包裝工程雙語2.doc

一、 單詞互譯Potopdymer 感光樹脂Anilox roll 網(wǎng)紋輥Recrina 復(fù)卷Substrate 承印物Gravure 凹版印刷Offeet 膠印Flexography 承版印刷Screen printing 絲網(wǎng)印刷In tine press Lithography 平版印刷Reliep printing 凸版印刷Stack press 層疊式印刷機(jī)Precondition 預(yù)處理Warpage 翹曲變形Slit 切開Specimen 樣本Slotted box 開槽箱Glue tab Flap 襟翼Score 壓痕Corrugated fiber board 瓦楞紙板Linerboard 面紙Medium 芯紙F(tuán)lute 瓦楞Flute shape 楞形Flute protile 楞型Toke-up factor 瓦楞系數(shù)Fourdriner 長網(wǎng)造紙機(jī)Twin-wire machine 夾網(wǎng)造紙機(jī)Cylinder 圓網(wǎng)造紙機(jī)Antsotropic 各向異性Tencide strength 抗張力強(qiáng)度Calendering 壓Pigment 顏料Sizing 施膠Coating 涂料Ream 令Caliper 厚度Brightness 白度Alignment 定位Hygroex pansive 吸濕膨脹性Tube-style-folding carton 管式折疊紙盒Tray-style-folding carton 盤式折疊紙盒Tetra pak 利樂包Kigid 剛性的Decolorizer 脫色劑Inert 惰性Breakability 易碎性Blank mold 初型膜Impurity 雜質(zhì)Inorganic 無機(jī)的Soda-lime glass 鈉鈣玻璃Borosilicate glass 硼硅酸鹽玻璃Colorant 著色劑Blow mold 成型模Parison 吹塑成型Lob 料滴Funnd 漏斗Anneal 退火Friction lid 摩擦蓋Hinge lid 鉸鏈蓋Thermal praess 熱處理Double seam 二重卷封Draw-and-iron 變薄拉伸Collapsible tube 軟管Leakage 滲漏Expensive pand 膨脹圈Impact extrusion 沖擊抗壓Hermetrc 密封的Clinch 鉤住Bulge 膨脹Aerosd 氣霧劑Polymer 聚合物Thermoplastic 熱塑性塑料Moromer 單體Resh 樹脂Thermoset plastic 熱固性Cross-link 交聯(lián)Biaxial orientation 雙向拉伸Formobility 成型性Feed hopper 供料漏斗Profile extrusion 仿型擠出Stretch 拉伸Blow-film extrusion 擠出吹型薄膜Inflate 膨脹Thermoforming 熱成型Plasticating extruder 塑壓擠出機(jī)二、 填空1、 P33There are many variations on papermaking machines, each imparting its own character to the resulting paper. Only three representative classes will be discussed here: fourdrinier, cylinder, and twin-wire machines.2、P36Depositing a fiber-and-water slurry onto a moving wire belt tends to align fibers in the direction of travel, knows as the machine direction (MD). The direction across the papermaking machine and across the fiber alignment is the cross direction (CD, Figure 3.7).3、P47Corrugated fiberboard, or combined board has two main components: the linerboard and the medium. Both are made of a special kind of heavy paper called containerboard. Linerboard is the flat facing that adheres to the medium. The medium is the wavy, fluted paper between the liners (Figure 4.1).4、P54The puncture test measures the energy required to puncture a board with a triangular pyramidal point affixed to a pendulum arm. “Beach puncture ”(also known as the G.E.punctugated test ) is used mostly to quanify the puncture resistance and stiffness of triplewall corrugated. The box makers stamp on triplewall containers calls for a puncture test rather than a bursting test.5、P67Steel three-piece can be mechanically seamed, bonded with adhesive, welded, or soldered (Figure 5.3). Aluminum cannot be soldered and cannot be welded economically. Welded sanitary three-piece can bodies are therefore made exclusively of steel.6、P68Can ends intended for thermal processing are stamped with a series of circular expansion panels (Figure 5.5). This allows for movement of the end panels so that the contents are able to expand and contract without bulging or otherwise distorting the can.7、P79Uneven cooling can develop substantial stresses in the glass. To reduce internal stresses, the bottle passes through an annealing oven, or “l(fā)ehr”, immediately after removal from the blow mold.7、P83A polymer is created when a large number of identical repeating monomer units are