遼寧省法庫縣東湖第二初級中學九年級英語上冊 Chapter 1 Protecting the innocent Language教案1 牛津沈陽版.doc

chapter 1 protecting the innocent language重點語法動詞不定式 (infinitive) 由“to + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“not to + 動詞原形”。但有時也可以不加 to。不定式可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的用法一）作主語不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動作。如：to learn a foreign language is not easy. 學習一種外語是不容易的。1復(fù)合不定式短語作主語時，由于不定式短語較長，而后面的表語就顯得很短，因此用it作形式主語，把不定式放在表語后面做真實主語如： its not easy to learn a foreign language well. (=to learn a foreign language well is not easy.) 學好一門外語不容易。 在此句型中，如果要說明動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可在不定式前加一個for 引起的短語，作不定式的邏輯主語。如： its difficult for us to finish the work. 對我們來說，完成這項工作很困難。 its hard for me to answer your question. 要我回答你的問題很難。 2如果表語是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite 等描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，則應(yīng)在不定式前加一個of 引起的短語。如： its very kind of you to help me.你能幫我，真好。注意：of sb.和for sb.這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)還有一個區(qū)別，在of sb.結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用sb.直接作句子的主語來改寫成“its形容詞of sb.動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較： its foolish of him to go alone. (=he was foolish to go alone.) 他單獨出去太傻了。its kind of you to give me the book. (=you are kind to give me the book.) 你給我這本書，真是太好了。for sb.結(jié)構(gòu)則不能這樣轉(zhuǎn)換。例如，不可以說：we are difficult to finish the work. 二）作賓語即不定式直接跟在謂語動詞后,是謂語動詞涉及的直接對象.如果沒有這個不定式,這個句子的意思就讓人難以理解.。如：he wanted to go. 他想去。1 能直接帶不定式作賓語的及物動詞主要有: want, tell ,ask , learn , begin , start , hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer ,seem , order ,understand , teach, beg, would like , plan , decide，plan，desire，expect， promise，agree，manage, arrange, prefer 等.2不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。如：i find it interesting to study history. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學習歷史有意思。3但有些動詞后通常跟-ing 分詞。如：enjoy , finish ,practice, consider, admit. deny. suggest, avoid, excuse, mind, keep, imagine, continue 等 would you mind opening the window ? 你介意打開窗戶嗎？4有些動詞既可以接不定式又可以接-ing分詞,但意思有很大區(qū)別。 如，1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5）try to do努力、企圖做某事try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法6) mean to do打算，有意要mean doing意味著7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）lets go on studying lesson 6. （讓我們繼續(xù)學第六課。說明前面已學了一部分。）lets go on to study lesson 6. （讓我們接著學第六課。說明前面已學了第五課。）i remember doing the exercise. （我記得做過練習。）i must remember to do it. （我必須記著做這事。）i tried not to go there. （我設(shè)法不去那里。）i tried doing it again. （我試著又干了一次。）stop speaking. （不要講話。）he stopped to talk. （他停下來講話。）三）作賓語補足語如：he asked me to do the work with him. 他叫我和他做這項工作。能用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask , tell , get ,order ，would like ,want , teach , show , allow , encourage ,warn ,wish , invite ,等.注意： （1）作動詞let, make , have, feel ,hear, listen to, see , watch , notice , 等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式不帶to. 如： let him do the work. 讓他做這項工作。（2）作動詞help的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式可帶to,也可不帶to. he didnt help me（to）mend the bike. 他沒有幫我修自行車。（3）動詞不定式在介詞but后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。如：she could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也不能做。四）作定語 不定式作定語時，通常是要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：i have some books to read. 我有一些書要讀。注意：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：there is nothing to worry about. 沒有擔心的事。he is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找個房間住。please give me a knife to cut with. 請給我把小刀來切。五）作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。如： i came here to see you. （目的） 我來這看你。we were very excited to hear the news. （原因） 聽到這個消息我們很興奮。he hurried to the school to find nobody there. （結(jié)果） 他匆忙去學校在那沒有找到人。注意（1）不定式做結(jié)果狀語用在 tooto. 和 enough to的結(jié)構(gòu)中可以和 sothat轉(zhuǎn)換如， the problem is so difficult that we cant work it out. the problem is too difficult for us to work out. the problem is not easy enough for us to work out. 這道題如此難我們沒有算出它。(2) 不定式做目的狀語用在in order to 和 so as to的結(jié)構(gòu)中可以和 so that轉(zhuǎn)換。 如，i got up early so as /in order to catch the bus.i got up early so that i could catch the bus.為了趕上公共汽車我起得如此早。(3) 不定式做原因狀語，通常跟在形容詞后面。如：i am very glad to hear it. 聽到這件事我很高興。 