四級(jí)綜合義(word)版.doc

電子教材系列 四級(jí)綜合講義大學(xué)英語四級(jí)綜合講義主講：盧根歡迎使用電子教材 文章特點(diǎn)：完型文章特點(diǎn)（一） 文章為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，首句暗示文體和難易程度（二） 文章主題和學(xué)生生活緊密相連（三） 長(zhǎng)文容易，短文難（四） 文章開頭結(jié)尾容易，中間難選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：一、實(shí)詞：虛詞=3:1近義詞，形近詞，不相關(guān)的詞：空白的：blank, vacant, bare, hollow表示意義重大的：significant, heavy, common, seriousentire, total, full, complete表示損壞、損傷：injure, ruin, destroy, damage與展示有關(guān)：display, discover, exhibit, revealsealconcealrevealreservation, retreat, replacement, recoveryinform, inquire, insure, instructproceed, produce, pronounce, progressensure, assure, require, requestcombine, contain, define, declare不相關(guān)的詞：consumer, businessman, retailer, manufacturerlocate, discover, reveal, identifyaccount, measure, estimate, evaluatefacility, capacity, reflection, intention詞的特點(diǎn)：二、單詞相同線索在句內(nèi)，單詞不同線索在句外三、形近詞題、介詞題先做；連詞題、副詞題后做（插入語不讀，定語成分不讀，狀語成分不讀）四、答案總在相似中五、傾向于選四級(jí)核心詞六、簡(jiǎn)單詞考搭配七、高頻前綴a-, com-/con-, de-, dis-, in-, re-八、正確答案平均分布做題步驟：一、細(xì)讀首句，把握主旨二、精讀文章，按段做題三、先易后難，初選答案四、重讀原文，核實(shí)答案真題講解：Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. Its the one _61_ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door_62_goodbye to students for the summer and calling_63_them, By the way, we won World War II. 61. A) about B) in C) for D) by 62. A) shaking B) waving C) nodding D) speaking 63. A) in B) after C) for D) up The problem with the joke, of course, is that its_64_funny. The recent surveys on_65_ illiteracy (無知) are beginning to numb(令人震驚) nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 66_ which countries the United States_67_against in that war. 64. A) rarely B) so C) too D) not 65. A) historical B) educational C) cultural D) political 66. A) distinguish B) acknowledge C) identify D) convey 67. A) defeated B) attacked C) fought D) struckOne third have no _68_ when the Declaration of Independence was _69_. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly _70_the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. _71_ when they get the answers right, some are _72_ guessing. 68. A) sense B) doubt C) reason D) idea 69. A) printed B) signed C) marked D) edited 70. A) place B) judge C) get D) lock 71. A) Even B) Though C) Thus D) So 72. A) hardly B) just C) still D) ever Unlike math or science, ignorance of history&n, bsp;cannot be 73 connected to loss of international_74_ . But it does affect our future _75_ a democratic nation and as individuals. 73. A) exclusively B) practically C) shortly D) directly 74. A) competitiveness B) comprehension C) community D) commitment 75. A) of B) for C) with D) asThe _76_news is that there is growing agreement 77 what is wrong with the _78_of history and what needs to be _79_to fix it. The steps are tentative (嘗試性的) _80_yet to be felt in most classrooms. 76. A) fine B) nice C) surprising D) good 77. A) to B) with C) on D) of 78. A) consulting B) coaching C) teaching D) instructing 79. A) done B) dealt C) met D) reached 80. A) therefore B) or C) and D) as 觀察詞根詞綴：en前綴詞：encourage, enlarge, enrich, enforce, ensure, encloseencounter, entitle, endure, enhance, engage, enlighten, embrace, embarrassover前綴詞：overpass, overlap, overflow, overcome, overtake, overlook, OTC, overhead, overprotect, overcharge, overdraw, overload, overrate, overstateoverwhelmad前綴詞：ad-adapt, advisable, adverse, adequate, adolescent, administrate, adverb, admire, admirable, adore, admit, adopt, adjust, advance, advantage, advocatea前綴詞：accelerate, abbreviate, accommodate, accuse, arrange, affection, appetite, aggressive, arrogant, apparent, alleviate, relieve, associate, attain, assess, allege, attribute, arrest, appreciate, appropriate, approximately根據(jù)詞性組詞：近義詞（一）：transform: Id like to transform（=change） my life.exaggerate: exaggerate(=overstate) the truthjustify: justify my behaviordignify: I would not dignify such a insulting question with a response.近義詞（二）：與工具有關(guān)的：tool（小工具）, appliance（家用電器）, apparatus(大型工具), instrument（精密儀器）, implement（非電驅(qū)動(dòng)的農(nóng)業(yè)用具）, equipment（裝備）, facility（公共場(chǎng)所的設(shè)施）, utility（功能，效用）與聲音有關(guān)的：voice（人的聲音）, utterance（vocal expression,嘴的發(fā)聲）, speech(包括人和動(dòng)物的聲音), sound（自然界的聲音）, pronunciation（發(fā)音，語言學(xué)中的概念）表示情況、事件：incident（突發(fā)事件）, event(大的事件), occasion, situation, condition, circumstances（后4個(gè)詞意思基本相同）表示情況、事件extent（程度）, level（級(jí)別，水平）, rank（秩序）, range(范圍), scope（范圍）, field（科研領(lǐng)域）, district, region(后2個(gè)詞表示行政區(qū)域)方法：way, method, approach, means（4個(gè)詞基本相同）與源泉有關(guān)的：origin（起源）, source（來源）與結(jié)果有關(guān)的：result（結(jié)果）, consequence（后果，often bad result）與“活著的”有關(guān)的：alive（表語形容詞, he is alive）, living（定語形容詞，a living man）, live(現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的), lively(活躍的)表示相似的：same（the same）, similar, alike, identical（非常相似的，一模一樣的）表示正確的：accurate（物理概念上的“準(zhǔn)確”）, exact（事實(shí)的準(zhǔn)確）, definite, precise（后3個(gè)單詞意思相同）近義詞（三）：表示確保：insure, ensure, assureThe assistant assured the manager of his loyalty.He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.表示幾乎不：hardly, barely, scarcely, merely(除“幾乎不”外，還有僅僅的意思), rarely, seldom1. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles_.A. is rarelyB. rarely is C. hardly isD. is scarcely2. Only 1% of the education budget is _ spent on the oldest third of the population.A. currentlyB. barelyC. anxiouslyD. heavily3. But now he uses_ subways and trains. “Its not inconvenient at all,” he says.A. mostlyB. partiallyC. occasionallyD. rarely4. The air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a _ to get a fresh, clean_ of the world.A. space B. period C. chance D. spotA. view B. variety C. visit D. virtue5. It can be said that foreign_ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also_ problems of adjustment both for the university and for the individual.A. situation B. circumstance C. background D. conditionA.carries B. creates C. emerges D. solves 6. The foreign research scholar usually isolates_ in the laboratory as a means of protection.A. himselfB. oneselfC. himD. one7. This is thought to be a_ where further study is called_.A. scope B. range C. field D.districtA.on B.for C.upon D.at8. Theres a_ of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children the grade they deserve.A. drop B.short C. cut D.lack A. acquire B.earn C.gather D. reach 近義詞（四）：1. Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their _. But “you dont want them to feel it has to be _,” she says. Thats not to say parents should _ homework.A. exercises B. defect C. mistakes D. tests A. perfect B. better C. unusual D. completeA. forget B. refuse C. miss D. ignore2. If your child _ has more homework than this, you may want to check _ other parents and then talk to the teacher about _ assignments.A. previously B. rarely C. merely D. consistentlyA. with B. in C. out D. upA. finishing B. lowering C. reducing D. declining3. A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds, and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of_ communication.A. classification B. definition C. function D. perception4. Lets look at this _ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, _ distinguishes man from the rest of the _ world.A. classification B. definition C. function D. perceptionA. that B. it C. as D. whatA. native B. human C. physical D. animal5. Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by _ of cries: for example, many birds utter _ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter _ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.A. ways B. means C. methods D. approachesA. mating B. exciting C. warning D. boringA. identical B. exciting C. different D. unfamiliar6. Students feel _ with things-as-they-are in the classroom. Professors should be _ from reading lecture notes.A. satisfactory B. unsatisfactory C. satisfied D. dissatisfiedA. interfered B. discouraged C. disturbed D. interrupted7. “It makes their _ monotonous.” If they are going to read, why not _ out copies of the lecture. Then we _ need to go to class.A. sounds B. pronunciation C. voices D. gesturesA. hold B. give C. drop D. leaveA. mustnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. wouldnt8. Professors should _ repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook.A. avoid B. prevent C. refuse D. prohibit9. Human brains are the _.No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will _ in size, but this occurs within every race.A. same B. identical C. similar D. alikeA. remain B. increase C. decrease D. vary10. Mental tests which are reasonably _ show no differences in intelligence between races.A. true B. exact C. certain D. accurate11. That “something special” was men-creative individuals who could invent machines, findnew _ of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.A. origins B. discoveries C. base D. sources12. Forcing yourself to recall _ never helps because it doesnt _ your memory.A. merely B. almost C. barely D. hardlyA. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce13. They expect students _ graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference _ in the library.A. particularly B. essentially C. obviously D. rarelyA. selections B. collections C. sources D. origins 14. Professors will help students who need it, but _ that their students should not be _ dependent on them.A. hate B. dislike C. like D. preferA. too B. such C. much D. more介詞用法：vt.的介詞搭配（一）：subj+vt+obj+(prep) obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)astonish：He astonishes us all with his genius. subj+vt+obj+(prep) We are astonished by his genius. obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)fascinate: Her beauty fascinates us most. subj+vt+obj+(prep)We are fascinated by her beauty. obj+be+vt-ed+(prep)oblige:The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees. She was obliged to go. Circumstances oblige me to do that.We are happy to oblige.I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.Please oblige me by closing the door.Please oblige me with your presenceengage: Nothing engages his attention for long.The womans adverse situation engaged our sympathy.Housework engages much of her time.Studying engages most of a serious students time.He was busily engaged in painting the furniture.Brad is engaged to Angelina.vt.的介詞搭配（二）：固定搭配：lose mind，acquire skill/knowledge，withdraw/earn money，set/break record，play role，reach/work out/come to compromise，take something for granted，take something into accountvi.的介詞搭配:fight against, consist of, concentrate on, depend on, correspond with, regardless of, appeal to, apologize for, contribute todistinguish/ discriminate (vt./vi.)distinguish from A and B/ distinguish between A from Bvary /range(vi.)Price of the beer ranged from 5 dollars per bottle to 10 dollars each. (range from A to B)The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade. (range between A and B)The process of choosing names varies widely from person to person.