joined together to make a single large polymer molecule (from the Greek “polys”, meaning many, and “meros”, meaning parts ). The “mer” is the smallest repetitive unit in a polymer and for this discussion is based on the carbon atom.8、P86Thermoset plastics are polymers that have not fully completed their polymerization reaction, but do so when activated, usually by heat. The sesulting product is cross-linked and will not be softened again by heat; therefore it cannot be reprocessed or reshaped.9、P87Polymer resins are received at a molding plant in the form of small granules or pellets,similar in appearance to rice. Regardless of the forming process，the first task is to heat and melt the polymer resin pellets into a flowable from. The plasticating extruder is a heavy barrel in which a screw rotates, driving pellets from the feed hopper at one end to the exit port at the other end.聚合物樹脂在成型車間是小顆?；蚱牡男问酱嬖?，在外觀上與大米相似。無論在形成過程中，首要的任務(wù)是加熱和將高分子樹脂顆粒熔成流動(dòng)性的形式。塑化擠出機(jī)是一個(gè)沉重的由螺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)組成的桶，使片材從進(jìn)料斗的一端進(jìn)入另一端出來。10、P132:In a typical flexographic printing station, excess ink is applied to an engraved transfer or anilox .The engravings on the anilox roll meter the correct amount of ink ,depending on the engraving geometry and depth .The ink is transferred to the raised surface of the printing plate attached to the plate cylinder .11、P139：Heat-transfer and hot-stamp printing are similar in that they both use heat to transfer images from a carrier web to the substrate to be decorated. They are both clean processes since there are no inks to dry. Both processes require a substrate that is reasonably heat tolerant.三、 英譯漢1、 P35Cylinder machines dewater furnish at the cylinder and paste a thin layer of fiber against the felt (figure 3.4). The fibers of subsequent layers do not intermingle, and therefore the bond between the layers is week. The dry end is similar to that fourdrinier machine.圓網(wǎng)造紙機(jī)脫水提供氣缸和粘貼一層薄薄纖維毛氈（圖3.4）。隨后的纖維層不交融，因此層與層之間的粘結(jié)是一周。這種干燥方式是相似于長網(wǎng)造紙機(jī)。2、P38If clay-coated paper is passed under highly polished chrome drums that are rotating counter to the paper or faster than the paper speed, the clay coatings will be polished. These papers are referred to as machine-glazed or chrome-coated papers.如果粘土涂覆層經(jīng)過高度光度，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與紙運(yùn)動(dòng)方向相反的或是轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)速度大于紙速的鉻滾齒，那么粘土涂層將會(huì)變得很光亮。這些紙是用作機(jī)械壓光紙或是涂鉻紙。3、P49For instance, in a triple wall board, one layer of medium might be A-flute while the other two layers may be C-flute. Mixing flute profiles in this way allows designers to manipulate the compression strength, cushioning strength and total thickness of the combined board. Figure 4.6 shows common flute profiles.例如，在三瓦楞紙板中，其中一層芯紙是A型瓦楞，然而其他兩層也許是C型瓦楞。以這種方式混合楞型可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)者控制結(jié)合板的抗壓強(qiáng)度，緩沖強(qiáng)度和總厚度。圖4.6表明了普通楞型的特征4、P51A corrugating machine is made of a number of operating stations that take the appropriate linerboards and mediums, shape the flutes, and join the fluted medium to the linerboards.一個(gè)壓瓦楞機(jī)由一系列的操作臺(tái)，采取適當(dāng)面紙和介質(zhì)，然后成型瓦楞，將瓦楞的芯紙置入面板間。At the single-facer station (Figure 4.7), medium is preconditioned with heat and steam to make it pliable and capable of being formed into a fluted configuration.