新GRE閱讀36套解析rise8.docx

Exercise 8 Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant制冷劑 that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed loop閉合環(huán)路. The refrigerant, starting as a low temperature, low-pressure vapor, enters a compressor壓縮機(jī) driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser冷凝劑, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air. (126 words) 1. According to the passage, the role of the flow restriction in a heat pump is to (A) measure accurately the flow rate of the refrigerant mass at that point (B) compress and heat the refrigerant vapor (C) bring about the evaporation and cooling of refrigerant【Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts 10 a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled.】 (D) exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air at that point (E) reverse the direction of refrigerant flow when needed Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal焦點(diǎn) pointsperiods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible可被采納，可被接受的 and adequate proof. The recent popular psychohistory, committed to Freudian psychoanalysis, takes a radically different approach. This commitment precludes排除了 a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its facts not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces推斷 its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable可以評(píng)價(jià)的 by, all historians. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of達(dá)不到，缺乏 the truth. 2. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage? (A) The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue正在流行的 even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.【這道題雖然選對(duì)了，但是確實(shí)看了5個(gè)選項(xiàng)后才又重新看的A，是因?yàn)閕n vogue這個(gè)詞沒理解】 (B) Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohis- torians. (C) Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians. (D) The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life. (E) History is composed of unique and nonrepeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidence. 3. The author of the passage puts the word deepest in quotation marks most probably in order to (A) question the usefulness of psychohistorians insights into traditional historical scholarship (B) draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians method (C) emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistorians (D) disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians claims from her opinion of their method (E) signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claims for their work 【It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable可以評(píng)價(jià)的 by, all historians. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of達(dá)不到，缺乏 the truth.】 【一般in order to 這種題都是看上下文的，上文說(shuō)它打破了基本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：別人可以評(píng)價(jià)可以接受的evidence, 從而自己推理absolute rightness of their own theories，而且上一個(gè)題也表明了作者有所保留的態(tài)度】 PS【英語(yǔ)里引號(hào)一般只有兩個(gè)意思：1.引用 2.反語(yǔ)，在這里就是一個(gè)反語(yǔ)】 Eight percent of the Earths crust is aluminum, and there are hundreds of aluminum-bearing含鋁的 minerals and vast quantities of the rocks that contain them. The best aluminum ore is bauxite, defined as aggregates of aluminous minerals, more or less impure, in which aluminum is present as hydrated oxides含水氧化物. Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminous rocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields alumina氧化鋁, the intermediate product required for the production of aluminum. Alumina also occurs naturally as the mineral corundum剛玉, but corundum is not found in large deposits of high purity, and therefore it is an impractical source for making aluminum. Most of the many abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals are silicates硅酸鹽, and, like all silicate minerals, they are refractory, resistant to analysis, and extremely difficult to process. The aluminum silicates are therefore generally unsuitable alternatives to bauxite because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them. (153 words) 4. The author implies that a mineral must either be or readily supply which of the following in order to be classified as an aluminum ore? 【注意提問方式：題目里有imply，表示不是表面上寫的那個(gè)，所以定位在“The best aluminum ore is bauxite.” 就是錯(cuò)的。 事實(shí)上，題干問的是：一種物質(zhì)應(yīng)該是什么或者應(yīng)該容易提供什么，這種物質(zhì)才能被定義為鋁礦石？定位在Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminousrocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields alumina, the intermediate product required for the production of aluminum 也就是說(shuō)，氧化鋁是產(chǎn)生鋁的必不可少的中間環(huán)節(jié)，imply 了mineral 想要煉鋁，都要產(chǎn)生或者就是alumina；這一點(diǎn)在最后一句：because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them 中也有體現(xiàn)】(A) An aggregate (B) Bauxite (C) Alumina (D) Corundum (E) An aluminum silicate For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply 5. