陜西省興平市秦嶺中學(xué)高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 名詞性從句學(xué)案(1).doc

陜西省興平市秦嶺中學(xué)2014屆高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 名詞性從句學(xué)案一、名詞性從句的概念、功能與結(jié)構(gòu)概念與功能名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句以及同位語從句，因為這四種從句從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此它們被稱為名詞性從句。結(jié)構(gòu)名詞性從句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：that + clause whether/if + clause 連接代詞（who、whom、whose、what、which）/ 連接副詞（when、where、how、why）+ clause另外，wh-ever (whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever) 也可引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句；as if / as though、because也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。具體用法見下表：引導(dǎo)詞主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句作動詞賓語作介詞賓語that一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略whether/if句首只用whether用whether/if，但有區(qū)別只用whether只用whether只用whether連接代詞/連接副詞都可用，但要注意用陳述句語序wh-everwh-everwh-ever wh-everas if / as thoughas if / as though二、賓語從句三、主語從句概念 作主語的句子叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)詞that從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，常見以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)：it + be + adj. (obvious、true、natural、etc)+ that-clause / it + be + n.（a pity、no wonder、an honour、etc）+ that-clause / it + be + done （said、expected、announced、etc）+ that-clause。 如：1.it is certain that he will do well in the exam. 2.it is a pity that he cannt come. 3.it is reported that the plane has crashed.注意that在口語和非正式文體中可省略，但當(dāng)that位于句首時，絕對不能省略。如：that he will help us is good news to us.whether/if引導(dǎo)主語從句時，句首只能用whether；但當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為it + be + adj. / + n.+ 引導(dǎo)詞時，whether/if都可代替引導(dǎo)詞。如：1.whether we will have a holiday is still a question. 2.it is still a question whether/if we will have a holiday. 3.it is doubtful whether/if he will come.連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時，既可放在句首也可用it作形式主語將其放在句末。如：1.which kind of food is the best is still not certain. 2.it makes no difference where we will have the meeting.wh（連接代詞）-ever引導(dǎo)主語從句，如：1.whichever book he bought would be paid for. 2.whoever did this job must be rewarded.四、表語從句概念 作表語的句子叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不可以省略，如：my idea is that we go there tomorrow.表語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)，如：the problem is whether the the work can be finished on time.連接代詞或連接副詞都可以引導(dǎo)從句作表語，如：1.my question is where we should go. 2. my question is what we should do next.as if / as though和because也可以引導(dǎo)從句作表語，如：1.it looks as if it is going to rain. 2. thats because he didnt work hard enough.注意：because引導(dǎo)的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause，而且since和as不能引導(dǎo)表語從句；如果主語是reason或cause，表語從句用that引導(dǎo)，如：the reason why he was late for school was that his bike was broken on his way to school.六、名詞性從句還需要注意的幾個問題什么時候that 不能省略主語從句中that位于句首時，以及表語從句和同位語從句中的that絕對不能省略；當(dāng)一個句子有兩個或多個并列的賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)第二個以及以后幾個從句的that不能省略，如：he said he would come on time and that he would bring a gift.由it作形式賓語時，在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that不能省略，如：i find it strange that he seldom talk to others.wh（連接代詞）-ever和no matter wh-ever有什么區(qū)別wh（連接代詞）-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而no matter wh-ever只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，如：1.whatever i said, he wouldnt listen to me. = no matter what i said, he wouldnt listen to me.（讓步狀語從句） 2.he would believe whatever i said. （賓語從句）在wh-ever引導(dǎo)的從句中，wh-ever可起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意為“究竟、到底”。如：wherever have you been?你究竟去了哪里？同位語從句和定語從句有什么區(qū)別代詞后面跟的從句一般是定語從句，而名詞后面跟的從句既可能是同位語從句也可能是定語從句。判斷時只需要考慮從句引導(dǎo)詞是否與先行詞意思一致即可，若一樣，為定語從句，反之，則為同位語從句。如：1.the news that our football team won the match was encouraging.（同位語從句） 2.the news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定語從句）(4)名詞性關(guān)系從句名詞性關(guān)系從句實際上是先行詞與在其后的定語從句的結(jié)合。what是最常見用來引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句的詞，此時what = the thing (s) which that，有時what可以用作前置定語，如：what help, what funny stories等。此外，whoever = anyone who；whichever = anyone anything that (whichever也可指人)；whatever = anything that（whichever和whatever也可作定語）。有時where = the place where和when = the time when也可以用來引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句。如：主語從句1.what they need is a good book. 2.whoever did this must be rewarded.3.whichever he likes will be given to him. 4.whatever he bought would be paid for.5.where we should go hasnt been decided. 6.when we should go hasnt been decided.賓語從句1.i can judge by what i know of him. 2.people would praise whoever saved the boy.3.i will like whichever you give me. 4.i will pay for whatever you buy.5.we havent decided where we should go. 6.we havent decided when we should go.