在單瓦楞機(jī)站（圖4.7），用熱量和蒸汽預(yù)處理介質(zhì)，使其柔軟形成一個(gè)有凹槽的配置。5、P68Sanitary food cans that may be thermally processed have head patterns embossed into the can sidewalls to improve resistance to collapse because of external pressure. This prevents collapse (paneling) during pressure differentials is encountered during retorting and enables the can to withstand an internal vacuum. Sidewall beading requires more material, reduces top-to-bottom compression strength, and complicates labeling. Many sidewall bead geometries are designed to maximize hoop strength while minimizing the accompanying problems.食品衛(wèi)生罐頭可熱加工成環(huán)筋壓印的側(cè)壁，可以提高因外部壓力抗壓潰能力。這可以防止崩潰（板）在壓差過程中遇到干餾使其承受內(nèi)部真空度。罐身環(huán)筋需要更多的材料，減少頂部和底層抗壓強(qiáng)度，便于貼標(biāo)。許多罐身環(huán)筋幾何形狀旨在最大限度地提高壓潰強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)最大限度地減少附帶的問題。衛(wèi)生食品可熱加工罐側(cè)壁已可以提高抗倒塌，因?yàn)橥饷椎膲毫χ楦〉駡D案。這可以防止崩潰在壓力差（板）干餾過程中遇到的使能承受內(nèi)部的真空。邊墻珠需要更多的材料，減少從高端到低端的壓縮強(qiáng)度和復(fù)雜標(biāo)簽。許多側(cè)壁珠幾何圖形，旨在最大限度地提高強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)最大限度地減少伴隨的問題。6、P70The bottom of a D&I can has the same thickness as the starting disk; however, the sidewalls are considerably reduced in thickness, and the metal area of the final can is greater than that of the initial disk. Necking operations reduce the diameter of the can top, thereby reducing the end-piece diameter. This results in significant metal saving, since the end piece is much thicker than the sidewalls.變薄拉伸的底部可以用相同厚度作為磁盤的開始;然而，側(cè)壁厚度大大減少，最后金屬面積大于原始的磁盤?？s頸操作減少最高能頂?shù)闹睆?，從而降低了最后一片直徑。這將導(dǎo)致金屬儲(chǔ)蓄自最后一塊比側(cè)壁較厚。7、P79Typical production rates range from 60 to 300 bottles per minute, depending on the number of section in a machine, the number of gobs being extruded, and the size of the container.典型的生產(chǎn)速率范圍從60到300個(gè)瓶子每分鐘，這取決于在一臺(tái)機(jī)器一些部分，被擠壓的采空區(qū)，容器的大小等。The blown bottle is removed from the blow mold with takeout tongs and placed on a dead plate to air cool for a few moments before transfer to a conveyor that transports it to the annealing oven.用取出夾具把成形瓶從成型模中移出并放置在一個(gè)灰暗的盒子里進(jìn)行自然冷卻一段時(shí)間，然后再轉(zhuǎn)移到能將其運(yùn)輸?shù)酵嘶馉t的傳送裝置中。8、P85A monomer can join to itself to form a complex polymer structure in a number of ways. The monomer units can simply join into each other to form long chains as in a thermoplastic, or they can cross-link between the chains in a three-dimensional pattern, resulting in a thermoset plastic.單體可以在若干步驟后自己連結(jié)形成復(fù)雜的聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。單體單元可以簡單地加入到彼此形成長鏈作為熱塑性塑料，也可以在三維圖案中鏈間交聯(lián)形成熱固性塑料。9、P91:The extruder section of an injection molding machine must have provision for ejecting a precise amount , or “ shot, ” of polymer melt into the mold as required .Ram-screw-type machines use a melt conveyance screw designed to provide reciprocal as well as rotary motion .combining the function of screw and piston.注射成型機(jī)器的擠出部分必須有或逐出按要求所需的聚合融熔物的精確量或范圍。桿式螺旋機(jī)使用熔融物傳送螺桿提供相互的旋轉(zhuǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，將桿及活塞的功能結(jié)合在一起。對(duì)于注射熔融聚合物其他的機(jī)器有獨(dú)立的活塞模型的內(nèi)凹處與所需要的形狀一致。因而，當(dāng)冷卻后，將模型打開所需部分就被擠出。10、P135: Paper for lithographic printing needs to have a certain amount of water resistance since some water may be transferred from the plate dampening system. Paper stocks also need a strong, clean surface with good anchorage of surface fiber and clay coatings to resist being picked or pulled apart by the heavy paste inks as the blanket roll lifts from the substrate surface.