汽車配件英語.doc

汽車內部配件作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年6月13日 【編者按】 本節(jié)讓我們掀開引擎蓋,對汽車內部的主要配件名稱及功能進行介紹。Trunk: place for stowing baggage.Tail light: rear light.Spare wheel: wheel of a car used to replace a damaged wheel.Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.Transmission: automobile apparatus that transmits mechanical power to the wheels.Muffler: device used to reduce engine noise.Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.Body side moulding: decorative moulding on the side of a car.Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by friction, by pressing a disk against the axel of a wheel.Oil filter: device that removes impurities from oil passing through it.Alternator: generator that produces an alternating current.Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.Distributor: case that is used to fire the cylinders.Battery: device that generates electric current.Air filter: device that remove impurities from air passing trough it.Windshield washer: liquid used to clean the windows.Steering wheel: device used to handle a car in conjuction with steering and gear systems.Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car.Seat: type of armchair in the passenger compartment of a car.Window frame: border around a window.Rearview mirror: inside mirror used for looking backward.Transmission: 變速器; Muffler: 消聲器;Line shaft: 主傳動軸;Disk brake: 盤式制動器; Oil filter: 機油濾清器; Alternator: 交流發(fā)電機;Radiator: 散熱器; Distributor: 分電器; Steering wheel: 方向盤;Rearview mirror: 后視鏡;【編者按】 從本節(jié)開始我們將對泊車主要配件的功能進行介紹。Automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.Trunk: place for stowing baggage.Tail light: rear light.Back fender: side rear part of the body that covers the wheel.Quarter window: window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel.Roof post: vertical structure that supports the top of the car.Window: mounted pane of glass.Door handle: part of the door used to open it.Door: opening used to enter the passenger compartment.Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.Door post: vertical structures that encase the windows.Hub cap: piece of metal covering the hubs.Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.Front fender: side fore part of the body that covers the wheel.Shield: movable apparatus that protects against bumps.Indicator light: amber light that is used to signal changes in the cars direction.License plate: piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile.Bumper: apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps.Head light: front light of a car.Grill: plastic or metal decoration over the radiator.Hood: cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car.Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car.Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.Windshield: the front window of a car.Sun roof: movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened.Roof: upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment.Trunk: 行李倉; Tail light: 尾燈; Back fender:后防護板 Quarter window:轂蓋; Roof post: 車頂支框Door post: 車窗邊框 Hub cap: 車輪蓋; Shield: 防護板;Bumper: 保險杠; Head light: 前燈; Grill:格柵 .windshield wiper:風擋刮水器,風擋雨雪刷;汽車常用配件及功能綜述底盤配件作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年6月16日 【編者按】 本節(jié)將引導您將汽車“翻轉”過來，了解底盤上各類主要部件及功能。Automobile (view from below): road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.Power steering: mechanism that automatically amplifies the movements of the steering wheel.Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.Exhaust system: network of pipes through which spent gas is expelled.Differential: gear system connecting the two axles of a car.Gas tank: container used for storing extra gas.Rear axle: bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle. The rear wheels are attached to its ends.Shock absorber: device for reducing shocks.Tire: band of rubber composed of a casing of textile and iron, covered with rubber and containing a air tube.Hydraulic converter: device using static energy to modify the electric current.Transmission: device carrying engine power to axles.Crankcase: metal envelope protecting the clutch.Oil pan: liquid tight metal envelope containing oil.Master cylinder: type of container in which the piston is moving.