數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對(duì)策課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文翻譯

中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 系 別： 工程技術(shù)系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 孫明 學(xué) 號(hào)： 05211519 2015年 3月 11日 數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對(duì)策 裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度，數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備。馬克思曾經(jīng)說過“各種經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的區(qū)別，不在于生產(chǎn)什么，而在于怎樣生產(chǎn)，用什么勞動(dòng)資料生產(chǎn)”。制造技術(shù)和裝備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當(dāng)今先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和裝備最為核心的技術(shù)。當(dāng)今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，以提高制造能力和水平，提高對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)多變市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力。此外，世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在“高精尖”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對(duì)我國實(shí)行封鎖和限制 政策?？傊?，大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達(dá)國家加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的途徑。 數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對(duì)機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)和工作過程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域： (1)機(jī)械制造技術(shù)； (2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)；(3)自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)； (4)伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)； (5)傳感器技術(shù)； (6)軟件技術(shù)等。 1 數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來了革命性的變化 ，使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，他對(duì)國計(jì)民生的一些重要行業(yè)（ IT、汽車、輕工、醫(yī)療等）的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用，因?yàn)檫@些行業(yè)所需裝備的數(shù)字化已是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展的大趨勢。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢來看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個(gè)方面 1 4。 1.1 高速、高精加工技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢 效率、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場競爭能力。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會(huì)將其列為 5大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù) 之一，國際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會(huì)（ CIRP）將其確定為 21 世紀(jì)的中心研究方向之一。 在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn) 30 萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是 40 秒 /輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對(duì)這些筋、壁進(jìn)行加工。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料“掏空”的方法來制造機(jī)翼、機(jī)身等大型零件來替代多個(gè)零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯(lián)結(jié)方式拼裝，使構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。這些都對(duì)加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高 柔性的要求。 從 EMO2001 展會(huì)情況來看，高速加工中心進(jìn)給速度可達(dá) 80m/min，甚至更高，空運(yùn)行速度可達(dá) 100m/min 左右。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機(jī)床。美國 CINCINNATI 公司的 HyperMach 機(jī)床進(jìn)給速度最大達(dá) 60m/min，快速為 100m/min，加速度達(dá) 2g，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已達(dá) 60 000r/min。加工一個(gè)薄壁飛機(jī)零件，只用 30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需 3h，在普通銑床加工需 8h；德國 DMG 公司的雙 主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達(dá) 120000r/mm 和 1g。 在加工精度方面，近 10 年來，普通級(jí)數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度已由 10 m 提高到 5 m，精密級(jí)加工中心則從 3 5 m，提高到 1 1.5 m，并且超精密加工精度已開始進(jìn)入納米級(jí) (0.01 m)。 在可靠性方面，國外數(shù)控裝置的 MTBF 值已達(dá) 6 000h 以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的 MTBF 值達(dá)到30000h 以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性。 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)高速、高精加工，與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線電機(jī)得到了快速的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。 1.2 五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床快速發(fā)展 采用 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)對(duì)三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進(jìn)行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般認(rèn)為， 1 臺(tái) 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的效率可以等于 2 臺(tái) 3 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床，特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進(jìn)行高速銑削淬硬鋼零件時(shí)， 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工可比 3 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工發(fā)揮更高的效益。但過去因 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價(jià)格要比3 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的發(fā)展。 當(dāng)前由于電主軸的出現(xiàn)，使得實(shí)現(xiàn) 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工的復(fù)合主軸頭結(jié)構(gòu)大為 簡化，其制造難度和成本大幅度降低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的價(jià)格差距縮小。因此促進(jìn)了復(fù)合主軸頭類型 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床（含 5 面加工機(jī)床）的發(fā)展。 在 EMO2001 展會(huì)上，新日本工機(jī)的 5 面加工機(jī)床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實(shí)現(xiàn) 4 個(gè)垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得 5 面加工和 5 軸加工可在同一臺(tái)機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。德國 DMG 公司展出 DMUVoution 系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下實(shí)現(xiàn)5 面加工和 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工，可由 CNC 系統(tǒng)控制或 CAD/CAM 直接或間接控制。 