高考英語閱讀理解精品練習(xí)（1）.doc

2014高考英語閱讀理解精品練習(xí)（1）及答案（解析）c82012湖北卷 brrriiinnng. the alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. you jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. a stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. in that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problemsolving work? the way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, openminded thinking. imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when were unfocused. if you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. sleepy peoples lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. by not giving yourself time to tune_into_your_wandering_mind,_youre missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer. the trip you take to work doesnt help, either. the stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. and while we all should read a lot about whats going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the days work is done. so what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? wed set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. wed stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. wed take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. and once in the officeafter we get a cup of coffeewed click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.67according to the author, we are more creative when we are _. afocused brelaxed cawake dbusy68what does the author imply about newspapers? athey are solution providers. bthey are a source of inspiration. cthey are normally full of bad news. dthey are more educational than websites.69by “tune into your wandering mind” (in para. 2), the author means “_” awander into the wild blisten to a beautiful tune cswitch to the traffic channel dstop concentrating on anything70the author writes the last paragraph in order to _. aoffer practical suggestions bsummarize past experiences cadvocate diverse ways of life destablish a routine for the future【要點(diǎn)綜述】此篇作者根據(jù)自己的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)人們工作中的問題，并提出了增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)造性的建議。67b信息理解題。根據(jù)第二段your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.可知正確答案為b。68c推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話：“當(dāng)你瀏覽報(bào)紙上令人沮喪的消息和關(guān)于災(zāi)難的報(bào)道時(shí)，你怎么能安心工作呢？”所以c項(xiàng)正確。69d詞義理解題。劃線部分句子的意思為：不給自己時(shí)間隨著自己的思緒徜徉，你將錯(cuò)過一些令人吃驚的(好的)解決問題的方案。d項(xiàng)正確。70a主旨大意題。最后一段首句即為此段中心句，它交代了這一段的寫作意圖，所以a項(xiàng)正確。c62013重慶卷 calmost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.we do know，however，that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient asia.the oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in slovenia.it is over 5，100 years old.evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though.this could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.but it could also be because of a difficult situation.while wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.eventually，road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.there had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.in the mid1700s，a frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer (層)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.a scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.at around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充氣輪胎) in 1846. alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)as wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.64what might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?afew knew how to use transport wheels.bhumans carried farming tools just as well.canimals were a good means of transport.dthe existence of transport wheels was not known.65what do we know about road design from the passage?ait was easier than wheel design.bit improved after big changes in vehicle design.cit was promoted by fastmoving vehicles.dit provided conditions for wheel design to develop.66how is the last paragraph mainly developed?aby giving examples.bby making comparisons.cby following time order.dby making classifications.67what is the passage mainly about?athe beginning of road design.bthe development of transport wheels.cthe history of public transport.dthe invention of fastmoving vehicles.【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文介紹輪子的演進(jìn)歷史。64c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段最后一句說明wheels長期未能流行的緣由：動(dòng)物長期以來充當(dāng)交通工具。65d推理判斷題。短文最后一段說明路況的改良促進(jìn)了車輪業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展。66c篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。該段看似舉例，但這些例子均是按時(shí)間由遠(yuǎn)及近而敘述的。67b主旨大意題。該文主要介紹wheels由一般的發(fā)明物到廣泛運(yùn)用于交通的歷史演進(jìn)過程。(2011武漢四月調(diào)測，b)when it comes to your skin，there is an extremely important fact that you must keep in mind：your skin is the largest organ of your body. as an obvious result, skin health and maintenance (保養(yǎng)) is vital. your skin does everything from protecting you from the elements to assisting you with breathing. your skin keeps_your_body_hydrated and regulates your bodys temperature. in the end, this really is only the beginning of all of the various vital functions that your skin provides to you.despite the extreme importance of a persons skin，the reality is that many people simply do not pay much attention to issues relationg to the health of their skin. with that in mind, there are some prime tips and pointers that you must always keep in mind when it comes to the health and protection of your skin.protection against harmful rays from the sun is one of the most important steps that you need to take. with this in mind it is vitally important that you make certain you use solid protection when you go out into the sun.your diet also has a direct effect on the health of your skin. the most important aspect of your diet in relation to the health of your skin is to make certain that you eat a proper amount of food items that contain the proteins and nutrients necessary for cellular maintenance, repair and regeneration(再生). with this in mind, your skin cells actually rely on a sufficient amount of carbohydrates.water is also important to the health of your skin. while you certainly have heard it before, it actually is true that you should drink at least eight 8ounce glasses of fresh and pure water every day. there are many health benefits you can get from drinking water daily, including maintaining healthy skin.finally, when it comes to the health of your skin today and into the future you should avoid smoking all together. in addition, you should drink alcohol only in moderation. both smoking and too much alcohol consumption can negatively affect the health of your skin in significant ways.