【中文注解】Power steering: 動力轉向；Line shaft: 動力軸；Differential: 差速器； Rear axle: 后軸；Hydraulic converter: 液力變矩器； Crankcase: 曲軸箱；Oil pan: 油盤； Master cylinder: 主油缸汽車常用配件及功能綜述作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年6月20日 【編者按】 本節(jié)我們轉向汽車儀表盤主要配件及功能介紹。Automobile dashboard: the control panel of a car. Contains gauges used to measure speed, distance traveled, etc. It is generally located in front of the driver.Rearview mirror: mirror used for looking backward.Mirror: polished glass object that reflects an image.Cigarette lighter: device used for lighting cigarette.Vent: opening that allows air to circulate in the passenger compartment.Glove compartment: storage compartment at the front of the passenger compartment.Radio controls: button used to control the radio.Heating controls: button used to control the different heating systems of a car.Accelerator pedal: foot-operated control that accelerates a vehicle.Brake pedal: foot-operated control that slows and stops a vehicle.Steering column: set of mechanisms used for steering a car.Turn signal level: control that operates the turn signals.Windshield wiper controls: hand lever controlling the windshield wiper.Instrument panel: set of dials and pictograms that give information on the state of a vehicle.Sun visor: movable device that shields against the sun.【中文注解】dashboard: 儀表盤; Rearview mirror: 后視鏡; Accelerator pedal: 油門踏板;Brake pedal: 制動踏板; Steering column: 駕駛桿; Instrument panel: 儀表盤;Sun visor: 防曬板;汽車常用配件及功能綜述作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年6月23日 【編者按】 本節(jié)我們轉向汽車前部框架結構主要配件及功能介紹。Front frame of an automobile: set of metal parts forming the framework supporting the font wheels.Front frame: the front part of the frame of a car.Brake: mechanism used to slow or stop a car.Lower control arm: part of the framework that gives flexibility to a car.Rubber pad: elastic plate that absorbs shocks.【中文注解】Rubber pad: 橡膠墊; Lower control arm: 下控制桿汽車常用配件及功能綜述作者：文石 發(fā)布時間：2008年6月25日 【編者按】 本節(jié)我們轉向汽車車身類別介紹。Types of bodies: shell forming the exterior of a car.Hatchback: two-door passenger compartment with a door at the back.Sports car: small, two-seated automobile.Four-door sedan: passenger compartment with four doors and four side windows.Limousine: large, six-seated passenger compartment.Convertible: car with a removable roof.Hardtop: two-door passenger compartment.Van: small vehicle used to carry baggage; a small van.Pick-up truck: a small truck.【中文注解】Convertible: 敞篷車; Limousine: 豪華車;發(fā)動機原理及詳解之一往復式發(fā)動機作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年5月20日 A reciprocating engine consists of (1) compression of air or pre-compressed air (or air-fuel mixture in the case of certain types of engines) within the cylinder of the engine by the action of a piston, (2) addition of heat energy into the compressed air by directly combusting the fuel in the compressed air, followed by (3) expansion of the hot pressurized combustion products in the cylinder against the piston connected to the load to produce useful work. The auto engine and the diesel engine are examples of a reciprocating engine. The compression ratio of an auto engine is lower and the combustion process is initiated by a spark plug while in a diesel engine, the compression ratio is significantly higher and the fuel is ignited by the heat of compression.Spark Ignition Engines. Next, there are two types of spark ignition engines: the four stroke cycle and the two stroke cycle. In the four stroke engine, four strokes of the piston are required to complete a cycle: (1) intake stroke where the piston moves with the intake valve open and the exhaust valve closed such that a mixture of air with atomized and vaporized fuel is taken into the cylinder, (2) compression stroke, in which the air/fuel mixture is compressed with both valves closed followed by ignition of the air/ fuel charge by a timed spark, (3) power or expansion stroke with both valves closed, and finally (4) the exhaust stroke in which the pistons moves with the exhaust valve open and thus completing the cycle. The cylinder walls are cooled by circulating a cooling medium through the cylinder jackets or by incorporating fins cooled by air.