2019年高考英語改錯(cuò)解題技巧及習(xí)題(含答案).doc

高考英語：改錯(cuò)題解題技巧一、 命題特點(diǎn)短文改錯(cuò)的語言材料通常是考生的文章或類似于考生習(xí)作的文章。所選材料篇幅較短，約100個(gè)單詞，10-12個(gè)句子；難度不大，基本上無生僻的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤類型有多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞三種，在文章的10個(gè)錯(cuò)誤中，其比例一般為1:1:8，即1個(gè)多詞、1個(gè)缺詞和8個(gè)錯(cuò)詞。二、 設(shè)題特點(diǎn)短文改錯(cuò)的設(shè)題通常從三個(gè)方面入手：詞法錯(cuò)誤、句法錯(cuò)誤和行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤。1. 詞法錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤類型通常有以下幾種：冠詞使用不當(dāng)，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤，形容詞與副詞的混用，代詞的誤用，介詞的誤用等。（1）冠詞使用不當(dāng)。不定冠詞a和an混用，不定冠詞a和an和定冠詞the混用，不定冠詞多余或缺失。習(xí)題： 1.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 2. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. （2）名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤。 錯(cuò)誤類型：復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)用成了單數(shù)，單數(shù)錯(cuò)用成了復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞用了復(fù)數(shù)形式。習(xí)題：Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.（3）形容詞、副詞。主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用以及其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的誤用等。 習(xí)題：My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. （4）代詞的誤用：考查各類代詞的用法，錯(cuò)題類型涉及多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞三種。 習(xí)題： Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. （5）介詞的誤用：此類改錯(cuò)題主要考查介詞的意義、用法及固定搭配。涉及動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，其后直接接賓語，不需要介詞，如果其后有介詞，那這個(gè)介詞就是多余的；而不及物動(dòng)詞不可以直接接賓語，如果接賓語需借助恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如果缺少了這個(gè)介詞，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。及物動(dòng)詞：see, watch, eat, drink, do, take, beat, buy, cut, carry, drive, fry, give, hit, kick, lend, make, open, read, study, try, use, wash不及物動(dòng)詞：look ,wait, cry, smile, laugh, go, come習(xí)題：My soccer coach retired in last week. 2. 句法錯(cuò)誤 句法錯(cuò)誤的主要類型是：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤；非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤；主謂一致錯(cuò)誤；名詞性從句中連詞的誤用；定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用等。這類錯(cuò)誤通常與句子成分的分析緊密相關(guān)，所以難度較大。 （1）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。近幾年主要考點(diǎn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的混用。一般來說，短文改錯(cuò)中必有一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 習(xí)題：Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.（2）非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 該錯(cuò)誤類型主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)to贅余或殘缺，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的混用等。習(xí)題：Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.（3）主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤類型主要是：主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，而謂語使用了單數(shù)形式；或者是主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語使用了復(fù)數(shù)形式。習(xí)題：He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.（4）主從句連詞誤用。a.狀語從句類別 連詞地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,wherever時(shí)間狀語從句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as,soon as,etc.原因狀語從句because, since, as, for, now that, etc.目的狀語從句in order that, so that, that, etc.結(jié)果狀語從句sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc.條件狀語從句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.讓步狀語從句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc.比較狀語從句asas, soas, than, etc.方式狀語從句as, as if, as though, etc.b. 定語從句的連詞：關(guān)系代詞：that, which, whose, who(m)關(guān)系副詞：when, where, whyc.名詞性從句的連詞：從屬連詞：that, whether, if連接代詞：what, who(m), which, whose, who(m)ever, wherever, whichever連接副詞： when, where, why, how習(xí)題：1.The question is what they have signed the contract. 2. He failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 3. This is the best movie which I have watched this years. 4. This is a book which cover is green.3. 行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤改錯(cuò)的過程中，如果詞法和句法均沒有錯(cuò)誤，則須從行文邏輯來判斷句子的合理性。行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤常見的有代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤，連詞的邏輯意義錯(cuò)誤等。（1）代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤。帶刺的指代錯(cuò)誤常見的是代詞的指代對(duì)象、單復(fù)數(shù)及代詞的格與文章的邏輯意義不一致，此外還有反身代詞的錯(cuò)用。習(xí)題：Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, wed greet her at the door.（2）連詞的邏輯意義錯(cuò)誤。習(xí)題：In fact, I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.改錯(cuò)練習(xí)：一、單句改錯(cuò)1.Now people get a lot of informations from TV.2.German is a European country.3.They didnt want me to do any work at family.4.Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.5.Boys and girls, dont lose hearts. Do better next time.6.They are of different size.7.It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.8.What a terrible weather we have been having! 9.It took place in France, an European country.10.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.11.What good time we had last night!12.We shall spend three-day holiday together.13.I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.14.Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.15.When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.16.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.17.Its important that we should think over before doing anything.18.The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldnt control.19.I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.20.We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.Test one:As we all know, travelling can be an excited experience. Let me give you some advices that you have to pay attention. You can find out more about your destination by surf the Internet before you set out. You neednt take too many cash. Since it can be very convenient to pay in cash, using cheques is much more reliable. In additional, it will be wise of you to take an umbrella in case of it should rain. And if you are to travel abroad, youd better understand the cultural diversity. Keep it in mind that being politely in foreign countries can help you had a wonderful trip.Test two:My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. Test three:Failure is part of our life. Somebody has ever achieved great success without lots of failures. One experience left lasting impression on me. Ive been fond of playing the piano since my childhood. Last year there was a piano competition for teenager in my city and I take part in it. I couldnt wait to show off. The day finally came. However, when I was on the stage I was very nervous that I made several mistakes while playing. My performance was a completely failure!It was only after the competition when I realized my failure resulted in my lack of practice. From then on, I devoted more time to play the piano because I firmly believe that practice make perfect.Test Four:Im glad to hear from you. Now Ill tell you something about my after-school activities.We had many interest groups, such as English, maths, computer, science, singing or dancing. We also have a band and some sports team. Students can be members of any group according their interest. Every day, we enjoy ourselves by taking a part in all kinds of after-school activities. The most popular ones is ball games and the English corner. More and more students keep come to the English corner because they find of great help to their English study.Im looking forward to receiving your letter sooner.Test Five:In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.單句改錯(cuò)：1-5 informations-information; German-Germany; family-home; father-fathers; hearts-heart; 6-10 size-sizes; a place; 刪除a; an-a; 刪除a 11-15 a good time; a three-day; that后加it; think后加it; them-it; 16-20 showed后加it; think后加it; control后加it; me-myself; us-ourse