皮膚是我們身體最大的器官。本文作者就如何保養(yǎng)皮膚給出了一些實(shí)用的建議。9the underlined part in the first paragraph probably means “_”a. prevent your body from becoming dryb. make your body take in waterc. let your body keep smoothd. have your body stay warm答案：a。詞義猜測題。由上文內(nèi)容以及常識(shí)判斷，皮膚在保持身體的水分和溫度方面起很大的作用，故畫線部分的含義是阻止身體變干燥。10how many tips does the writer give to protect the skin?a. 3. b4. c5. d6答案：c。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第3段到第6段，總共給了5條建議(避免太陽曝曬、飲食、喝水、抽煙、飲酒)。11which of the following can help maintain the health of skin?a. drink as much water as possible every day.b. use solid protection when going out into the sun.c. never drink alcohol.d. smoke less.答案：b。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第3段內(nèi)容可知選b。a中的as much water as possible錯(cuò)誤，由尾段可知c、d錯(cuò)誤。12which can be used as the title of the passage?a. skinthe largest organ of our bodyb. tips for soft and smooth skinc. good habits and skin healthd. how to keep our skin healthy答案：d。主旨大意題。文章前兩段敘述了皮膚對(duì)身體的重要性，第3段到第6段介紹了如何保養(yǎng)皮膚的一些建議，故選d。a范圍太大；b是如何使皮膚柔軟光滑的建議；c是好習(xí)慣和皮膚健康的關(guān)系。(2011南京二模，d)in 1890 william james, the american philosopher and physician and one of the founders of modern psychology, defined psychology as “the science of mental life” and this definition provides a good starting point for our understanding even today. we all have a mental life and therefore have some idea about what this means, even though it can be studied in rats or monkeys as well as in people and the concept remains difficult to understand.like most psychologists, william james was particularly interested in human psychology，which he thought consisted of certain basic elements: thoughts and feelings, a physical world which exists in time and space，and a way of knowing about these things. for each of us, this knowledge is primarily personal and private. it comes from our own thoughts ，feelings and experience of the world, and may or may not be influenced by scientific facts about things. for this reason, it is easy for us to make judgements about psychological matters using our own experience as a standard. we behave as amateur psychologists when we offer opinions on complex psychological phenomena. however, problems arise when two people understand these things differently. formal psychology attempts to provide methods for deciding which explanations are most likely to be correct, or for determining the circumstances under which each applies. the work of psychologists helps us distinguish between inside information，which is subjective, and may be prejudiced and unreliable, and the facts：between our predictions and what is“true” in scientific terms.psychology, as defined by william james, is about the mind or brain, but although psychologists do study the brain, we do not understand nearly enough about its workings to be able to comprehend the part that it plays in the experience and expression of our hopes, fears, and wishes，or in our behaviour during experiences as varied as giving birth or watching a football match. indeed, it is rarely possible to study the brain directly. so, psychologists have discovered more by studying our behaviour, and by using their observations to obtain hypotheses(假設(shè)) about what is going on inside us.本文主要講述的是對(duì)心理學(xué)這一概念的定義和理解。13the first paragraph is mainly about _.a. the founder of modern psychologyb. the definition of psychologyc. the complexity of psychologyd. the influence of psychology答案：b。主旨大意題。由首段首句中的“.defined psychology asthe science of mental life.”和尾句中的“the concept remains difficult to understand”可知本段主要說的是心理學(xué)的定義，故選b。14from paragraph 2, we can know that problems arise because _.a. of the difference between inside information and the factsb. of different thoughts and feelings about psychologyc. people usually make judgements based on their own ideasd. amateur psychologists cannot use scientific terms答案：c。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？傆[第2段中的內(nèi)容可知，問題的出現(xiàn)是由于人們通常是基于自己的想法作出判斷，因而會(huì)見仁見智，故選c。15according to the passage, psychologists study the brain mainly_.a. in a direct way b. with their own experiencec. by observing how it works d. by watching peoples behaviour答案：d。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第3段尾句“so，psychologists have discovered more by studying our behaviour，and by using their observations to obtain hypotheses about what is going on inside us.”可知d項(xiàng)正確。16which of the following can be the first sentence in the fourth paragraph?a. psychology is also about the ways people use their mental abilities to operate in the world around them.b. william james is considered to be the greatest psychologist in the 1890s.c. psychology suggests that living beings adapt to a changing environment so that they can survive.d. it is important for psychologists，as well as ordinary people，to be aware of the reasons.答案：a。推理判斷題。從語篇結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第1段引出心理學(xué)的概念，第2段談?wù)撔睦韺W(xué)的構(gòu)成要素以及就同一問題產(chǎn)生歧義的原因，第3段說的是研究心理學(xué)的方法是研究人的行為，按行文邏輯推理第4段應(yīng)該是談?wù)撔睦韺W(xué)也是關(guān)于人們把腦力應(yīng)用到他們周圍的世界的方式。故選a。c62013重慶卷 dnot all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the atlantic ocean, an sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.the atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the mediterranean as the inland sea of western civilization.unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.it is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“storm at sea”， a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the atlantic.when the wind is from the westall the waves that cannot rest to the east must thunder on where the bright tree of the sunis rooted in the oceans breast.as the poem suggests, the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling, crashing，and whistling.it is easy to imagine the atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so no