表語從句1.this is what he wants to give you. 2.this is where our problem lies.3.tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.同位語從句i gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.另外，名詞性關(guān)系從句還可以作賓語補足語，如：1.well make him whatever he is fit for. 2.ill call the baby whatever name you like. 3.he has made the company what it is today.名詞性從句專項練習(xí)100題1. his success was because of _ he had been working hard.a. that b. the fact which c. the fact that d. the fact2. “is mary from new york city” “i dont know _.”a. from what city does she come from b. from what city she comec. what city does she come from d. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.a. what b. that c. whoever d. whatever4. the reason why i didnt go to shanghai was _ a new job.a. because i got b. because of getting c. i got d. that i got5. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.a. while b. that c. if d. for 6. henry killed the dog. ill ask him why _.a. did he do that b. he did thatc. he did d. he has done so 7. have you seen henry lately my boss wants to know _.a. how he is getting along b. how is he getting alongc. what he is getting along d. what is he getting along8. it is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever9. he asked me _ with me.a. what is the trouble b. what wrong wasc. what was the matter d. what trouble it is10. i am sure _ he said is true.a. that b. about that c. of that d. that what11. when and why he came here _ yet.a. is not known b. are not known c. has not known d. have not bee12. i wonder how much _.a. does the watch cost b. did the watch costc. the watch costed d. the watch costs18. “why did you go to the wrong class, mr. wang”“well, i forget _ i was supposed to go to.”a. which the room b. which room c. what was the room d. what room was it19. output is now six times _ it was before liberation.a. that b. which c. what d. of which20. mary: helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.carol: yes. because shes always saved _.a. what little she earns b. how little she earnsc. for little she earns d. with little she earns21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.a. thatwhat b. whatthat c. thatwhich d. whatwhich22. we gave him _ help we could.a. which b. what c. that d. this23. she is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.a. that b. which c. all what d. all that 24. excuse me would you please tell me _ a. when the sports meet is taken place b. when is the sports meet going to be heldc. when is the sports meet to begin d. when the sports meet is to take place25. do you happen to know _ a. what size shoes he wears b. how big shoes he wearsc. what is the size of his shoes d. what number shoes are his26. this book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.a. how you have observed b. how what you have observedc. that you have observed d. how that you have observed27. where do you think _ a. has he gone b. has he been c. hes gone d. was he28. do you know _ a. how many populations there are in the world b. how much population there is in the worldc. how many the population of the world isd. what the population of the world is29. would you go and see _ outside a. what to take place b. what tom has happenedc. what is happening d. what the matter had been30. the subject of what is interesting is that i do not even know him. is_.a. what b. interesting c. what is interesting d. i31. _ i think he is charles.a. who do you think he is b. do you think who he isc. whom do you think he isd. do you think who he is32. he didnt know which room _.a. they lived b. they lived in c. did they live d. did they live in33. the little boy ate _ his mother gave him.a. that b. which c. whatever d. no matter what34. the city is no longer _. a. what it is b. that it used to be c. which it was d. what it used to be35. my parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.a. which b. that c. what d. all what36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.a. ifdo b. thatdo c. ifdoes d. thatdoes37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of a. whatthat b. thatwhat c. howwhy d. whyhow38. _ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do a. thatwhat b. whatthat c. wherewhich d. whichwhere 39. one of the men held the view _ the book said was right.a. what that b. that what c. that which d. which that40. i have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.a. if b. that c. whether d. which41. “do you know _” “his father is a doctor.”a. what is his father b. who is his fatherc. what his father is d. who his father is 42. is this _ we met each other two years ago a. place b. place in which c. where d. place which43. it _ bob drives