發(fā)動機原理及詳解之一往復式發(fā)動機作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年5月20日 In the two stroke engine, the intake and exhaust strokes are eliminated by using pre-compressed intake charge to displace the exhaust gases. The two stroke engine has the advantage of a high power to weight ratio because the engine has a power stroke each revolution. This advantage, however, is offset by the loss of a portion of the intake charge with the exhaust gases, resulting in lower efficiencies. The two stroke engine has thus limited applications such as in small boat engines, lawnmower engines where low cost and weight are more important than efficiency.Compression Ignition Engines. With a sufficiently high compression ratio and a suitable fuel, autoignition occurs in a reciprocating engine. The engine is similar to the spark ignited engines described above except that during the compression stroke, only air is taken into the piston and compressed to ignition conditions and then, the fuel is atomized directly into the combustion chamber at a controlled rate.【中文注解】往復式發(fā)動機由以下幾部分組成（1）由于活塞運動，氣缸內生產的壓縮空氣或預壓縮的空氣（或者因某些發(fā)動機類型不一樣，也可能是空氣燃油混合物）；（）在氣缸內的壓縮空氣中直接燃燒燃油，增加壓縮空氣所帶的熱能，然后（）氣缸中的高溫高壓混和氣體推動活塞連桿做有用功，汽車發(fā)動機及柴油發(fā)動機全是這種發(fā)動機的代表。汽油發(fā)動機的壓縮比要低一些，而氣體燃燒是靠火花塞點火實現(xiàn)的，而柴油發(fā)動機的壓縮比顯然要高得多，它是靠壓縮生熱而燃燒的。點燃式發(fā)動機點燃式發(fā)動機可以分為兩種類型，一種是四沖程發(fā)動機，另一種是兩沖程發(fā)動機。對于四沖程發(fā)動機，一個循環(huán)包括四個步驟：（1）進氣沖程（2）壓縮沖程；（3）燃燒膨脹沖程；（4）排氣沖程。兩沖程發(fā)動機內，進氣沖程與排氣沖程都省略了，因為進入氣缸的預壓混和氣體將要排出的廢氣取代，它擁有較高動力重量比，因為每圈發(fā)動機都會產生做一次膨脹沖程，而這個優(yōu)勢是以一部分燃氣進入氣缸時隨尾氣排出被浪費了造成的，因此它的效率很低，用途極為有限。壓燃式發(fā)動機這種發(fā)動機與點燃式發(fā)動機相似，但是在壓縮沖程中，僅有空氣進入并被壓縮達到燃燒條件，然后氣霧化了的燃油按控制的速率噴入燃燒室。A rotary engine is an internal combustion engine, but it works in a completely different way than the conventional piston engine.In a piston engine, the same volume of space (the cylinder) alternately does four different jobs - intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. A rotary engine does these same four jobs, but each one happens in its own part of the housing. Its kind of like having a dedicated cylinder for each of the four jobs, with the piston moving continually from one to the next.As the rotor moves through the housing, the three chambers created by the rotor change size. This size change produces a pumping action. Lets go through each of the four strokes of the engine looking at one face of the rotor.IntakeThe intake phase of the cycle starts when the tip of the rotor passes the intake port. At the moment when the intake port is exposed to the chamber, the volume of that chamber is close to its minimum. As the rotor moves past the intake port, the volume of the chamber expands, drawing air/fuel mixture into the chamber.When the peak of the rotor passes the intake port, that chamber is sealed off and compression begins.CompressionAs the rotor continues its motion around the housing, the volume of the chamber gets smaller and the air/fuel mixture gets compressed. By the time the face of the rotor has made it around to the spark plugs, the volume of the chamber is again close to its minimum. This is when combustion starts.CombustionMost rotary engines have two spark plugs. The combustion chamber is long, so the flame would spread too slowly if there were only one plug. When the spark plugs ignite the air/fuel mixture, pressure quickly builds, forcing the rotor to move.