江蘇省沭陽中學高考英語閱讀理解專項訓練2.doc

江蘇省沭陽中學閱讀訓練2 閱讀理解 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙(卡)上將該項涂黑。 alets assume you have two months, plenty of energy, and a desire to see much of europe. fly to london - a manageable, english-speaking starting point - and travel around europe with a 2-month eurailpass(歐洲火車通票). budget for a $900 round-trip ticket to london, around $1,300 for a two-month first-class eurailpass, and $100 a day for room, board, and sightseeing. you can do it for less by staying at hostels and traveling by bus or second-class trains.if i were planning my first european trip and wanted to see as much as i could in two months, this is the trip id take. london and side trips (5 days)london is europes great entertainer. get on a hop-on, hop-off orientation bus tour from the park in front of victoria station. give the london eye ferris wheel a spin and tour the british museum. every day will be busy and each night filled with a pub and a play. spend your remaining time in the english countryside: bath, the cotswolds, york, and the university city of cambridge. but the continent beckons. paris is only three hours away by eurostar train (15 trains per day). paris (3 days)ascend the eiffel tower to survey a paris studded with architectural gems and historical one-of-a-kinds. take the pont-neuf bridge over to the samaritaine department store for a self-serve lunch and a great rooftop view. be sure to experience the louvre, orsay museum, napoleons tomb, and latin quarter nightlife. take a side trip to europes greatest palace, louis xivs versailles. start your eurail-pass when you leave paris (it doesnt work in great britain). take the overnight train to madrid (14 hours), or take a detour: loire valley (2 days). spain and portugal (12 days)madrid (2 days)on arrival, reserve your train out. reservations on long trains are required in spain (and norway), even with a eurailpass. take a taxi or the subway to puerto del sol to find a central hotel. bullfights (in summer), shopping, and museums will fill your sunny days. madrids three essential sights are the prado museum, reina sofia, and the royal palace. from madrid, side-trip to toledo (60 minutes by train, bus, or shared taxi). save a day for this perfectly preserved historic capital, home of el greco and his masterpieces. back in madrid, take the night train to lisbon (about 10 hours). lisbon (2 days)portugals friendly capital, can keep a visitor busy for many days. its highlight is the alfama. this salty old sailors quarter is a photographers delight. circle south for a 2-day stop on portugals south coast, the algarve (train to lagos, about 6 hours). settle down in salema, the best beach village on the south coast of portugal. cross into andaluca for flamenco, hill towns, and sevilla. sevilla and andaluca (3 days)after strolling through sevilla, the city of flamenco, head for the hills and explore andalucas route of the whitewashed hill towns. ride the speedy ave train back to madrid. fly or catch the night train to barcelona (2 days). spend a couple of days touring the picasso museum, relaxing, shopping, and exploring the gothic quarter. then catch a night train to arles, france (about 11 hours).56. if you take the route recommended by the author, how much will the entire 2-month trip probably cost? a. $2,300 b. $3,200 c. $8,200 d. $9,10057. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true?a. eurailpass is always valid during your tour around europe.b. spain is the only country in europe where reservations on long trains are required.c. following the route, you will have the chance to visit museums in each destination country. d. a visit to the surrounding areas of the major cities is always available during the trip.58. the passage is written mainly to _.a. advertise some famous cities around europeb. introduce a possible route to tour around europec. provide some information about possible means of transport in europe d. draw attention to the landmark architecture of some major cities in europebthe new swedish gender-neutral (性別中立的) word “hen” was introduced at two stockholm nurseries in 2012. it is used for describing either male or female, or someone not wanting to be described with those terms. today “hen” is frequently used by swedish children and adults alike. now other european countries are joining the gender-neutrality trend.“fourteen major retailers(零售商) have made changes since we started our campaign almost two years ago,” reports tricia lowther, a mother-of-one in northern england and a member of the let toys be toys initiative, which lobbies for gender-neutral toy aisles. “theyve taken down boys and girls signs. the blue and pink aisles remain, but things are happening.” the retailers doing away with boys and girls toy signs are major ones indeed: tesco, sainsburys, morrisons, boots. marks & spencer has gone even further, making its toy labelling gender-neutral. in the efforts to achieve gender equality in the children world, no country has gone as far as sweden. the nurseries that first introduced “hen” still use it, and others have joined them. “all children should be able to wear what they want. dresses are not just for girls. and pink is a beautiful colour that should be available to everybody,” says maria hulth of a gender equality consulting firm. “sweden is really the pioneer,” says lann hornscheidt, a professor of gender studies. “no other country has made such an effort to break down gender barriers among children.” though there are no official statistics regarding the number of swedish nurseries using “hen”, maria hulth notes that individual teachers now often opt to use “hen” even when its not the nurserys policy. but, she notes, “swedish nurseries and primary schools gender-neutral efforts dont end at the neutral word. theyre putting a lot of effort into avoiding words like boys and girls, instead just saying children. to its supporters, swedens nursery world of “hen” and pink-for-all is a civil rights heaven. but, dr david eberhard argues that a new word wont change the fact that the vast majority of peopleidentify either as men or women. “whatever you choose to call people, the biological differences between men and women remain,” he notes. “we should treat each other with respect, but ignoring biological gender differences is crazy. making us the same wont create more equality.” he thinks boys should be allowed to play with dolls and girls with cars if they like to. “but”, he adds, “calling them hen instead of him or her? thats child cruelty.”given that sweden is the worlds fourth most gender-equal country, as measured in the world economic forums latest gender gap report (only iceland, finland and denmark score higher), practices like the use of “hen” suggest an already progressive country trying to fix a minor problem. “far from it, the gender gap creates poverty among women,” argues hornscheidt. “movements like the use of “hen” are all part of an effort to create a more just world.”59.the author mentions some major retailers in paragraph 2 to show_. a. the influence of the gender-neutral campaign b. these retailers efforts to promote toy sales c. the importance of making boys and girls equal d. the varieties of toys for children to choose from60.the underlined word “opt” in paragraph 5 is closes in meaning to _. a. hesitate b. prefer c. pretend d. refuse 61. which of the following would lann hornscheidt most probably agree with? a. both men and women should wear pink clothes to show equality. b. kids and adults will stay equal if they both use the word “hen”. c. sweden has taken the lead in advocating the real gender equality. d. there are no biological gender differences between men and women. 