胡敏指導(dǎo)寫作.doc

胡敏寫作經(jīng)典范文20篇及其指導(dǎo)一、寫作課的學(xué)習(xí)方法：八字方針：背誦-精彩詞匯；精彩句型；文章精彩句子；萬能框架；經(jīng)典范文默寫-用紅筆更正對照原因互譯描紅三個階段：牢記；效仿；持之以恒二、考生寫作困境及對策1、滔滔不絕意識流：英語作文最多分三段，最多四段中文情感分段：讀者領(lǐng)會英語邏輯分段：作者交待猴子原則-提綱原則量化：200個字 12-15句話2、無話可說真難受3、真情流露沒必要（只需要相關(guān)）考作文是制造一個機(jī)會展示書面表達(dá)英語的能力，應(yīng)該把構(gòu)思的時間降低到最低限度。4、英語表達(dá)憋得慌達(dá)到12分：安全第一：句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法簡單原則：詞匯達(dá)到17分：詞匯多變：多使用同義詞、近義詞句子結(jié)構(gòu)多變：一定要有復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)樹干：謂語部分，核心部分刺眼錯誤：a、主謂一致性問題b、動詞時態(tài)c、定冠詞和不定冠詞d、名詞單復(fù)數(shù) e、介詞、副詞搭配f、拼寫錯誤樹枝 綠葉（從以上三個層次用心體會范文每一個句子）5、處于被動危害大三、十大段落：1、現(xiàn)狀2、解釋性段落（必練習(xí)，參看97看四六級考題）3、描述性段落（圖表和圖畫）（1-3開頭段落）4、原因列舉（主體段落）5、舉例（2001年考題，參看97看四六級考題）6、意圖分析7、利弊（自己總結(jié)）8、結(jié)尾（自己總結(jié)）（6-8中間段落）9、建議措施10、預(yù)測未來（目前沒考過）四、經(jīng)典預(yù)測20篇！92年是第一個經(jīng)典篇！99年是第二個經(jīng)典篇！2000年是第三個經(jīng)典篇！2001年是第四個經(jīng)典篇?。▓鼍?提綱+圖畫）問：如何使作文的時態(tài)簡單化，以最大程度地避免錯誤？ 參加國際上的任何一場考試，只要是寫英語作文，主體上應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；只有當(dāng)你提到具體的、過去的、某一事件段發(fā)生的具體的某一件事情作為例證時，可以一般過去時。中心時態(tài)是簡單的一般現(xiàn)在時。 圖畫作文以下四篇背誦文章解決該類題型： 第一：對圖畫進(jìn)行描述：第二：透過畫面點(diǎn)出圖畫的寓意；第三：發(fā)表議論、提出問題方法和建議。 P102 Exercise 7 （背誦1）As is shown in the pictures, (/From the pictures, we can see clear that) with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with many fishing-boats. The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decline of ocean resources. Owing to overfishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped. If we let this situation go(/continue) as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future. P25 范文十(重點(diǎn)) Directions:沙進(jìn)我退，我進(jìn)沙退 A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET . C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1. Describe the cartoon（對圖畫進(jìn)行描述） and the message conveyed（透過畫面點(diǎn)出圖畫的寓意） 2. Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon.（發(fā)表議論、提出問題方法和建議）（背誦2）From the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they cut down all the trees. The caption reads(/words read): As the sand advances, we retreat. In the second picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: As we advance, the sand retreats. It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation, and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of desertification. In fact, what he is saying is if we do not fight against the sandhills, the sandhiills will drive us away from the land. (/In fact, what he is saying is that the sandhills will drive us away from the land if we do not fight against them.) If we let this situation go as it is, our environment will suffer a great destruction. The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture.(若圖畫給出解決方案，需要在寫作中體現(xiàn)出來） There the local people are actively setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim(改造) the land and make it(代詞的使用) fertile. The fact that（同位語）there are three people in the picture each with a different job(邏輯獨(dú)立主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語表示動態(tài)概念), suggest that(事實(shí)說明)working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.(措施、建議) 評注二：Today, the earths deserts are spreading and getting larger and desertification is a serious problem facing the world. The major reason for this is irresponsible cutting down of trees. As is shown in the first cartoon, when people cut down trees desert forces on and becomes irrepressible. People cut down trees for various reasons but they may forget that trees play a vital part in water and soil conservation. Trees can preserve moisture and fertility in the soil, protect soil against erosion and prevent fertile land from becoming desert. Therefore when people cut down all of the trees, the earth lies bare and dry in the hot sun, and desert is inevitable. Desertification can lead to many other serious problems which may threaten the existence of human beings, such as a reduction of arable land, terrible droughts and famine. In order to prevent desertification, people have to plant trees, as the second cartoon shows. The time when people plant trees is the time when desert retreats. People should not cut down trees any more, as is done in the first cartoon, but rather, they should plant more trees, and only in this way can desertification be finally defeated. P28 范文八 隱形殺手 Directions: A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET . C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1. Describe the cartoon and the message conveyed 2. Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon (背誦3)Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world. As is shown in the cartoon, two cars are giving off waste gas and three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories, domestic appliances and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.（第一段：對圖畫進(jìn)行描述） There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless, automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken, the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand. Actually, people are showing a real concern over the problem. For example, there is an increasingly loud voice from the public（公眾） for firm action against pollution from automobiles.（第二段：透過畫面點(diǎn)出寓意）Indeed, the earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off by automobiles. For example, the automobiles should be equipped with a device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent it from polluting air. Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by automobiles.（第三段：發(fā)表議論，提出問題方法、措施、建議） P24 范文九 尸銷會 Directions: A. Write an essay that conveys the information in the following chart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoon accompanied by your comments. B. Time limit: 40 minutes C. Word limit: no less than 150 words D. Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (背誦4)This picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard, and being shocked at the message. This is because the billboard is advertising a Sale of Dead Bodies. The cartoon is a criticism of the careless use of simplified characters. Obviously, the advertiser wants to inform people of the sale of something else-not dead bodies! But we dont know what it is, because the three characters which make up the message are used incorrectly. Nowadays too many people not only do not take enough care to write properly, they even invent their own simplified ways of writing. Simplifying the old, complicated characters has been a great benefit, enabling people to learn to read and write quickly. But we should stick to the standard simplified characters, make sure that we use them properly, and definitely not make up our own simplified characters. Otherwise, what was intended to make communication easier could result in making it more difficult. 