1.3 智能化、開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為當(dāng)代數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 發(fā)展的主要趨勢 21 世紀(jì)的數(shù)控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統(tǒng)，智能化的內(nèi)容包括在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中的各個(gè)方面：為追求加工效率和加工質(zhì)量方面的智能化，如加工過程的自適應(yīng)控制，工藝參數(shù)自動(dòng)生成；為提高驅(qū)動(dòng)性能及使用連接方便的智能化，如前饋控制、電機(jī)參數(shù)的自適應(yīng)運(yùn)算、自動(dòng)識(shí)別負(fù)載自動(dòng)選定模型、自整定等；簡化編程、簡化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自動(dòng)編程、智能化的人機(jī)界面等；還有智能診斷、智能監(jiān)控方面的內(nèi)容、方便系統(tǒng)的診斷及維修等。 為解決傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)封閉性和數(shù)控應(yīng)用軟件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)存在的問題。目前許多國 家對(duì) 開 放 式 數(shù) 控 系 統(tǒng) 進(jìn) 行 研 究 ， 如 美 國 的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control) 、 歐 共 體 的OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的 OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller) ， 中 國 的ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化已經(jīng)成為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的未來之路。所謂 開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)行平臺(tái)上，面向機(jī)床廠家和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實(shí)現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個(gè)性的名牌產(chǎn)品。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運(yùn)行平臺(tái)、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當(dāng)前研究的核心。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是近兩年國際著名機(jī)床博覽會(huì)的一個(gè)新亮點(diǎn)。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對(duì)信息集成的需 求，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。國內(nèi)外一些著名數(shù)控機(jī)床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關(guān)的新概念和樣機(jī)，如在 EMO2001 展中，日本山崎馬扎克（ Mazes)公司展出的“ CyberProduction Center”（智能生產(chǎn)控制中心，簡稱 CPC)；日本大隈（ Okuma）機(jī)床公司展出“ IT plaza”（信息技術(shù)廣場，簡稱 IT 廣場 )；德國西門子 (Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment（開放制造環(huán)境，簡稱 OME）等，反映了數(shù)控 機(jī)床加工向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展的趨勢。 1.4 重視新技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范的建立 1.4.1 關(guān)于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)規(guī)范 如前所述，開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)有更好的通用性、柔性、適應(yīng)性、擴(kuò)展性，美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計(jì)劃，并進(jìn)行開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)規(guī)范 (OMAC、 OSACA、 OSEC)的研究和制定，世界 3 個(gè)最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體在短期內(nèi)進(jìn)行了幾乎相同的科學(xué)計(jì)劃和規(guī)范的制定，預(yù)示了數(shù)控技術(shù)的一個(gè)新的變革時(shí)期的來臨。我國在 2000 年也開始進(jìn)行中國的 ONC 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。 1.4.2 關(guān)于數(shù)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 數(shù)控 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的一種趨勢。數(shù)控技術(shù)誕生后的 50 年間的信息交換都是基于ISO6983 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即采用 G， M 代碼描述如何（ how）加工，其本質(zhì)特征是面向加工過程，顯然，他已越來越不能滿足現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的需要。為此，國際上正在研究和制定一種新的CNC 系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ISO14649（ STEP NC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統(tǒng)的中性機(jī)制，能夠描述產(chǎn)品整個(gè)生命周期內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)模型，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)制造過程，乃至各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)品信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 STEP-NC 的出現(xiàn)可能是數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一次革命，對(duì)于數(shù)控技術(shù) 的發(fā)展乃至整個(gè)制造業(yè)，將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。首先， STEP-NC 提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中， NC加工程序都集中在單個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)上。而在新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下， NC 程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，這正是數(shù)控技術(shù)開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展的方向。其次， STEP-NC 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)還可大大減少加工圖紙（約75）、加工程序編制時(shí)間（約 35）和加工時(shí)間（約 50）。 目前，歐美國家非常重視 STEP-NC的研究，歐洲發(fā)起了 STEP-NC的 IMS計(jì)劃 (1999.1.12001.12.31)。參加這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的有來自歐洲和日本的 20 個(gè) CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC 用戶、廠商和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。美國的 STEP Tools 公司是全球范圍內(nèi)制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)交換軟件的開發(fā)者，他已經(jīng)開發(fā)了用作數(shù)控機(jī)床加工信息交換的超級(jí)模型 (Super Model)，其目標(biāo)是用統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。目前這種新的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式已經(jīng)在配備了 SIEMENS、 FIDIA 以及歐洲 OSACA-NC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原型樣機(jī)上進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。 我國數(shù)控技術(shù)起步于 1958 年，近 50 年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為 3 個(gè)階段：第一階段從1958 年到 1979 年，即封閉式發(fā)展階段。在此階段，由于國外的技術(shù)封鎖和 我國的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。第二階段是在國家的“六五”、“七五”期間以及“八五”的前期，即引進(jìn)技術(shù)，消化吸收，初步建立起國產(chǎn)化體系階段。在此階段，由于改革開放和國家的重視，以及研究開發(fā)環(huán)境和國際環(huán)境的改善，我國數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究、開發(fā)以及在產(chǎn)品的國產(chǎn)化方面都取得了長足的進(jìn)步。