翻轉(zhuǎn)句型.doc

句型的轉(zhuǎn)換把一種句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)同一意思的做法,稱為句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。下面我們重點介紹簡單句句型的轉(zhuǎn)換、復(fù)合句和并列句句型的轉(zhuǎn)換以及簡單句和復(fù)合句的互換。掌握和了解這些轉(zhuǎn)換對提高同學(xué)們的語言運用能力有著重要的意義。一、簡單句句型的轉(zhuǎn)換通過把一個句子的主語、謂語、賓語、狀語或定語等成分轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種形式的方法可實現(xiàn)簡單句句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。1. 主語的轉(zhuǎn)換 主語結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換時分兩種情況:1)主語結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換有時對別的部分沒有影響:There is nothing inconsistent in what she said. (1)There is no inconsistency in what she said. (2)她的話并無前后矛盾之處。分析:(1)中there be結(jié)構(gòu)的主語由不定代詞nothing加上其后置定語inconsistent構(gòu)成；而在(2)中主語轉(zhuǎn)換成了由名詞inconsistency加其定語no構(gòu)成,其他部分沒有變化。2) 有時其他部分也需作相應(yīng)的改動:Mastery of a language requires painstaking efforts. (1)It requires painstaking efforts to master a language. (2)學(xué)語言要下苦功。分析:(1)中的主語由名詞短語Mastery of a language來充當(dāng),當(dāng)其轉(zhuǎn)換成(2)中的主語不定式to master a language之后,(1)中的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)換成了(2)中形式主語謂語賓語真正主語結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 謂語的轉(zhuǎn)換1)謂語有時可轉(zhuǎn)換為帶表語的結(jié)構(gòu):These books can be obtained at any library.(1)These books are obtainable at any library.(2)這些書哪個圖書館都有。分析:(1)中的謂語由情態(tài)動詞can加動詞obtain的被動結(jié)構(gòu)be obtained構(gòu)成,而在(2)中其被轉(zhuǎn)換成了系動詞are加上表語obtainable。2)有時又可轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞+名詞這類結(jié)構(gòu):Why didnt you inquire further about it? (1)Why didnt you make further inquiry about it? (2)你為什么沒對此作進(jìn)一步的探究？分析:(1)中的謂語動詞+補(bǔ)語結(jié)構(gòu)inquire further轉(zhuǎn)換成了(2)中的動詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)make further inquiry。3. 賓語的轉(zhuǎn)換1)有時賓語的全部可以進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換:The expansion of the city required extension of the communication lines.(1)The expansion of the city required extended communication lines.(2)城市要擴(kuò)大就要延長交通線。分析:(1)中的賓語由名詞extension加作后置定語的介詞短語of the communication lines構(gòu)成,在(2)中被轉(zhuǎn)換成作定語的形容詞extended加上名詞短語communication lines構(gòu)成。2)有時一部分賓語可以進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換:He advised us to be vigilant.(1)He advised us to maintain vigilance.(2) 他告誡我們要保持警惕。分析:在(1)中,復(fù)合賓語是由賓語us加上其補(bǔ)語to be vigilant構(gòu)成的,在(2)中賓語的補(bǔ)語被轉(zhuǎn)換成了to maintain vigilance。也就是說,賓語的補(bǔ)語由原來的系表結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成了動賓結(jié)構(gòu)。二、復(fù)合句和并列句句型的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 復(fù)合句型的轉(zhuǎn)換 在改變復(fù)合句的句型時,可以分為三種情況:1)我們可以只改變從句的一部分:She felt uneasy when people looked at her suspiciously.She felt uneasy when people looked at her with suspicion.當(dāng)人們用懷疑的目光看她時,她感到很不自在。2)也可以只改變主句的一部分:The sparkle in her eyes showed how excited she was.Her sparkling eyes showed how ex-cited she was.她閃光的眼睛表明她多么興奮。3)有時整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)都可以改變:Nothing indicates that the weather is changing. (1)There is no indication that the weather is changing. (2)沒有跡象表明天氣要發(fā)生變化。