62. what is the purpose of the passage? a. to seek a new solution to gender inequality. b. to introduce a new development in gender equality. c. to stress the significance of swedens gender neutral movement. d. to compare swedens education with that of other european countries. cby 2050, a completely new type of human evolve as a result of extremely new technology, behavior, and natural selection. this is according to cadell last, a researcher at the global brain institute, who claims mankind is undergoing a major “evolutionary transition”. in less than four decades, mr. last claims we will live longer, have children in old age and rely on artificial intelligence to do ordinary and boring tasks. this shift is so significant, he claims, it is comparable to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans. “your 80 or 100 is going to be so radically different than your grandparents,” mr. last says, who believes we will spend much of our time living in virtual reality. some evolutionary scientists believe this age could be as high as 120 by 2050. mr. last claims humans will also demonstrate delayed sexual maturation, according to a report by christina sterbenz in business insider. this refers to something known as life history theory which attempts to explain how natural selection shapes key events in a creatures life, such as reproduction. it suggests that as brain sizes increase, organisms need more energy and time to reach their full potential, and so reproduce less. instead of living fast and dying younger, mr. last believes humans will live slow and die old. “global society at the moment is a complete mess,” he told mailonline. “but in crisis there is opportunity, and in apocalypse (啟示) there can be transformation. so i think the next system humanity creates will be far more sophisticated, fair, and abundant than our current civilization.” “i think our next system will be as different from the modern world, as our contemporary world is from the medieval (中世紀的) world. the biological clock isnt going to be around forever,” he added, and said that people could pause it for some time using future technology. the change is already happening. today, the average age at which a woman in britain has her first baby has been rising steadily stands at 29. 8. in the us, just one percent of first children were born to women over the age of 35 in 1970. by 2012, that figure rose to 15 percent.“as countries become socio-economically advanced, more and more people, especially women have the option to engage in cultural reproduction,” mr. last added. and as well as having more child-free years to enjoy leisure time, he believes artificial intelligence will make up the need for low-skill jobs. we may also spend a large amount of time living in virtual reality. “im not quite sure most people have really absorbed the implications of this possibility,” mr. last said. his views are detailed in a paper, titled “human evolution, life history theory, and the end of biological reproduction published current aging science. 63. according to cadell last, a completely new type of human will appear because of _. artificial intelligence new technology natural selection mundane tasks behavior a. b. c. d. 64. which statement is compared by mr. last to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans? a. we have diseases and die young. b. we give birth to a child when we are young. c. we spend less time in virtual reality. d. we use intelligent robots to do everyday housework. 65. the underlined words in the third paragraph most probably mean “_”.a. organisms need more energy and time to ripen. b. natural selection shapes key events. c. reproduction. d. reproduce less. 66. in the next system mr. last explained we can infer that _. a. women are engaged in careers or hobbies instead of giving birth to babiesb. women are engaged in playing computer games rather than working c. women are engaged in cultural reproduction in place of men d. women are engaged in living in virtual reality without optionsdsix people have kept themselves inside a white dome in hawaii to have an eight-month test of how their mental health might experience during a mission to mars.the nasa-funded project involves three men and three women who have no access to fresh food and limited access to internet that requires 20-minute intervals between click and response, as it might be in deep space.they are allowed to step outside their igloo-like enclosure which measures 11 meters in diameter and six meters tall only if wearing a space suit.“we are surrounded by basaltic lava(玄武巖火山石) and living on the slopes of mauna loa where there is little evidence of plant or animal life,” wrote crew member jocelyn dunn, a doctor at purdue universitys school of industrial engineering, after her first day in the dome on october 17. “the training wheels are coming off as our new reality is setting in,” dunn wrote on her blog, , which she plans to update throughout the mission.nasa is spending $1.2 million on a series of three such projects known as hawaii space exploration analog and simulation (hi-seas) to determine the potential risks of sending people together to spend long periods on a distant planet.nasa is aiming for a human mission to mars by the 2030s, but experts are still not sure if humans can with-stand the radiation that the journey would involve.it could take eight months to reach the red planet, not to mention time spent on it with a thin atmosphere and no known food source, followed by an attempt at returning to earth.one recent study found that with the current limits of technology, adventurers to mars would start dying in 68 days. another study this week said the risk of radiation-induced cancer would limit any trip to one year.nasa considers it just as important to study whether peoples mental states could hold up under the pressure of a mars journey, said principal investigator kim binsted.both crew psychology and radiation are considered “red risks” for mars, “which means essentially, until we solve these problems, we are not going,” binsted told afp. binsted is coordinating the experiment from the outside the dome. those inside are healthy, educated people in their 20s and 30s, each with a keen interest in science and space. “it is kind of the opposite of a reality show. we select against drama.” explained binsted. “we try to pick a crew that will get along with each other. we pick generally level-headed and easy-going people.”they include allen mirkadyrov, an aerospace engineer for and neil scheibelhut, a microbiologist and former soldier in iraq. sophie milam is an expert in robotics who is pursuing a masters degree in engineering, and zak wilson is a mechanical engineer. the commander is canadian-born martha lenio, who earned a doctor degree in engineering and has worked in the sustainable building industry, accordin