發(fā)動機原理及詳解之二旋轉式發(fā)動機作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年5月21日 The pressure of combustion forces the rotor to move in the direction that makes the chamber grow in volume. The combustion gases continue to expand, moving the rotor and creating power, until the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port.ExhaustOnce the peak of the rotor passes the exhaust port, the high-pressure combustion gases are free to flow out the exhaust. As the rotor continues to move, the chamber starts to contract, forcing the remaining exhaust out of the port. By the time the volume of the chamber is nearing its minimum, the peak of the rotor passes the intake port and the whole cycle starts again.The neat thing about the rotary engine is that each of the three faces of the rotor is always working on one part of the cycle - in one complete revolution of the rotor, there will be three combustion strokes. But remember, the output shaft spins three times for every complete revolution of the rotor, which means that there is one combustion stroke for each revolution of the output shaft.【中文注解】旋轉式發(fā)動機是一種內燃型發(fā)動機，但是它與傳統(tǒng)的活塞式發(fā)動機完全不同。對于活塞式發(fā)動機來說，它的氣缸內部空間本身承擔著四個不同的工作進氣、壓縮、燃燒與排氣。不過旋轉式發(fā)動機也有這四大工作，但是這些工作是在發(fā)動機內不同的空間內進行的。旋轉式發(fā)動機的轉子在氣缸室內轉動時，轉子與缸壁之間開成的氣室的大小可以隨著轉子轉動改變。氣室的大小轉變可以產生泵吸作用。進氣當轉子的邊緣經過進氣口始，整個做功循環(huán)的吸氣環(huán)節(jié)就開始了。此時，進氣口與氣缸內室連通，此時這個氣室的容積最小，當轉子轉過進氣口時，氣室的體積開始擴大，吸入空氣燃汽混和氣。當轉子的最頂點轉過進氣口時，這個氣室開始封閉，并進入壓縮狀態(tài)。壓縮轉子繼續(xù)在氣缸內運動，該氣室的體積變小，里面的混和氣體開始進行壓縮，當轉子的面快轉到火花塞時，氣室的體積再次接近最小值，這時燃燒環(huán)節(jié)就要開始。燃燒大部分旋轉式發(fā)動機都有兩個火花塞。如果只有一個火花塞，而燃燒室比較狹長，燃燒就會會延緩進行。事實上，火花塞一旦引燃混和氣體，燃燒室內壓力迅速加大，迫使轉子轉動。氣室內壓力增大，迫使轉子向使氣室里體積增大的方面轉動。燃燒的氣體繼續(xù)增大，使得轉子移動，并生產能量。直到轉子的頂點經過排氣口。排氣當轉子頂端通過排氣口時，高壓的燃氣會從排氣口排出。氣室的體積繼續(xù)減小，迫使剩余的氣體排出氣室。當氣室的體積達到最小時，轉子的頂點經過進氣口，整個循環(huán)重新開始了。發(fā)動機原理及詳解之三氣缸排列方式作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年5月23日 The core of the engine is the cylinder, with the piston moving up and down inside the cylinder. Most cars have more than one cylinder (four, six and eight cylinders are common). In a multi-cylinder engine, the cylinders usually are arranged in one of three ways: inline, V or flat (also known as horizontally opposed or boxer), as shown in the following figures.Figure 2. Inline - The cylinders are arranged in a line in a single bank.Figure 3. V - The cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another.Figure 4. Flat - The cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine.Different configurations have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of smoothness, manufacturing cost and shape characteristics. These advantages and disadvantages make them more suitable for certain vehicles.【中文注解】發(fā)動機的核心是氣缸，活塞在氣缸內上下運動。大多數(shù)汽車的發(fā)動機都有一個以上的氣缸（如四缸、六缸或八缸）。對于多缸發(fā)動機，它的百列方式有以下三種：直列式、V型、水平放置的，相關見上圖。氣缸不同的配置方式在平穩(wěn)程度、制造成本與外型特征上都擁有不同的優(yōu)勢與劣式。這些優(yōu)勢與劣式都適合于不同的車型。發(fā)動機原理及詳解之四主要配件介紹作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年5月26日 【編者按】 本節(jié)我們將對發(fā)動機主要部件的名稱及功能進行介紹。Lets look at some key engine parts in more detail.Spark plugThe spark plug supplies the spark that ignites the air/fuel mixture so that combustion can occur. The spark must happen at just the right moment for things to work properly.ValvesThe intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air and fuel and to let out exhaust. Note that both valves are closed during compression and combustion so that the combustion chamber is sealed.PistonA piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.Piston ringsPiston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and the inner edge of the cylinder. The rings serve two purposes:They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion. They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost. Most cars that burn oil and have to have a quart added every 1,000 miles are burning it because the engine is old and the rings no longer seal things properly.Connecting rodThe connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends so that its angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.CrankshaftThe crankshaft turns the pistons up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.發(fā)動機原理及詳解之四主要配件介紹作者：文石 來源：蓋世汽車網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間：2008年5月26日 SumpThe sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains some amount of oil, which collects in the bottom of the sump (the oil pan).【中文注解】火花塞火花塞的主要作用是點燃氣缸內的混和氣體。筏門進氣筏與排氣筏的作用就是在適當?shù)臅r候打開，以便讓空氣及燃氣流入或流出。不過在壓縮及燃燒沖程過程中，這兩個筏門全是關閉的?；钊@是一種圓柱狀的金屬部件，在氣缸內上下運動?；钊h(huán)活塞環(huán)是一個滑動的密封墊，位于活塞外緣及氣缸內壁之間。連接桿邊接桿的作用是連接活塞與曲軸。曲軸典軸的作用是將活塞的上下運動轉化為旋轉運動。油底殼油底殼包圍著曲軸，內含一定量機油，都儲