第三階段是在國家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期間，即實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究，進(jìn)入市場競爭階段。在此階段，我國國產(chǎn)數(shù)控裝備的產(chǎn)業(yè)化取得了實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)步。在“九五”末期，國產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床的國內(nèi)市場占有率達(dá) 50，配國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)（普及型）也達(dá)到 了 10。 縱觀我國數(shù)控技術(shù)近 50 年的發(fā)展歷程，特別是經(jīng)過 4 個(gè) 5 年計(jì)劃的攻關(guān)，總體來看取得了以下成績。 a. 奠定了數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，基本掌握了現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)。我國現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)、數(shù)控主機(jī)、專機(jī)及其配套件的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，其中大部分技術(shù)已具備進(jìn)行商品化開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，部分技術(shù)已商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。 b. 初步形成了數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。在攻關(guān)成果和部分技術(shù)商品化的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了諸如華中數(shù)控、航天數(shù)控等具有批量生產(chǎn)能力的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)廠。蘭州電機(jī)廠、華中數(shù)控等一批伺服系統(tǒng)和伺服電機(jī) 生產(chǎn)廠以及北京第一機(jī)床廠、濟(jì)南第一機(jī)床廠等若干數(shù)控主機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠。這些生產(chǎn)廠基本形成了我國的數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。 c. 建立了一支數(shù)控研究、開發(fā)、管理人才的基本隊(duì)伍。 雖然在數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面取得了長足的進(jìn)步，但我們也要清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到，我國高端數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)，尤其是在產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面的技術(shù)水平現(xiàn)狀與我國的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求還有較大的差距。雖然從縱向看我國的發(fā)展速度很快，但橫向比（與國外對(duì)比）不僅技術(shù)水平有差距，在某些方面發(fā)展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的數(shù)控裝備的技術(shù)水平差距有擴(kuò)大趨勢。 從國際上來看，對(duì)我國數(shù)控技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平估計(jì)大致如下。 （ a） 技術(shù)水平上，與國外先進(jìn)水平大約落后 10 15 年，在高精尖技術(shù)方面則更大。 （ b） . 產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平上，市場占有率低，品種覆蓋率小，還沒有形成規(guī)模生產(chǎn)；功能部件專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)水平及成套能力較低；外觀質(zhì)量相對(duì)差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；國產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)尚未建立自己的品牌效應(yīng)，用戶信心不足。 （ c） . 可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力上，對(duì)競爭前數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)、工程化能力較弱；數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域拓展力度不強(qiáng)；相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的研究、制定滯后。 分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下幾個(gè)方面。 （ 1） . 認(rèn)識(shí)方面。對(duì)國產(chǎn)數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)程艱巨性、復(fù)雜性和長期性的特點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)不足；對(duì)市場的不規(guī)范、國外的封鎖加扼殺、體制等困難估計(jì)不足；對(duì)我國數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用水平及能力分析不夠。 （ 2） . 體系方面。從技術(shù)的角度關(guān)注數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題的時(shí)候多，從系統(tǒng)的、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度綜合考慮數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題的時(shí)候少；沒有建立完整的高質(zhì)量的配套體系、完善的培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等支撐體系。 （ 3） . 機(jī)制方面。不良機(jī)制造成人才流失，又制約了技術(shù)及技術(shù)路線創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，且制約 了規(guī)劃的有效實(shí)施，往往規(guī)劃理想，實(shí)施困難。 參考文獻(xiàn) 1. 盧秉恒 .機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .1999 2. 全國數(shù)控培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)天津分中心 .數(shù)控機(jī)床 M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .1998 3. 劉書華 .數(shù)控機(jī)床與編程 M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .2001 4. 李峻勤等 .數(shù)控機(jī)床及其使用與維修 M.北京 :國防工業(yè)出版社 .2000 5. 顧崇銜 .機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué) M.第三版 .西安 :陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 .1990 6. 龐懷玉 .機(jī)械制造工程學(xué) M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .1998 7. 劉鳳棣 ,孫魯 .機(jī)械加工技術(shù)問題處理集錦 M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .1995 8. 馬振福 .機(jī)械制造技術(shù) M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .2005 9. 韓秋實(shí) .機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) M.北京 :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 .2005 10. EDWARD G.HOFFMAN Jig and Fixture DesignJ. New York: Published by Van Nostrand Reinhdd Company A Division of Litton Educational Publishing Inc.1980 Numerical control technology and equipment tre-nds and countermeasures Equipment, technology and modern industry determines the level of thewhole national economy and the degree of modernization, the development of numerical control technology and equipment is high-tech industry and cutting-edge emerging industries (such as information technologyand industry, biotechnology and industry, aviation and aerospace national defense industry) enabling technology and the most basic equipment. Marx once said the difference between different economic era, isnot what is produced, but rather how to produce, with the means of labor. Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic ofhuman activities of production, and numerical control technology is todays most advanced manufacturing technology and equipment, the coretechnology. Widely used in manufacturing countries in the world of CNC technology to increase manufacturing capacity and level, to improve the dynamic ability to adapt to changing markets and competitiveness. In addition, the industrial countries in the world and CNC numerical control technology and equipment will also be listed as countriesof strategic materials, not only to take significant steps to develop their own numerical control technology and industry, and in sophisticated numerical control technology and equipment in terms of key Chinas policy of closures and restrictions. In short, efforts to develop advanced numerical control technology as the core manufacturing technology has become the worlds developed countries to accelerate economic development, enhance the comprehensive national strength and an important way to statehood. CNC technology is the use of digital information on the mechanical movement and work process control, CNC equipment, CNC technology is represented by the new technology on the traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing mechatronic products, the so-called digital equipment , covering many areasof the technology: (1) mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automaticcontrol technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology. 1 CNC technology trends CNC technology not only to the traditional manufacturing industry hasbrought revolutionary changes to the manufacturing sector as a symbol of industrialization, and with the continuous development of numerical control technology and expansion of applicationfields, some of the important sectors (IT, automotive , light industry, medical, etc.) plays an increasingly important role in development, as these industries for the digital equipment is the major trend of modern development. CNC technology from the world development trend and its equipment,its main research focus in the following areas (1 to 4). 1.1 high-speed, high precision technology and equipment of the new trend Efficiency, quality is the subject of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high precision technology can greatly improve efficiency,improve product quality and grade, shorten the production cycle andimprove market competitiveness. Japan carries the technology will beincluded as one of five great modern manufacturing technologies, International Institute of Production Engineering (CIRP) to determine thecenter of the 21st century research direction. In the car industry, with an annual production of 300,000 beat is 40 seconds / vehicle and car equipment variety processing is one of the key must be addressed; in the aviation and aerospace industry, and its processing for the thin-walled parts and more and thin muscle, stiffness is poor, the material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, high cutting speed and cutting force only in the case of a small canof these bars, wall processing. Recently, the whole aluminum alloy with large blank hollowed out approach to make wings, fuselage andother large part to replace multiple parts through a large number of rivets, screws and other assembly connection means, so that component strength, rigidity and dependability increased. These are made ofprocessing equipment, high speed, high precision and high flexibility. Judging from the EMO2001 exhibition, high-speed machining center feed rate of up to 80m/min, or even higher, and air speed of up to 100m/min so. Currently many of the world automobile plant, including Shanghai General Motors, have adopted high-speed machining center part ofthe production line of machine tool alternatives. CINCINNATI HyperMach U.S. companys largest machine tool feed speed up to 60m/min, quick to 100m/min, acceleration up to 2g, spindle speed has reached 60 000r/min. Aircraft parts machining a thin-walled, only 30min, and thesame high-speed milling machine parts in general need to 3h, in the ordinary milling machine to be 8h; German DMGs dual-spindle lathespindle speed and acceleration respectively 120000r/mm and 1g. In the processing accuracy, the past 10 years, the general level ofprecision CNC machine tools increased from 10m to 5m, precision machining center from the 3 5m, increased to 1 1.5m, andultra-precision machining has begun to enter the nano-scale precision(0.01m). In terms of reliability, MTBF values abroad reached the numerical control device more than 6 000h, the servo system MTBF value reached more than 30000h, showing very high reliability. In order to achieve high-speed, high precision, a complete set of features such as spindle, linear motor has been the rapid development of application has been further expanded. 