分析:(1)中復(fù)合句的整體結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),that從句作主句謂語動詞indicates的賓語,而在(2)中句子轉(zhuǎn)換成了There be結(jié)構(gòu),且完全相同的that從句作主語indication的同位語。2. 并列句句型的轉(zhuǎn)換并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以轉(zhuǎn)換,通常是改變一個分句的結(jié)構(gòu)。She said nothing but her eyes reproached us.(1)She said nothing but her eyes were reproachful.(2)她雖然沒說什么,但眼睛里卻有責(zé)備的神情。分析:并列句(1)由but連接的兩個存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列分句she said nothing和her eyes reproached us構(gòu)成；而在(2)中第一個分句保持不變,第二個分句被轉(zhuǎn)換成了her eyes were reproachful,也就是說,第二個分句由主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。三、簡單句和復(fù)合句的互換 簡單句和復(fù)合句的互換,實際上是短語和從句的互換。許多句子通過把從句變?yōu)槎陶Z,即可以由復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹唵尉?反之亦然。1. 主語從句和短語的互換主語從句有時可與不定式短語或動名詞短語互換。例如:Its regrettable that one should be so extravagant.(1)Its regrettable to be so extravagant.(2)這樣奢侈浪費是令人遺憾的。分析:(1)是復(fù)合句,通過把其中的主語從句that one should be so ex-travagant轉(zhuǎn)換為(2)中作主語的不定式to be so extravagant,(1)由復(fù)合句變成了簡單句(2)。 2. 表語從句與短語的互換表語從句有時可與不定式短語、動名詞短語或名詞短語互換。例如:Our major problem was that we lacked raw materials.(1)Our major problem was lack of raw materials.(2)我們的主要問題是缺乏原料。分析:(1)是復(fù)合句,通過把其中的表語從句that we lacked raw materials轉(zhuǎn)換為(2)中作表語的名詞短語lack of raw materials,(1)由復(fù)合句變成了簡單句(2)。3. 賓語從句與短語的互換賓語從句常?？梢耘c動名詞短語、名詞短語或帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語互換。例如:Do you expect she will stay after that? (1)Do you expect her to stay after that? (2)出了這事難道還指望她待下去?分析:通過把復(fù)合句(1)中的賓語從句she will stay after that轉(zhuǎn)換為(2)中帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語her to stay after that,(1)由復(fù)合句變成了簡單句(2)。 此外,通過定語從句和狀語從句與短語的互換也可以實現(xiàn)簡單句句型與復(fù)合句句型的互換。真題演練按要求進(jìn)行句式轉(zhuǎn)換:1. Varied methods help to liven up a lesson.(把主語轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種形式)2. She knew he could be trusted. (把從句的一部分轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種形式)3. It worries her that Tom should mix with such people.(把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句)4. Our chief worry was that she lacked enthusiasm. (把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句)5. He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him.(把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句) 答案及解析 1. Variety of methods helps to liven up a lesson. 句意:(教學(xué))方法多樣化可使課堂生動。分析:原句中的主語是由名詞methods加上作定語的形容詞varied構(gòu)成的名詞短語,其可轉(zhuǎn)換成為名詞variety后面加作后置定語的介詞短語of methods構(gòu)成的名詞短語,整個句子意思不變。2. She knew he was trustworthy. 句意:她知道他是可以信賴的。 分析:原句中賓語從句的謂語部分could be trusted(可以被信賴)可轉(zhuǎn)換成was trustworthy(是值得信賴的),其意思基本相同。3. Toms mixing with such people worries her. 句意:湯姆和這樣的人來往令她擔(dān)心。分析:原句中的主語從句that Tom should mix with such people可轉(zhuǎn)換成動名詞短語Toms mixing with such people,原句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)形式主語it+謂語+賓語不必再使用。通過這一變化,原句即由復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句。4. Our chief worry was her lacking in enthusiasm. 句意:我們主要的擔(dān)心是她缺乏熱情。分析:原句中的表語從句that she lacked enthusia