能帶不定式作狀語的形容詞有: glad ,happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , hard六）作表語不定式做表語說明主語的性質(zhì)。如：my job is to help the patient. 我的工作是幫助病人。七）不定式與疑問詞who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。如： how to solve the problem is very important. （主語） 怎樣解決問題是很重要的。the question is how to use the computer.（表語）問題是怎樣使用電腦。 he didnt know what to say. （賓語） 他不知道說什么。1.不定式與疑問詞who，which，when，where，how，what等連用構(gòu)成特殊的不定式短語，其作用相當于一個從句，這樣的不定式短語常在某些動詞后面作賓語。 i dont know what to do next. = i dont know what i should do next . 我不知道下一步做什么。2常見的可以接這種不定式短語的動詞有：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。 注意：在與why連用時，只用于why或why not開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。例如：why not have a rest ? 為什么不休息一下呢？八）動詞不定式的否定形式: not to動詞原形 tell him not to be late. 告訴他不要遲到。 i will try not to read in bed. 我設(shè)法不在床上讀書。九）動詞不定式省略to的場合:1.作動詞let, make , have, feel ,hear, see , watch , notice 等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式不帶to. 如： i saw him fall off the bike. 我看見他從自行車上掉下來。2.作動詞help的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式可帶to,也可不帶to. he didnt help me（to）do the work. 他沒有幫我做這項工作。3.在助動詞和一些情態(tài)動詞如will , would , shall , should , can , could , may , might , must , do , does , did , didnt , dont , doesnt 等的后面,用動詞原形,即動詞不定式不 帶to. will you help me? 你將幫我嗎？he doesnt live here. 他不居住在這。 it might rain . 可能下雨了。4在why not? , had better , would rather 等的后面也跟不帶to的動詞不定式.（原形）you had better （not）stay at home. 你最好（不要）留在家里。 i would rather go early. 我寧愿早去。5 在第二個不定式前一般不帶to. i would like to lie down and go to sleep. 我想要躺下睡覺。注意：在下列答語中, to不能省略: will you join me in a walk?i will be glad to. 你愿和我去散步嗎？ 我樂意去。 would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?i would love to. 今天下午你愿意和我去游泳嗎？ 我愿意去。used he to work in the factory?yes , he used to .他過去在工廠工作嗎？是的，過去在。練習題1. its our duty _ the room every day. a. to clean b. cleaned c. clean d. cleans2. its hard for us _ english well.a. learn b. learns c. to learn d. learning3. its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the world cup.a. for， of b. of， for c. to， for d. of， to4.he wants _ some vegetables.a. buy b. buying c. to buy d. buys 5. dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.a. to bring b. bringing c. to take d. taking 6. he found it very difficult _.a. sleeping b. sleeps c. slept d. to fall asleep7.robert often asks us _ his chinese, so his chinese is much better than before.a. help him b. to help him with c. to help with d. helps him with 8. mr li often teaches his japanese friends _ chinese food.a. cook b. cooks c. to cook d. cooked9.she went _ her teacher.a. to see b. looks c. saw d. seeing 10. meimei likes english very much. she does her best _ english well.a. learn b. learning c. to learn d. learns11.im sorry _ that.a. hears b. hearing c. hear d. to hear 12. the first thing i want to do is _.a. visit to him b. to visit him c. visiting him d. visited him13. my mother was very glad _ her old friend.a. to meet b. meet c. met d. meets (14.would you like something _?a. drink b. drinking c. to drink d. drinks 15. i have a lot of homework _.a. do b. doing c. did d. to do 16. he is not an easy man _.a. get on b. to get on c. get on with d. to get on with 17.we saw him _ the building and go upstairs.a. to enter b. enter c. entering d. entered 18 so much work usually makes them _ very tired.a. to feel b. feels c. feeling d. feel 19.your father is sleeping. youd better _. a. not wake up him b. not to wake up himc. not wake him up d. not to wake him up 20. on my way home, i stopped _ some food. a. buy b. to buy c. buying d. bought21.mr black asked the man _ the queue.a. not to jump b. to not jumpc. didnt jump d. not jump 22. the old man told the child _ noisy.a. not be b. not to be c. to not be d. be not 23. there is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. please try _ late.a. have， not to be b. have， not bec. be， not to be d. be， not be24.please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.a. to have b. having c. have d. has 25. why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?sorry, i forgot _ some money with me.a. take b. taking c. to take d. took 26. lets have a rest, shall we?not now, i cant stop _ the letters.a. write b. to write c. writing d. and write27. when i was walking in the street i saw a plane _ over my head.a. flies b. flying c. flew d. to fly 28. a woman saw it _ when she was walking past.a. happen b. happens