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions regarding aluminous minerals A Are aluminum-bearing nonbauxite minerals plentiful? 【Most of the many abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals are silicates硅酸鹽】其實(shí)沒啥準(zhǔn)確定位B Do the aluminous minerals found in bauxite contain hydrated oxides? C Are aluminous hydrated oxides found in rocks? 6. The author implies that corundum would be used to produce aluminum if (A) corundum could be found that is not contaminated by silicates (B) the production of alumina could be eliminated as an intermediate step in manufacturing aluminum (C) many large deposits of very high quality corundum were to be discovered 【but corundum is not found in large deposits of high purity, and therefore it is an impractical source for making aluminum.】(D) new technologies were to make it possible to convert corundum to a silicate (E) manufacturers were to realize that the worlds supply of bauxite is not unlimited Tillie Olsens fiction and essays have been widely and rightly acknowledged, particularly by contemporary feminists, as major contributions to American Line literature. Yet few of Olsens readers realize the extent to which her vision and choice of subject are rooted in an earlier literary heritagethe tradition of radical political thought, mostly socialist and anarchist, of the 1910s and 1920s, and the Old Left tradition of the 1930s. I do not mean that one can adequately explain the eloquence of her work in terms of its political origins, or that left-wing politics were the single most important influence on it. My point is that its central consciousnessits profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples livesowes much to that earlier literary heritage. (126 words) For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply 7. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true of the heritage mentioned in the passage? 【？】A It emphasizes gender as the determinate influence on peoples lives. B It includes political traditions that span three decades of the twentieth century. C It has been the most important influence on Olsens work. 8. Select the sentence in which the author denies possible interpretations of an earlier assertion. 【注意審題，問的是作者否定的那種對(duì)他先前的論斷的解讀，自己選的是an earlier assertion，問的是作者對(duì)其的補(bǔ)充，這類題錯(cuò)了不少，主要原因都是沒搞懂問的到底是啥，(v)嗯，要注意】Yet few of Olsens readers realize the extent to which her vision and choice of subject are rooted in an earlier literary heritagethe tradition of radical political thought, mostly socialist and anarchist, of the 1910s and 1920s, and the Old Left tradition of the 1930s. I do not mean that one can adequately explain the eloquence of her work in terms of its political origins, or that left-wing politics were the single most important influence on it.Our visual perception depends on the reception of energy reflecting or radiating from that which we wish to perceive. If our eyes could receive and measure infinitely delicate sense-data, we could perceive the world with infinite precision. The natural limits of our eyes have, of course, been extended by mechanical instruments; telescopes and microscopes, for example, expand our capabilities greatly. There is, however, an ultimate limit beyond which no instrument can take us; this limit is imposed by our inability to receive sense- data smaller than those conveyed by an individual quantum of energy. (97 words) 9. Which of the following describes a situation most analogous to the situation discussed in the last sentence? (A) A mathematician can only solve problems the solution of which can be deduced from known axioms. (B) An animal can respond to no command that is more complicated syntactically than any it has previously received. (C) A viewer who has not learned, at least intuitively, the conventions of painting, cannot understand perspective in a drawing. (D) A sensitized film will record no detail on a scale that is smaller than the grain of the film. (E) A shadow cast on a screen by an opaque object will have a sharp edge only if the light source is small or very distant. Of Homers two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than the Iliad伊利亞特, perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Macks 5 categories) is life-as-spectacle奇觀, for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without外面，外在; the tragic悲劇的 Iliad, however, presents life-as- experience: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. In addition, the Iliad, more than the Odyssey, suggests the complexity of the gods involvement in human actions, and to the extent that modern readers find this complexity a needless complication, the Iliad is less satisfying than the Odyssey, with its simpler scheme of divine justice. Finally, since the Iliad presents a historically verifiable action, Troy特洛伊s siege, the poem raises historical questions that are absent from the Odysseys blithely imaginative world. (148 words) 10. The author uses Macks categories (lines 4-5) most probably in