圖畫+提綱+場景 P7 2001年寫作考題評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣卷 76. Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.（不是重心,不能展開 ） There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,（描述,寓意） 2) give a specific example, and（舉例） 3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about（建議措施）200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Sample 1（235詞15句） (背誦5) Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give others love. As can be seen from the picture, love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following example(s). (Numerous examples can be given easily, but these will suffice.) For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his(her) life. Again, when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In(Under) these circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed. To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, dont hesitate to give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in. (20分) Sample 2 (背誦6) Love is one of our (/the) favorite topic today. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries and speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. The picture tells us a simple truth: love is like a lamp which shines brightest in dark places. Love is most valuable when it is most needed. For example, once I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street. She could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be able to help her. Though my English is not very good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed help desperately(絕望地). I asked her what she wanted. She told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way to her hotel. It was a small thing but she thanked me very much(/a lot) because my help was needed greatly. Therefore, My help was like a lamp in a dark place. But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries. This is something we should give more thought to （more thoughts should be given to the way to show love）.I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark place, showing our love, giving our help to others, even to strangers. In this way we can make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.(18分) 1. 文章全是復(fù)雜句子，基本上拿不到高分。 2. 全是簡單句子，也不行。 *考試，考英語面掌握的寬度。句型多變化 2001年作文范文 (背誦7) When we use the word love we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love, by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions. As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standard s, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can-be it money or goods-to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves. In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for, as the picture shows, the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. 圖表作文 粗線條描述；原因，每點(diǎn)拓展一下；措施建議 99年 作文 (三)評卷實(shí)例 Directions: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET . C. Your essay should cover these three points: 1. effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife（描述圖表，相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)狀，粗線條的描寫） 2. possible reason for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH 樣卷1. 得分14 15句話 (背誦8)From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet. Why does this phenomenon appear? I think there are several possible reasons for this. First, with a rapid growth of population (/as the human population expands), more and more people came to(逐漸開始) live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably cannot adapt to the new environment and die. Second, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Third, with the development of industry, the natural balance and the ecological environment are destroyed. The deforestation(采伐森林) has become more and more serious. So(鎖定這一段, 連接手段，必須有) some of the wild lives become homeless and extinct. In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. 胡老師寫的作文(寫作的語言意識） 在寫一些文章時，不可避免的會有一些核心概念，避免重復(fù)。 人口增長 野生動物 滅絕 構(gòu)成威脅 (背誦9)The two charts show that the increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many species have been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance. As the human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food, or because they are thought to present a threat to man. But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution, which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development. This makes us wonder if man is able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms. In my opinion, it is imperative(迫切的) to take steps to reverse the disturbing(令人困惑的) trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, man must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will become extinct. 舉例時，有兩種方式： 1 舉幾個例子，每個例子都是高度濃縮，高度的提煉。 2 舉一個例子，把這個例子細(xì)化。 最后要有一個主題句，在后面鎖定段落 范文十一 Statistics in Peoples Daily Expenses in Xian YearItem 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Food 66 61 48 41 36 Clothing 9 10 12 15 18 Recreation 4 5 8 9 11 Others 21 24 32 35 35 Total 100 100 100 100 100 (背誦10)What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the peoples daily expenses in Xian from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another. There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year.From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that peoples living standards in Xian have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction. 提綱：（這篇題沒給） 1. 描述圖表，現(xiàn)狀 2. 原因 3. 預(yù)測未來(如果好的方面，則預(yù)測未來；如果是壞的方面，最后提出建議） 圖表作文的變體 A. Write an essay that conveys the information in the following chart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoon accompanied by your comments.(1 信息具體的描述 2 對信息的看法) B. Time limit : 40 minutes C. Word limit : no less than 150 words 寫法：第一段依然是粗線條的描述 第二段進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的描述(*圖表語言*) 第三段發(fā)表個人的評論,寫法: 第1種 分析背后的原因 第2種 對圖表的發(fā)展趨勢，發(fā)表個人的看法 第3種 一般性的評論（原因、趨勢） 重中之重：情景+提綱+圖表1這種題型考的是科研能力。 要會觀察現(xiàn)象、看數(shù)據(jù)，會分析里面的規(guī)律性的東西 2考論證的能力。 觀點(diǎn)是來自數(shù)據(jù)、圖表本身；規(guī)律性的東西觀點(diǎn)；數(shù)據(jù)性的東西論證支持。 3圖表本身暗示著作者的立場。 4一切的一切來源于圖表。 考科研能力；考語言能力。 最新大綱樣題（2001年）：情景+提綱+圖表*圖表語言*Directions: Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy. There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints. Write an essay(包含評論,議論) to the newspaper 1) criticizing(評論,不一定是批評) their view and 2) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pic