或時，常用形式賓語it，以保持句子的平衡。綜合練習(xí)分析下列句子，請找出其中的主語（下劃單橫線）、謂語（下劃雙橫線）和賓語（下劃波浪線）。1. The boy comes from America.2. He found it no use trying to persuade her.3. To be a teacher is my dream.4. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5. Many changes took place in my home town.6. Id like to swim this afternoon.7. It is a pity that he missed the film.8. He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9. She understood what he said finally.10. He told me that the lecture was a failure.11. The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.12. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.一、1. The boy，名詞 2. He，代詞 3. Learning English，動名詞短語 4. To teach him a lesson，不定式短語 5. That he won the prize，主語從句 6. it形式主語to have our dreams不定式短語作真正主語 7. it形式主語，that he was wrong主語從句作真正主語 8. it形式主語，crying over spilt milk動名詞短語作真正主語 歸納：主格代詞（1, she等）；不定式、動名詞、主語從句，動名詞短語、不定式短語、主語從句二、1. are teachers，系動詞表語 2. rises,實義動詞 3. have finished，助動詞動詞的過去分詞 4. ought to work，情態(tài)動詞十動詞的原形 5. felt cold，連系動詞表語 6. doesnt like，助動詞動詞的原形三、1. her，賓格代詞 2. him，賓格代詞作間接賓語，a book名詞作直接賓語 3. to play basketball，不定式短語 4. listening to music，動名詞短語 5. that she felt sick，賓語從句 6. the injured，名詞化的形容詞 7. it形式賓語，to believe her any longer. 不定式短語作真正賓語8. it形式賓語，getting up late動名詞短語作真正賓語9. it形式賓語，that he should have done that. 賓語從句作真正賓語 注意：不定式短語、動名詞短語、賓語從句綜合練習(xí)1. The boy comes from America.2. He found it no use trying to persuade her.3. To be a teacher is my dream.d. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.5. Many changes took place in my home town.6. Id like to swim this afternoon.7. It is 7M pity that he missed the film.8. He supposed it improper to ask for leave.9. She understood what he said finally.10. What he told me was that