高考英語考前知識點查漏(一).doc

高考英語考前知識點查漏一a great/good many: a large number of 許多.修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù).Im quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙,我有很多事要做.若復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有限定詞或其修飾的為代詞時,應(yīng)加of .A great many of the books have been sold out. 已經(jīng)賣了很多書了.A great many of them are out of work.他們很多人失業(yè)了.able (可以的,有能力的,可能的)He is an able man.那人本事不小.enable (v)使能We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties. disable:有殘疾的,不能干的;the disabled表示一類人(殘疾人)able作詞輟時可以的,值得的(有被動含義)eatable可食用的,measurable可以測量,估計的;readable可讀的其他含義:conformable舒適的,安逸的;suitable 合適的,恰當(dāng)?shù)腶bove,over,on三個詞都可以表示在上,但用法不同.On表示與某物體表面接觸;over表示在某物體垂直的上方,含布滿,覆蓋,跨越之意,與under 相對;above表示位置高于,但不一定垂直,與below相對.注意:與數(shù)字,數(shù)量,長度詞連用時,多用over,同more than.如:over10,000people一萬多人;表示年齡,刻度多用above,如a man above fifty五十開外的人;above zero零度以上.習(xí)慣用語:well above average遠(yuǎn)在一般以上;above sea-level海拔以上;the one above上面的一個;above all首先,尤其重要的是;over there 那邊; all over 遍及;over again 再一遍;over and over再三地高考點擊There lay an umbrella_the table and some raincoats _it.The mother held an umbrella_the boys head so that the sun wouldnt burn him. There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying_the city.The moon was_the trees in the east.on under over over overabove all 首先,特別是,最重要的是after all 到底,畢竟at all (用來加強語氣)與not連用,表示一點也不,完全不.in all 總共all but 幾乎,差點沒(=almost,nearly)We have _finished the work.The day turned out fine_.Children need many things ,but _they need love.He wasnt _ tired.Do you feel ill at all(真的,確實) There were twenty _at the party.all but After all above all at all in allevent一般指重大事件.accident多指意外或偶然發(fā)生的事故,特別是不幸的,有損害性的事故.incident相對于accident來說,顯得不很重要,指小事件,它還可以用來表示事變,如叛亂,爆炸等.如:The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current _.廣播員正在播報時事新聞.He was badly injured in the traffic _.在那起交通事故中,他嚴(yán)重受傷.There was an_ on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那輛公共汽車上發(fā)生了一件事,有個人和售票員打了起來.Have you heard of Xian Incident 你聽說過西安事變嗎 accident/event/ incidenteventsaccidentincidentadmit vt.接納,許可進(jìn)入(allow sb./sth.to enter)He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.承認(rèn),后可接名詞,doing,從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.advice建議;勸告.是不可數(shù)名詞,一條建議應(yīng)用a piece of advice.常用結(jié)構(gòu).give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提(關(guān)于的)建議;忠告某人.ask(sb.)for advice征求意見.Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關(guān)于如何學(xué)好外語,馬克思給我們提了些好建議.If you take /follow my advice,youll pass the exam.如果你聽從我的建議,你會考試及格的.Lets ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見吧.admire(= respect / praise)vt.羨慕,欽佩,夸獎admire sb.(for sth.)佩服某人某事Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.去北京的游人極其羨慕我們的故宮.I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧.別忘了夸獎孩子.對比:envy(= jealous)vt.嫉妨,羨慕envy sb.(sth.)嫉妒/羨慕某人某事We all envy you your good future.我們都很羨慕你的好運.advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事(suggest不這樣用) I advise you to take the chance. What do you advise me to do 你建議我怎么辦 I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我勸你不要灰心,繼續(xù)干.advise 還可同suggest一樣,后接名詞,代詞,動名詞(短語)和that從句(用虛擬語氣)作賓語.What would you advise 你有什么建議嗎 I advise you an early start我建議你早點出發(fā).I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開一次會議來討論這個問題.I advise you (should) go to once.我建議你馬上去.advise ,persuade persuade sb. to do sth.意為說服某人做某事,強調(diào)勸說成功,說服;advise sb. to do sth. 意為勸說某人做某事,不涉及勸說是否有效,相當(dāng)于try to persuade sb. to do sth.如:The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.醫(yī)生說服我爸爸戒了煙.The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.醫(yī)生勸我爸爸戒煙,但沒成功.advise; suggestadvise 與suggest 都可作建議講,二者用法有同有異.(1)相同點表示建議做某事,advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型: + 名詞 + 動名詞 + that從句(從句中常用should加動詞原形,should可以省略.eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.