平版印刷紙需要有一定量的的抗水性能，因?yàn)橐恍┧赊D(zhuǎn)移板塊抑制系統(tǒng)。紙材還需要一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的，干凈的表面，具有固定的表面纖維和粘土涂料抵制被拖著沉重的漿狀油墨除了從基板表面毯輥離開。四、 段落1、P48Flutes come in several standard shapes or flute profiles (A,B,C,E,F,etc.).A-flute was the first to be developed and is the largest common flute profile. B-flute was next and is much smaller. C-flute followed and is between A and B in size. E-flute is smaller than B and F-flute is smaller yet. 瓦楞有幾種級(jí)別的楞形或楞型（A,B,C,E,F）A型瓦楞是最先被發(fā)展的最大普通型楞型。B型次之，比A型小點(diǎn)，C型大小屈于A型與B型之間。E型比B型小點(diǎn)，F(xiàn)型最小。 In addition to these five most common profiles, new flute profiles-both larger and smaller than those listed here-are being created for more specialized boards. Generally, larger flute profiles deliver greater vertical compression strength and cushioning. Smaller flute profiles provide enhanced structural and graphics capabilities for primary (retail) packaging. 除了這五種普通楞型，更大或更小的新型瓦楞可用于制造更多的特殊紙板?？傮w看來，越大的瓦楞型號(hào)能承受更大的垂直抗壓強(qiáng)度和緩沖力。越小的瓦楞型號(hào)為初級(jí)包裝提供剛性和可印刷性。 Different flute profiles can be combined in one piece of combined board. For instance, in a triple wall board, one layer of medium might be A-flute while the other two layers may be C-flute. Mixing flute profiles in this way allows designers to manipulate the compression strength, cushioning strength and total thickness of the combined board. Figure 4.6 shows common flute profiles.不同的楞型可以結(jié)合成同一紙板。例如，在三瓦楞紙板中，其中一層芯紙是A型瓦楞，然而其他兩層也許是C型瓦楞。以這種方式混合楞型可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)者控制結(jié)合板的抗壓強(qiáng)度，緩沖強(qiáng)度和總厚度。圖4.6表明了普通楞型的特征2、 P53Edgewise compression test (TAPPI T 811)邊壓測試In an edgewise compression test (ECT), a small specimen (2in .2in.) is placed between the platens of a compression tester and loaded until failure occurs. figure 4.9(b). Edgewise compression values are a function of the stiffness contributed by the facings and the medium. ECT values have a direct relationship to the projected stacking strength.在邊壓試驗(yàn)（ECT）中，一個(gè)小樣品（2英寸2英寸）被放置在一個(gè)壓縮測試儀的壓盤上，直到發(fā)生故障。 圖4.9（b）。邊壓值是一個(gè)函數(shù)所提供的剛度和介質(zhì)襯片。變壓測試的值預(yù)計(jì)和堆碼強(qiáng)度有直接的關(guān)系。One objection to the Mullen burst test is that it has no relationship to a boxs compression strength, while a number of formulas have been devised that relate ECT values to expected box compression strength.對(duì)于一個(gè)異常的馬倫爆破試驗(yàn)，它與箱子的壓縮強(qiáng)度沒有關(guān)系，而與公式中的邊壓強(qiáng)度值與預(yù)計(jì)箱子抗壓強(qiáng)度相關(guān)。Carrier rule changes allow either Mullen values or ECT values to specify the boards used to construct a corrugated container. The majority of shippers choose to use ECT values.運(yùn)營商習(xí)慣改變爆破值或邊壓強(qiáng)度值用來制造瓦楞紙箱板。大多數(shù)托運(yùn)商選擇使用的邊壓強(qiáng)度值。Flat crush test (TAPPI T 808)平壓強(qiáng)度The flat crush test is similar to the edge compression test except that the specimen is compressed in the flat figure 4.9(c). The test provides a measure of flute rigidity.平壓測試是類似于邊壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)，區(qū)別在于樣品被壓縮在平面上圖4.9（c）。該測試提供了瓦楞強(qiáng)度的措施。3、 P68All three-piece can bodies are pressure tested and have the ends flanged to receive the can top and bottom ends. The can maker applies one can end and sends the other end to the use for double seaming after the can is filled.