badly.a. thinks that b. is thought what c. thought that d. is thought that44. we all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.a. where b. wherever c. that d. that wherever 45. they discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.a. if b. that c. what d. whether46. she asked _.a. what i was doing when she rang me up b. what was i doing when she rang me upc. when she rang me up what i was doing d. when did she ring me up what i was doing47. may i borrow the ring you can take _ you like.a. no matter what b. which c. whichever d. that 48. he said that he was fond of _.a. what beautiful is b. what is beautiful c. beautiful is what d. what it is beautiful49. he insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.a. was, be sent b. is, is sent c. be, was sent d. be, send50. do you know _ he expects will give us a talk a. who b. whom c. that d. whose51. its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.a. if b. that c. whether d. how52. they would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.a. except b. except for c. except that d. but for53. _ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.a. whichever is hard b. no matter what is hardc. what is hard d. all what is hard54. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.a. that b. what c. how d. which55. as the day was fine, i made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.a. we go b. we will go c. should we go d. that we go56. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.a. what, what b. what, that c. that, that d. that, what57. _ you dont like him is none of my business. a. what b. who c. that d. whether58. you cant imagine _ when they received these nice christmas presents.a. how they were excited b. how excited they werec. how excited were they d. they were how excited59. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a. if b. whether c. that d. where60. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.a. what that b. that whatc. why that d. if what61. _is going to do the job will be decided by the party committee.a. that b. why c. how d. who62. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.a. when b. why c. what d. that63. _ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.a. if b. where c. that d. what64. _ he wont go there is clear to all of us.a. how b. what c. why d. this65. _ you come or not is up to you.a. what b. if c. why d. whether66. _ makes mistakes must correct them.a. who b. anyone c. whoever d. anybody67. _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.a. which b. that c. if d. how68.three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-made satellite.a. which b. when c. that d. where69.the problem is _will go to the meeting.a. why b. when c. what d. who70.it looks _ it were going to rain.a. even if b. as if c. even though d. like71.that is _ he likes the place so much.a. that b. what c. why d. how72.that is _ lu xun once lived.a. what b. where c. that d. why73. we thought _ strange that tom did not come yesterday.a. that b. it c. this d. what74.the fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.a. which b. what c. that d. how75.what im considering now _ the money we need.a. is b. are c. were d. was76.can you tell me _ a. who is that gentleman b. that gentleman is who c. who that gentleman is d. whom is that gentleman 77. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.a. anyone b. the person c. whoever d. who78. it is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body.a. that what, when, and how b. thatc. what d. how79. the energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.a. that b. which c. what d. such80. jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.a. why b. that c. how d. why what81. we should think carefully about _ mr. needham said at the meeting.a. that b. what c. which d. x82. can you point out _ two radios are the best a. which b. what c. that d. whether 83. you will easily know _ video recorders (錄相機(jī)) are the same.a. what those b. that of those c. that all of d. which of those84. _ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.a. if b. whether c. what d. when 85. i asked her in english _ she was, and she told me _ she was an actress.a. whothat b. whox c. whatx d. howthat86. she took it for granted _ id be back home an hour ago.a. that b. whether c. if d. when87. we think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.a. for b. that c. when d. how88. now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.a. whether b. if c. x d. that89. at that time i had no idea _ i could hand it to him without being seen.a. if b. how c. which d. that how90. last sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared yet.a. that he would come b. that he will comec. he will c