(注:只要是用從句表示建議該做的事,從句中就可用should+動詞原形,should可以省略.)上面的第三句可轉(zhuǎn)化為:It was suggested that we (should) start early.What he suggested was that we(should) start early.His suggestion was that we (should) start early.(2)不同點advise后可以跟人稱代詞作賓語,而suggest后不可以跟人稱代詞作賓語.故可以說:advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that.前三種結(jié)構(gòu)中不可將advise改為suggest,如:他建議我們?nèi)⒂^博物館.正He advised us to go to visit the museum.誤He suggested us to go to visit the museum.誤He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.suggest還有暗示,表明,說,指出(一個事實)的意思.此時從句中用陳述語氣,不用虛擬語氣.如:The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個事實,故用陳述語氣.)比較:Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事,從句中用should加動詞原形,should在從句中省略.)affect(=have an effect on sth.)vt.影響(effect n.影響)This may affect your health.這或許會影響你的健康.My throat is always affected by bad weather.我的嗓子總是受惡劣天氣的影響.afraid1)be afraid of+名詞,意為害怕.2)be afraid of doing sth意為擔(dān)心,害怕.3)be afraid for意為為擔(dān)心.4)be afraid that意為擔(dān)心,恐怕.5)be afraid to do 意為害怕,擔(dān)心而不敢做某事.6)Im afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會這樣應(yīng)用完成句子女孩子一般都怕蛇.Girls are usually_ _snakes.他怕把杯子打碎,因而很小心.He was careful because he was afraid_ _the glass.你不為自己的安全擔(dān)心嗎 Are you afraid_your safety 恐怕她會迷路.I am _ _she will lose her way.湯姆把錢丟了,也不敢告訴他母親.Tom lost the money and was afraid_ _his mother.afraid of of breakingforafraid thatto tellagain and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過去.age(1)n.年齡,時代,時期The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old. 那位老人80歲時去世了.He is young for his age.就他的年齡而論,他是年輕的.What is the age of the church 這座教堂多少年了 He was the greatest poet of the age.他是那個時代最偉大的詩人.(2)vi./vt. 變老He is aging fast. Worry ages a man.他老得很快.憂慮令人老!I found him greatly aged.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他老多了.拓展:(1)adj. aged歲的,年老的a boy aged ten 一個10歲的男孩an aged man老人(2)人生的七期babyinfantchildyouthmanhoodmiddle ageold age嬰兒/0幼兒7兒童12青年28壯年40中年65老年agree (1)agree on 對取得一致意見或達(dá)成協(xié)議,一般表示原雙方共同商討以后達(dá)成協(xié)議的名詞).主語必須是兩者以上.也常用被動語態(tài),表示(某事)是大家都同意的. 如: They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對下次會議的日期他們達(dá)成了一致意見.At last,the plan was agreed on. 最后,這項計劃通過了.I dont agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.我不贊同你在這件事的安排,但或許在協(xié)商之后我們可以就這個工程達(dá)成共識.(2)agree to 同意;贊成.to 為介詞,后接表示建議;辦法;計劃等名詞.Do you agree to my plan 你同意我的計劃嗎 The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長同意了我們度假的建議.(3)agree with同意;贊成.后接sb. 或what 從句.I agree with you ,but I dont agree with what he said.我同意你的意見,但我不同意他所說的. 另外,agree with還有與相適應(yīng)/相一致的意思.The climate here doesnt agree with me .我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候.(4)agree to do sth.同意,答應(yīng)做某事.Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money 如果我們答應(yīng)借錢給你,你同意和我們一起去嗎 ahead短語歸納go ahead朝前走,請便(同意對方繼續(xù)干或同意對方的請求);go ahead (on)with 繼續(xù);ahead of在前面,早于,優(yōu)先;ahead of time提前應(yīng)用完成句子他朝前走去看看發(fā)生了什么事情.He _ _ to see what had happened.went ahead我可以坐這個座位嗎 請坐吧.May I take this seat _ _.湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比瑪麗好.Tom is _ _ Mary in maths.她比我早到2個小時.She arrived two hours _ _me.他們已提前三周完成了設(shè)計.They have completed the design _ _ _ _time.Go aheadahead of ahead ofThree weeks ahead of alive,living,live,lively,lovely區(qū)別1)lovely意可愛的,美好的如:a lovely day , a lovely girl 可愛的女孩2)alive 意為活著的,有活力的,是表語形容詞,可修飾人,物;在句中做表語賓補和或后置定詞,不能用作前置定語.如He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往醫(yī)院時還活著.Although he is old, he is still very much alive.雖然年老了,但他仍十分活躍.The fish is still alive/living.那條魚還活著.Keep him alive, please.請讓他活下去吧.He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活著的人.After the war , he remained alive .戰(zhàn)后他還活著.Those alive will gather here. 活著的人將在