1.2 The five-axis machining and rapid development of machine tool 5-axis machining of three-dimensional surface, the best available toolfor cutting geometry, not only finish high, but efficiency is greatly improved. Generally believed that 1 5-axis machine tool efficiencycan be equal to 2 sets 3 axis machine tools, particularly the useof cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling of hardened steel cutter part, the 5-axis machining 3-axis thanplay a more effective process. But in the past due to 5-axis CNCsystem, the host structure of complex reasons, the price than the 3-axis NC machine tool several times higher, in addition to programming more difficult, limiting the development of 5-axis machine tools. The current emergence of the spindle, making the realization of the complex 5-axis simultaneous machining spindle head structure simplified,the manufacturing difficulty and costs significantly reduced, narrowing the gap between the price of CNC system. So for the first type of complex 5-axis spindle machine tools and machine tool (including 5-face machining) development. In EMO2001 exhibition, new work in Japan 5-sided machining machine tool spindle with composite head, can achieve four vertical plane of the processing and the processing of any angle, making the 5-sided machining and 5 axis machining can be implemented on the same machine,but can be achieved and the inverted cone inclined plane processing. German DMG Company exhibits DMUVoution series of machining centers,can be achieved in a fixture under the 5-sided machining and 5 axis machining, CNC control system or by the CAD / CAM controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 intelligent, open, network development as the major contemporary trends in numerical control system 21 numerical control equipment will be sure the intelligent system, intelligent content included in all aspects of the numerical control system: the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality ofintelligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; to improve the performance and the use ofintelligent and convenient connection, such as feedforward control, adaptive computing motor parameters, automatic identification of load select models, self-tuning, etc.; simplify programming, simplifying operational aspects of intelligence, such as smart of automatic programming,intelligent man-machine interfaces; also intelligent diagnosis, intelligent control aspects, to facilitate system diagnostics and maintenance. In order to solve the traditional CNC system and CNC applications closed the industrial production problems. Many countries now open CNC system of research, such as the United States NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), the EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), China, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. Open CNC system has become a numerical control system ofthe future of the road. The so-called open-CNC system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platformfor machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting out the structure object (NC function) to form a series, and easily the users special applications and technical know-how intothe control system, rapid implementation of different varieties, different grades of open CNC system, the formation of a distinct brand personality. The open numerical control system architecture specification, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platform, function libraries and CNC numerical control system softwaredevelopment tools, system function is the core of the current study. Network numerical control equipment is well-known international machinetool fair the past two years, a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems,manufacturing information integration needs of enterprises, but also achieve new manufacturing model, such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing the base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad, and CNC CNC machine tools manufacturing companies haveintroduced in recent years related to new concepts and prototype, as in EMO2001 exhibition, Japan Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) that the company exhibits CyberProduction Center (intelligent production control center, referred to as CPC); Japan Okuma (Okuma) Machine Company exhibited IT plaza (Information Technology Square, referred to as IT Plaza); Germanys Siemens (Siemens) that the company exhibits Open Manufacturing Environment (open manufacturing environment, referred to as OME), etc. , reflecting the CNC machining direction of the network trend.1.4 The emphasis on new technology standards, the establishment of norms 1.4.1 Specifications on the design and development of numerical control system As mentioned earlier, open CNC system has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, the United States, the European Community and Japan have to implement the strategic development plan, andthe open architecture CNC system specification (OMAC , OSACA, OSEC)research and development, the worlds three largest economies in theshort term were almost the same as the scientific formulation of plans and specifications, indicating the numerical control technology toa new period of change to come. China also started in 2000, CNC Chinas regulatory framework ONC research and development. 1.4.2 on the NC Standard NC standard is the development of manufacturing information of a trend. CNC technology 50 years after the birth of the exchange of information is based on ISO6983 standards, which adopts the G, M code describes how (how) processing, the essential characteristics of process-oriented, obviously, he can not meet mo