英語時態(tài)歸納--表格形式-看起來比較方便的.doc

時態(tài)定義時間狀語結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句否定句形式一般現(xiàn)在時經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week,month),once a week, on Mondays, etc.1.be動詞2.行為動詞主語+be+其他1.把動詞be放于句首。2.用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時還原為動詞原形。1.am/is/are+not2.此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont；若主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)。now, at this time, these days, etc.主語+am/ is/ are +doing把be動詞放在句首。主語+am/ is/ are +not +doing一般過去時過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)； 過去 習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc.1. was/were2.行為動詞過去式1.把was或 were放于句首。2.用助動詞did提問，同時還原為動詞原形。1.主語+was/were+ not2. 在行為動詞前加do在其前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。過去進行時表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的動作或行為。at this time yesterday或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。主語+was/ were+ doing把was或were放在句首。主語+was/ were+ not+ doing現(xiàn)在完成時過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的一向或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently，in the past few years, 等，及由for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。have/ has +done把have或has放在句首。have/ has +not+ done一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。tomorrow，tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ，next Sunday/week/year/month， soon, in a few days minutes, etc1.be going to +do2.will shalldo1.be放在句首。2.will/shall提到句首。1.be going tonot+ do2.will shallnot+ do 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或情況。表示“過去的過去” by, before等構(gòu)成的過去時間短語連用或用于when, before, until等引導(dǎo)的從句中。由said, asked, told, thought等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，had+ donehad放于句首。had+ not+ done過去將來時表示在過去的某個時候看來將要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc.1.would+do 2.was/ were going to +do 1.would 提到句首。2.was 或were放于句首。1.would+not+do 2.was/were +not+ going to +do一般過去將來時立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中The next day(morning,Year) The following month(week) etc1,Was/were+going to+do2,would/should+do+其他Was/were放于句首，would/should提到句首1，Was/were+not+going to+do2，would/should+not+do過去將來進行時就過去某一時間而言，將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作，主要用于賓語從句中，多用于間接引語 Shoud/would+be+現(xiàn)在分詞例句：They said they would be coming He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting將來完成時在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)By the time of,by the end of+時間短語（將來） by the time+從句（將來）主語+be going to/will/shall+shall+have+p,p(過去分詞)+其他例句：By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area 過去將來完成時過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發(fā)生的動作，常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實相反Should/would have done sth例句：I thought youd have left by this timeHe told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock現(xiàn)在完成進行時從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，這一動作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍然在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來Since+時間點， for+時間段Hanv/has+been+doing+其他 例句：I have been sitting here for an hour The children have been watching TV since six oclock.過去完成進行時某正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過去某個時刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當前才結(jié)束特殊含義：1，尚未完成：He had been writing the novel 他已經(jīng)在寫小說了（他沒寫完）2,企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb他曾今學(xué)習(xí)過這個諺語（他曾經(jīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)過他）3，未得結(jié)果：We had been studying what our enemy had said 我們一直致力于敵人所說的（但是我們沒有理解）had+been+doing+其他4，最近情況:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。（最近）5，反復(fù)動作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題（屢次）例句：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the examHad they been expecting the news for some time?6，情緒：What had he been doing?他做了什么（不耐煩）將來完成時表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。Shall/will have been doing例句：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year過去將來完成時表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。Should/would+have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞例句：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.時態(tài)練習(xí)1. -Where is Frank now?- He _his bike in the yard.(北京海淀區(qū))A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed 2. -Youve left the light on, Tracy.-Oh, yes. _ to turn it off right now. (宜昌市)A. Id go B. Ive goneC. Ill go D. I go 3.“The World Without Thieves” is a very moving film. I _ it twice already.(陜西省)A. will see B. see C. sawD. have seen 4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since l995.(上海市)A) attractedB) attractsC) has attractedD) will attract 5. -Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?-Yes. It happened when I past the museum.（蘇州市）A. walk B. am walking C. will Walk D. was walking 6. -Have you read this book? -YesI_ it two weeks ago（隨州市）Ais reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread 7.- What are you doing ,Jim?-I _a beautiful horse.（北京豐臺區(qū)）A. draw B. drew C. am drawing D. was drawing 8. They_ all their money, so they have to walk home now. （北京豐臺區(qū)）A. have spent B. spend C. spent D. are spending