所有三片式罐身壓力測試翻邊可以接受頂部和底部的兩端。制造商應(yīng)用一個(gè)可以終止并傳送到另一端使雙縫填滿。Sanitary food cans that may be thermally processed have head patterns embossed into the can sidewalls to improve resistance to collapse because of external pressure. This prevents collapse (paneling) during pressure differentials is encountered during retorting and enables the can to withstand an internal vacuum. Sidewall beading requires more material, reduces top-to-bottom compression strength, and complicates labeling. Many sidewall bead geometries are designed to maximize hoop strength while minimizing the accompanying problems.衛(wèi)生食品可熱加工罐側(cè)壁已可以提高抗倒塌，因?yàn)橥饷椎膲毫χ楦〉駡D案。這可以防止崩潰在壓力差（板）干餾過程中遇到的使能承受內(nèi)部的真空。邊墻珠需要更多的材料，減少從高端到低端的壓縮強(qiáng)度和復(fù)雜標(biāo)簽。許多側(cè)壁珠幾何圖形，旨在最大限度地 強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)最大限度地減少伴隨的問題。Can ends intended for thermal processing are stamped with a series of circular expansion panels (Figure 5.5). This allows for movement of the end panels so that the contents are able to expand and contract without bulging or otherwise distorting the can. The chuck panel is designed to give the proper clearance to the double-seaming chuck used to seal the can end to the body. A vital can-end component is the compound applied around the perimeter curl. This compound acts as a caulking sealant when the end is mated and double-seamed to the can body (Figure 5.6 and Figure 5.7)罐頭端頭預(yù)計(jì)用熱處理壓了一系列膨脹圓（圖5.5）。這讓端板移動(dòng)以便內(nèi)裝物能夠擴(kuò)大和收縮而不膨脹或變形。夾盤板旨在給予適當(dāng)空隙在雙縫夾頭中用來密封罐端部分和身體。一個(gè)重要罐端部分是圍繞卷曲物的化合物。這種化合物作為專用填隙密封膠嚙合雙縫罐身（圖5.6和圖5.7）4、P89The properties of cast and blown film and sheet can be improved by physically orienting the polymer molecules .Cast sheet is oriented in the machine direction by being pulled away faster than it is extruder ,thus stretching it in the machine direction .This is usually accomplished by passing the cast film through a series of rolls ,each roll rotating progressive faster than the previous roll .擠出模和吹脹膜及片材的特性可以通過物理定向聚合物分子來提高，擠出片材在縱向的定向是橫向拉伸速度快于其擠出速度來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，因而在橫向拉伸它，這通常是將擠出模通過一系列滾子而得以完成實(shí)現(xiàn)的，每一個(gè)滾子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)速度都要比前一個(gè)滾子快。Cross-or transverse-direction orientation is done in a tenter frame .Clips traveling down diverging tracks grasp the film along each edge and stretch it in the cross direction up to about seven times its original cast width .Film oriented in two directions is said to have “biaxial orientation”.橫向定向進(jìn)行拉伸裝置。夾子沿增幅導(dǎo)軌夾住薄膜邊緣，拉伸交叉方向到原來的七倍左右寬度。夾子沿增幅導(dǎo)軌夾住薄膜邊緣，拉伸交叉方向到原來的七倍左右寬度。薄膜這兩個(gè)方向被稱為具有“雙向拉伸”。Both machine-and cross-direction orienting are done at somewhat elevated temperatures .If the stretching and cooling processes are rapid ,the film will retain some memory of its original dimensions .It will want to return to those dimensions if reheated ;in effect ,it will be a “shrink plastid “.Oriented films are heat-stabilized by keeping them at the elevated temperature (annealing) for a brief time .兩個(gè)機(jī)械以及橫向定向使溫度有所上升。如果快速拉伸和冷卻，該薄膜將保留一些原始尺寸。它將要返回的原來的尺寸，如果重新加熱效果，這將是一個(gè)“收縮薄膜”。定向薄膜熱定形短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)保持他們?cè)诟邷兀ㄍ嘶穑?。Blown film is oriented by adjusting the inflation ration and take-away speed relative to the tube