( vary from A to B)n.的介詞搭配:agreement on sthcomment on sthaccess to sth/sbreaction to sth/sbimpression onimpact onin advanceunder threatadj.的介詞搭配:be+adj+(prep)be sensitive to, be abundant in, be sufficient for, be deficient inbe ashamed of, be jealous of, be senior/junior to, be second to, be superior/inferior to, be preferable to試題講解：1. A century ago, _ than five percent of all people lived in cities. _ the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people.A. more B. other C. less D. ratherA. By B. Through C. Along D. To2. Urbanization can _ to social and economic progress, but also put _ on cities to provide housing and _.A. keep B. turn C. lead D. referA. pressure B. load C. restraint D. weightA. surroundings B. communities C. concerns D. services3. The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move _ cities and towns each day.A. onto B. into C. around D. upon4. This is where cities _ quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth.A. expand B. split C. invade D. enlargeA. in B. beyond C. with D. at5Conceptually, e-commerce does not _ from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, “mail order” catalogs, or sending a purchase order to a supplier _ fax.A. distract B. differ C. descend D. deriveA. via B. off C. from D. with6E-commerce follows the same model _ in other business transactions; the difference _ in the details. To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists _ online ordering.A. appeared B. used C. resorted D. served A. situates B. lies C. roots D. locates 7Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources _ young people cannot meet the new _.A. at B. by C. in D. onA. desires B. realms C. needs D. intentions8People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to _ to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition (過渡) _ retirement.A. transform B. yield C. adjust D. suitA. within B. from C. beyond D. to9sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 _ a tax increase.A. liable to B. in terms of C. thanks to D. in view of10in that sales have been decreasing steadily _ time.A. over B. against C. on D. behind11This is especially true _ children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and _ sports programs and make sure that there is easy _ to participation opportunities.A. among B. within C. on D. towardsA. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsorA. access B. entrance C. chance D. route12Children in low-income families and poor communities are _ likely to take organized youth sports.A. little B. less C. more D. much13and reform in the united states _ the beginning of the 20th century.A. for B. with C. over D. at14Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed _ extending mans knowledge of these subjects.A. at B. by C. to D. in15. Most students attend a university mainly to _ the knowledge needed for their chosen _. A. acquire B. accept C. endure D. ensureA. procession B. profession C. possession D. preference16. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the _ one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women _ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge.A. typical B. true C. mere D. onlyA. with B. under C. on D. through17. to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own _. He should be prepared to _ sacrifices to study his chosen _ in depth.A. object B. effect C. course D. sakeA. take B. suffer C. make D. payA. field B. target C. scope D. goal18. He should have an ambition to make some _ contribution to mans knowledge.A. radical B. meaningful C. truthful D. initial19. Large high ways often pass _ scenic areas and interesting small towns.A. to B. into C. over D. by20. In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages _ using foreign faculty _ teaching positions have to be _.A. with B. for C. of D. at A. in B. on C. for D. withinA. thought B. measured C. balanced D. considered21what he needs is to be fitted _ a highly organized university system.A. into B. by C. to D. with22He is faced in his daily work _ differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching.A. toward B. with C. to D. at23in order to _ full advantage of what the newcomer can offerA. take B. make C. do D. be24.Its an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that _ evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy.A. very B. exact C. right D. usual25.Though youve got to get them to do it, _ helping too much, or even examining _ too carefully, you may keep them _ doing it by themselves.A. via B. under C. by D. for A. questions B. answers C. standards D. rules A. off B. without C. beyond D. from 26.“I wouldnt advise a parent to check every _ assignment,” says psychologist John Rosemont.A. single B. piece C. page D. other 27. these various means of communication differ in important ways _ human language.A. about B. with C. from D. in28the great tit (山雀) is a case _ pointA. in B. at C. of D. for近年真題講解：真題講解（一）2005年真題：Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 67 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 68 you money or can add 69 the cost.67. A) fo